Who is Qu Yuan's surname?

Who is Qu Yuan's surname? In life, I believe many people are familiar with Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan is a famous patriotic poet in the history of China. The Dragon Boat Festival is a festival to commemorate him, but many people don't know Qu Yuan's surname. Let's have a look!

Qu Yuan's surname is very famous. Seeing this topic, you may laugh: "Hey, writing guy, isn't Qu Yuan surnamed Qu Mingyuan?" Hehe, your friend is too confident. Qu Yuan's name is really not Qu Mingyuan.

Let's look at Qu Yuan's surname first. When I was a child, I read a novel in Youth Literature and Art, which was very interesting. It's about teacher Fan's new class, which talks about Fan Zhongyan's Yueyang Tower.

After Teacher Fan finished speaking, a student surnamed Xiong raised his hand and asked about the relationship between Teacher Fan and Fan Zhongyan. Teacher Fan has a good manner when he meets students with problems. He talked about family name inheritance, turned the bear into an army, and said that he was a descendant of Qu Yuan. Later, Mr. Xiong asked Mr. Fan what Qu Yuan's surname was Qu and what it had to do with our Xiong family.

Teacher Fan said that Xiong's national surnames, such as Qu, Jing and Zhao, are all derived from Xiong's family, so Xiong may be a descendant of Qu Yuan.

This theory sounds reasonable. However, it also has two disadvantages. In the pre-Qin period, surnames and surnames were separated, and surnames were greater than surnames, which generally did not change, but surnames might change with the changes of feudal cities and official positions. Qu's family is a branch of Xiong's family, and the son of Xiong Tong lost his land, and later generations took the feudal city of his ancestors as their surname.

We can say that the ancestors of people named Qu are named Xiong, but we can't say that the ancestors of people named Xiong are named Qu. There's another one. Strictly speaking, Xiong is not the surname of Chu, but the real surname of Chu is Mi, which is the surname in the TV series The Legend of Mi Yue.

What's going on here? It turned out that the ancestor of Chu was called Kuaixiong, a teacher, and his grandson was named after him. Later, Zhou Chengwang named Xiong Yi, the great-grandson of Kuaixiong, as Chu Jun ... so the king of Chu was named Xiong, and the principle of Qu was Qu.

Qu Yuan's name is not Yuan, but Ping, and his word is Yuan. Qu Yuan's fame obviously overshadowed Qu Ping's. In ancient times, there was a proper noun called "line by line word", which was used to address people without names. There are many such celebrities, such as Xiang Yu, Wu Zixu, Tao Yuanming, Meng Haoran, Tang Bohu, etc. We are all familiar with them.

Qu Yuan actually has another name. When we read Li Sao, we will read two sentences: "The name is positive and the word is even."

It seems that Qu Yuan, also known as Regular, has a good word spirit. Why does Qu Yuan have two sets of names and characters? Historians have not come to a conclusion yet. Perhaps Qu Shiweng felt lonely and gave himself a set of names to play with, hehe.

Qu Yuan's surname is very famous. On the Dragon Boat Festival, we will naturally think of Qu Yuan. But if I ask you what Qu Yuan's surname is, do you know?

Maybe someone will answer without thinking: the surname is Qu!

Unfortunately, this answer is wrong.

The man says his surname is not surname, and the woman says his surname is not surname.

Qu Yuan: Actually, my surname is Mi.

Qu Yuan's surname is Mi! The once-hit TV series "The Legend of Mi Yue" made this seemingly unfamiliar surname popular. Qu Yuan is a commoner of Chu State, that is to say, he has the same surname as the monarch of Chu State, and his surname is Mi.

The origin of Mi surname is very early. Historical Records Chu Family: "The ancestor of Chu people came from Zhuan Xu Levin ... (later Levin) Wu Zhong. Lu Yisheng gave birth to six people, and he gave birth to a son. Its length is called Kunwu ... and its long name is Mi, followed by Chu. "

Then, why not call it Sanyuan or Miping? This is because in the pre-Qin era, the usage of surnames and surnames was different from today.

Li Lixin, secretary general of Henan Surname Culture Research Association, said that totem is the earliest source of surnames. In the early days of matriarchal system, lineage was calculated from matriarchal line, so all members of a clan (that is, the same totem) came from a matriarchal ancestor and had close kinship.

With the evolution and progress of society, clan totems have gradually been transformed into clan surnames, representing clan titles with the same blood relationship.

Surnames appeared late and originated from patriarchal society. Is a branch derived from surnames, which is used to distinguish descendants from descendants. It is the title of the ancient nobility symbolizing the clan system.

At that time, surnames were split in two, and men called their surnames instead of their surnames. So, don't be high or low. Noble people have surnames, while bitches have no surnames. For the aristocrats in the pre-Qin period, this kind of attention is still very strict.

Qu, originally a place name, is said to be in Zigui, Hubei Province today. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the monarch was harmed by Qu, and later generations took Qu as their surname. Qu Yuan is a descendant of Wang Zixiao. Therefore, he can only be called Qu Yuan or Qu Ping, but not Yuan Yuan or Pingping.

When The Legend of Mi Yue became popular, some people said that the name "Mi Yue" was inaccurate. From the imperial clan of Chu, a famous bear. The exact name should be "Xiong Yue".

Is that so? Of course not. The prototype is Mibazi, the mother of Emperor Xuandi of Qin Dynasty, which really exists in history. According to historical records, Dumb Son was "the first person in Chu", so he was named Dumb Son. People with the same surname are not allowed to get married, and people in the pre-Qin period paid special attention to this.

A married woman must know her surname, so a woman calls her surname; Because of this, "Mi Yue" cannot be called "Xiong Yue".

According to the etiquette of the Zhou dynasty, the same surname is not married.

Confucius: Because of Zhao Gong, he was lying with a gun.

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Zhao of Lu did an embarrassing thing: he married a wife of Wu. Isn't it normal for a monarch to marry? This is very embarrassing in countries where Lu and Wu share the same surname. According to the etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty, people with the same surname could not get married.

So this matter has embarrassed many people. First of all, Zhao Gong was embarrassed. What should I call this lady? In the Spring and Autumn Period, the title of the monarch's wife is usually the name of the country where she grew up plus her real name, so this lady should be called Wu Ji according to the ceremony.

If the word Ji is called out, isn't it clear to tell everyone that the monarch married a woman with the same surname? So in order to hide people's eyes and ears, it had to be renamed Wu Mencius.

We should know that surnames and surnames have different social functions because of their different time and conditions: surnames are the basis for deciding whether to get married, that is, the same surnames cannot get married; Surnames are used to distinguish between nobles and nobles, that is, civilians have no surnames, and only nobles have surnames.

Since ancient times, there has been a saying in China that "men and women share the same surname, and children are not uncommon", to the effect that if close relatives get married, their offspring may not prosper.

Zheng Chengzhi, a researcher at the Party School of Zigui County Committee in Yichang City, Hubei Province, introduced Qu and Xiong as examples. The two families share the same surname and have been adhering to the custom of not getting married for thousands of years.

Qu's Genealogy, compiled during the Republic of China in southern Zigui, recorded a history of about 500 years. There are 1 10,000 couples in the genealogy, and only 5 couples of Qu and Xiong get married, with an average of 1 year, and 1 couple of Xiong in every 200 couples get married.

Three Gorges Project immigrants from Zigui * * * bear and Qu surnamed 1300, with different surnames of 8 13 households, and only 12 couples married.

However, it is hard to say whether it is knowingly committed. I didn't expect that this incident actually made Confucius lie down.

Confucius traveled around the world and came to the state of Chen. Chen Si, an official of the State of Chen, did not ask Confucius, "Does Zhao Gong know manners?" Confucius said, "Be polite."

After Confucius left, when Chen Si was defeated, he invited Confucius' students in and said, "I heard that gentlemen are not biased, and gentlemen are also biased?" Zhao Gong married a woman from Wu with the same surname, so he can only call her Wu Mengzi. If you say that Zhao Gong knows the ceremony, who doesn't? "

In fact, Confucius knows how to be polite and impolite. But when someone asks about his monarch, he will never criticize his mistakes, which is called the monarch's taboo. Wu Ma told Confucius about Chen Si's defeat. Confucius said, "I am so lucky." If there is a mistake, people will know. "

Later, this incident also embarrassed the historian Lu. It is said that it is a great event for a monarch to marry a wife, and it should be published in Spring and Autumn Annals as "the wife style is self-sufficient" for three years.

But Lu married Wu Meng, and now we can't see it in Spring and Autumn Annals. Maybe historians never wrote it down.

When Mrs. Zhao Gong died in Lu Aigong in the twelfth year, historians only vaguely wrote: "Mencius is dead." No surname, no wife, no burial of Xiaojun.

In the pre-Qin period, men's names could not be linked together, but only by their first names.

Duke Zhou: Please don't call me Ji Dan.

We now say who's surname is who, and the surname comes first, which is a habit formed after Qin and Han Dynasties. However, many people mistakenly think that surnames and first names in the pre-Qin period can also be called like this.

For example, some books say "Duke of Zhou and Ji". In fact, for men of that era, surnames and first names cannot be linked together, only surnames and first names. Duke of Zhou was sealed in Zhou, and the fief was his surname, so it can be called.

Even the famous historians Sima Qian and Liu Zhiji once played such a joke. Zheng Qiao, a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, said, "Why did Sima Zichang and Liu Zhiji call Duke Zhou Ji Dan and Wen Jibo King Qi? There is no such language for three generations. After three generations, the surnames became one. Although my son is long and knows a few good stories, he still doesn't know about it! "

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, the distinction between surnames and surnames gradually disappeared. For example, Qin Wei won his surname, but by Qin Shihuang, he could already be called Ying Zheng; Sima Qian even mixed his surname as one, saying that Gaozu was "surnamed Liu".

But at that time, there was no written record of the phenomenon that "surnames were combined into one". So, when did the official mixed surname begin in written records?

Li Lixin said that according to the textual research of the Japanese recorded by Gu, a scholar in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Sima Qian, a great historian in the Western Han Dynasty, used surnames together when writing history books. The book Clans says: "The names of surnames have been mixed into one since Taishigong.

Chronicle Qin Shihuang is called Zhao, and Emperor Gaozu is called Liu. "From then on, or surname, or surname, or surname, is the same meaning.

Finally, how to grasp the surname and surname? Very simple, with the Qin and Han dynasties as the boundary, if we are talking about people in the pre-Qin period, we must find out what their surnames and surnames are respectively; If you are talking about people from Qin and Han dynasties and later, you don't have to strictly distinguish surnames.

It stands to reason that this is not a very high requirement. Unfortunately, many books can't reach them now, and even reference books such as Ci Hai are wrong. For example, the Chronology of China in the appendix of Cihai still calls Zhou Wuwang Ji Fa and Zhou Chengwang Song Ji.