The origin of the Zhao family in Tianshui County

The counties with the surname Zhao include Tianshui County, Zhuo County, Nanyang County and Xiapi County. Yingchuan County and others. Among them, Tianshui County and Zhuo County are the most famous.

Tianshui County was established as a county in the Western Han Dynasty and was governed in Pingxiang (now northwest of Tongwei, Gansu). The Western Jin Dynasty moved to Shanggui (now Tianshui, Gansu). The Prime Minister of the Northern Wei Dynasty is currently in Tianshui, Qin'an, Gangu and other cities and counties in Gansu Province. This branch of the Zhao family respects Zhao Jia, Prince Zhao Xiang and Prince Dai of Jin, as the founding ancestor.

In 222 BC, the Qin State attacked Dai County of Zhao State (now southwest of Yu County, Hebei Province). Dai Wang Zhao Jia surrendered to the Qin State and was treated politely. His son Zhao Gongfu led his people to Xilong and settled in Tianshui, Gansu Province (now Tongshan County). Northwest of Wei County). When Zhao Gongfu was appointed as the chief executive of Xirong, he implemented a gentle policy. The advanced culture and production technology of the Central Plains were widely taught, making the people of all ethnic groups in Xirong extremely loved and remembered Zhao Gongfu from generation to generation. Known as "King Zhao".

According to "Han Shu." According to the "Hou Biao of Meritorious Officials" and "Biao of Marquis of Foreign Relatives", there were more than 30 marquises granted by the descendants of the Zhao family in the Han Dynasty. They are: Zhao Jiangxi, Zhao Tou, Zhao Xiu, Zhao Hu, Marquis of Qi in Shenze, Zhao Yao, Marquis of Jiangyi, Xu Changzhenhou Zhao Yan, Zhao Fu, Zhao Buhai. The Marquis of Shanling is Zhao Zhou, the Marquis of Xi is Zhao Xin, the Marquis of Changwu is Zhao Anji, the Marquis of Suicheng is Zhao Buyu, the Marquis of Congfa is Zhao Ponu, the Marquis of Xinjue (zhi) is Zhao Di, the Marquis of Suitaoqing is Zhao Guang, Zhao Changle, and Zhao Fang. Zhou Yanghou Zhao Jian, Ai Qihou Zhao Changnian, Zhao Wei, Zhao Mu, Yingping Kaohou Zhao Qin. There are Zhao Chongguo, Zhao Hong, Zhao Ji (ji), the Zhuang Marquis of Yingping, Zhao Cen, the Zhihou of Yingping, Zhao Lin, Zhao Yi, and Zhao Cen, the Chengyang Jiehou. Nearly half of them, including Zhao Yanshi and Zhao Buchang, are descendants of Zhao Gongfu, among whom Zhao Chongguo, the Zhuanghou of Yingping, is the most famous.

According to "Han Shu." "The Biography of Zhao Chongguo" records that Zhao Chongguo was a descendant of the famous Zhao family in Tianshui. "Shen Yong had a great strategy." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to attack the Huns. The situation was critical. Zhao Chongguo led more than 100 warriors to break through the Huns' siege and save Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty from danger. He himself was injured. More than 20 creations. Therefore, the Xiongnu became frightened when they heard the name of "contributing to the country". During the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Chongguo was granted the title of "Zhuanghou of Yingping".

Among the princes of the Zhao family in Tianshui, Zhao Chongguo made the greatest contribution and had the greatest influence. Among his descendants, there were a large number of celebrities. Zhao Chongguo's son, During the reign of Emperor Zhao, Zhao Ang was appointed as the Zhonglang General of You Cao. When Zhao Chong was conquering the Qiang, he had a grudge against Xin Wuxian, the general of Po Qiang. After Ang (ang) was imprisoned, he committed suicide. In the second year of Ganlu (52 BC), Zhao Chongguo died at the age of 86. The title of Yingping Zhuanghou was inherited by his other son Zhao Hong. His official title was not obvious throughout his life, but his son Zhao Qin married Princess Jingwu, which made the Zhao family even more glorious. Zhao Ji (ji), the great-grandson of Zhao Chongguo, also served as the governor of Yizhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhao Zhili served as the right guard general of Chen State in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The two brothers, Zhao Wen and Zhao Yi, were both dignitaries in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The elder brother Zhao Wen was a doctor in Zhongshu, and the younger brother Zhao Yi was a general in Ningshuo. The two brothers wrote more than 50 poems and inscriptions, and later Zhao Gui became famous in the world. Taifu, "the Duke of Chu, the Duke of Jin, and the regent". Zhao Wenbiao was the governor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and Zhao Chang (Chang) was the Duke of Changdao County of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. Both of them were close generals of Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty. After being given the surname Yuwen, Zhao Chongguo had another brother named Zhao Zisheng, who served as the governor of Yunzhong. There are four sons: Zhao Youdu is the governor of Shuonong; Zhao Ciqing is the order of Gaoping; Zhao Ziyou is the envoy to protect the garden; Zhao Youqing is the governor of Youzhou.

In the Tang Dynasty, four people of the Zhao family served as prime ministers. , except Zhao Zongru, three of them are from the Zhao clan in Tianshui, Gansu: Zhao Yanzhao was a Jinshi, and he was promoted to the Minister of Zhongshu. He was the great-grandson of Zhao Renben. He passed the imperial examination as Jiang Xiawei and was promoted to Prince Shizhong. He was later promoted to Shizhong and served as the Minister of Zhongshu. He served as an assistant to the government for five years and died in the 320th year of the Song Dynasty. The 18 emperors were also descendants of the Zhao family in Tianshui. Because there were so many emperors and famous people, the Zhao family was really a famous place.

Part 4. Zhao Pu (Prime Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty) is the distant ancestor of our family

Zhao Pu (921-992), named Zeping, was a native of Ji County, Youzhou (now Beijing). At the end of the Later Tang Dynasty, his father Zhao Jiong moved his family to Changshan. (now Zhengding, Hebei).

Zhao Pu's great-grandfather was the magistrate of Benhe County in the late Tang Dynasty. His grandfather Zhao Baoquan was the Sima of Chanzhou in the late Tang Dynasty or the beginning of the Five Dynasties; , served as Sima of Xiangzhou (now Anyang, Henan). In the later Zhou Dynasty, Zhao Pu's official position was transferred to the Secretary of the German Army. He was a close aide of Zhao Kuangyin (Taizu of the Song Dynasty). He actively planned the Chenqiao mutiny and supported Zhao on behalf of Zhou. Zhao Pu had meritorious service in supporting Taizu. In the second year of Qiande (964), he became prime minister and served as prime minister for more than 10 years. And because he often read "The Analects" to make political decisions, there is a saying that "half of the Analects rules the world." In response to the situation in the Five Dynasties when the feudal vassals were divided and the emperor was weak and his ministers were strong, he suggested that Song Taizu weaken the military power of his ministers and remove senior generals from important positions in the imperial army, which made great contributions to the strengthening of the central centralized system in the Song Dynasty. In the war to unify the countries, Zhao Pu participated in formulating the strategy of "first south and then north".

In the sixth year of Kaibao's reign (973), he was dismissed from office and demoted because of arbitrary use of power for personal gain. In the sixth year of Taiping and Xingguo's reign (981), he participated in the creation of the "Golden Chamber Alliance" and said that Empress Dowager Du ordered Zhao Guangyi (Taizong) to ascend the throne to regain the throne, and participated in the persecution of King Tingmei of Qin. He died of illness in the third year of Chunhua (992). He was given the posthumous title Zhongxian and was posthumously named King Zhending.

Zhao Pu and Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin had an ordinary relationship with their father and son. They had a close relationship and were of the same clan. Shi Wangong and Zhongshu Ling Zhao Pu belong to the same clan, only a few generations apart. Shi Wangong was born in the last year of the Song Dynasty's southward migration, while Zhongling Gong served in the early years of Jianlong (960). They are not far apart. Most people only know Shi Wan. I am the ancestor of the Zhao family, but I don’t know that Zhao Pu, the founder of Zhongshu Ling, is the distant ancestor of Zhao Shiwan, the ancestor of the Sichuan family. From the stone couplets on the gate of the Zhao family ancestral hall built by our family in Zhoujiagou, Tuxi:

"Song Taizu paid a snowy night visit to Pu, and his elegance still remains,

Zhao Zilong The meaning of "The Savior of Nagasaka enters and exits seven times for ten thousand years" completely proves that the distant ancestor of my Zhao family is Zhao Puye.

Part 5: A brief introduction to the life of Zhao Shiwan, the founder of Sichuan Province

Shi Wangong, the founder of Sichuan Province, was born in Macheng, Hubei Province. Descendants of Zhao Pu, Prime Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. The direct descendant of Zhao Hongzi. He enjoys the title of "Shiyin Bingyilang". In April 1127 AD, after the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Jin soldiers, the north belonged to the Jin and Xixia. King Kang (Gaozong of the Song Dynasty) and Zhao established the southern part of the country and made their capital Lin'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), which was known as the "Southern Song Dynasty" in history. It has jurisdiction over 16 roads, namely the two Zhejiang provinces, the two Huaihe provinces, Jiangxi East and West, Hunan North, Xishu, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi East, West and South. The Sichuan area, that is, Western Shu, is still divided into four districts: Chengdu Prefecture, Tongchuan Prefecture, Lizhou, and Kuizhou.

Lizhou Road governs three prefectures, twelve prefectures, and two armies in Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces, and governs Xingyuan Prefecture in present-day Hanzhong, Shaanxi.

Shi Wangong was "ordered to eliminate the Lizhou Road transfer judge" in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was in charge of one or more roads and had the power to prosecute local officials. Later, his responsibilities were expanded to include border defense, public security, money and food. Inspection and other chief executives at prefecture and above levels. Because he was fair in doing things, honest in government, and neither corrupt nor occupying, the Emperor Song Dynasty awarded him the title of "Qingyi Doctor" and his seat was in Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. It was later occupied by the Mongolian army. In the second year of Duanping (1235) of Emperor Lizong (Zhao Yun) of the Song Dynasty, the Mongolian army led a 500,000-strong army and launched a large-scale attack on the Southern Song Dynasty and invaded and occupied Sichuan. It spreads from the northwest to the southeast of the basin. Due to the continuous wars, many governments, states, military and prisons were abandoned, the population decreased, and the administrative areas were moved repeatedly. In the third year of Duanping (1236), Longzhou, Longqing Prefecture, Langzhou, Shunqing, Puzhou and other places were abandoned. Rongzhou chose a place for overseas residents to build, and Suining Prefecture had the power to rule Pengxi Village. In the first year of Jiaxi (1237), the Chongqing government was in a tight situation, Qianzhou fell, and Fushun was abolished. In the fourth year (1240), Chengdu Prefecture fell and Bazhou was in chaos. The situation in Sichuan is very serious. At this time, in June of the second year of Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1242), Yu Jie, the minister of the Ministry of War of the Song Dynasty, proclaimed the history of Sichuan. In December, Yu Jie, the minister of the Ministry of War, was ordered to appoint an envoy to the Sichuan pacification system and also serve as the Chongqing government. Zhao Zhong, the official of the Qing Dynasty, was ordered to be the judge of the transfer of Lizhou Road. In December of that year, Zhao Zhong and Yu Jie (jie), the minister of the Ministry of War, took a royal vehicle, carrying a large amount of gold and silver, and entered Sichuan to govern Shu. Lives in Quzhou.

In the third year of Chunyou of Song Dynasty (1243), the Mongolian army attacked Luzhou. The war situation in Sichuan became more serious, and Xuzhou and Zizhou were in chaos one after another. Puzhou took control of the danger, and Langzhou moved to Dahuoshan. The situation was very tense. Yu Jie, Zhao Zhong and others led their troops to resist resolutely and fight back bravely. He fought with the Mongolian army more than 30 times, and the Mongolian army was defeated.

In order to consolidate the results of the war and expand the army, Yu Jie, Zhao Zhong and others actively set up embassies to recruit talents. They also widely solicited opinions from the defenders of Shu and formulated a plan to defend Shu: build dangerous towns and garrison important towns, and adjust the army's garrison. The walled city was built on dangerous and defensible mountains along the Yangtze River, Jialing River, Tuojiang River, Qujiang River, Minjiang River and Tongjiang River, which effectively limited the impact of the Mongolian cavalry and gradually improved the situation in Sichuan.

In the eleventh year of Chunyou (1251), Yu Jie, Zhao Zhong and others also led the Northern Expedition to attack Hanzhong occupied by the Mongolian army. However, Yu Jie's achievements in governing Shu were jealous and persecuted by the powerful officials in the court. Finally, in May of the first year of Baoyou (1253), "Song Zhao Yu Jie returned" and died suddenly in July.

In the first month of the second year of Baoyou (1254), the Mongolian army Kublai Khan led an army of 100,000 to attack Sichuan from Songpan. The Song army commander Zhang Shi, Lizhou Road transfer judge Zhao Zhong and county magistrate Tan Yuan actively mobilized their troops and generals, and took advantage of "building dangerous garrison defense" positions to rise up to fight. Because the Song army was condescending and well prepared, they fired random arrows and flying knives. They all fought together, and the Mongolian army retreated. Since then, Sichuan's political situation has been basically stable for more than 30 years.

Zhao Zhong was a native of Xiaogan Township, Macheng County, Hubei Province. He was ordered to go to Sichuan to govern Shu. He insisted on guarding Sichuan for a long time and lived in Quzhou. Never returned. He died in his 80s. His wife, Mrs. Liu, loved her concubines, Zhu and Wang, and gave birth to three sons: the eldest son, Gubao, also known as Xingxing; the second son, Jinbao, also known as Xingming; the third son, Yinbao, also known as Yubao, named Xingdai.

In the second year of Xiangxing (1279) of Emperor Bing (Bing Bing), after the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed by the Yuan Dynasty, Shi Wangong concealed his fame for safety and settled in Qu County. According to Zhao Weigang's writings in the 11th year of Tongzhi, The genealogy of Wen Xianggong is uploaded: "After his death, Shi Wangong was buried at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain in Zhaojiaba, Yongxingchang. His wife Liu died young and was buried at the foot of Ma'an Mountain. His concubines Zhu and Wang died one after another and were buried at Shi Wangong's. Next to the tomb. Due to the age, the words and carvings on the tombstone have been weathered and cannot be read. However, the large characters "Kaifeng Zhao" on the stone plaque on the tomb door are still clearly visible." It is now a tree planted in a wasteland.