What kind of city is Harbin?

Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province, located in the south of Heilongjiang Province and the northernmost capital city of China. If you want to know about Harbin, you can read my article.

In June, the daily minimum temperature in 5438+ 10 is often below -30℃, and the annual average number of snow days can reach more than 100 days. Therefore, winter in Harbin is a feast of snowy days in China. Colleagues who scream with excitement at the sight of snow in Mao Mao may faint in Harbin.

In addition to the cold weather in winter, Harbin with agricultural conditions belongs to the king level in China. As early as 20 thousand years ago, there were human activities. Archaeologists have found many traces of ancient people polishing animal bones to make tools in Xuetian Village, Wuchang, Harbin. This is considered to be the earliest resident of Harbin and even Heilongjiang Province.

Today, the grain output of Harbin is the second in Heilongjiang Province (second only to Suihua), and Wuchang Rice is recognized as Hermes in China rice industry. However, the location of Harbin is a bit too moderate, and the mainstream dynasties in China's ancient Central Plains really neglected it. It has always been a fishing and hunting place for ethnic minorities. In the 10 century, Akuta, a native of Harbin, unified the Nuzhen tribes, the ancestors of Manchu in China today, and established the Jin State.

Harbin's waterway transportation is very convenient, and it can go directly to Heilongjiang and Mudanjiang. Jurchen also imitated the cities of the Northern Song Dynasty and built Harbin into a low-level Tokyo (Kaifeng).

The name Harbin is Manchu, which means fishing and drying nets. It is said that this pronunciation comes from the village of Alekin recorded in the Book of Golden History. Today, Manchu is also the largest minority in Harbin.

Jurchen's fighting power is hard to see. She went south from Harbin, captured half of China, and finally moved to Beijing. However, the timing is not very good. Catch up with the expansion of Mongolian big brother, and be forced to go offline before enjoying it. Although Jindu has been destroyed, today there is a Jinshangjing History Museum in Acheng District of Harbin for tourists to visit.

In the Qing Dynasty, when Manchu people were the masters of the country, Harbin was originally regarded as the land of Longxiang, and it was always in a state of no entry. Later, frequent disasters in northern China forced the Qing government to gradually lift the ban, and encouraged residents from Shanxi, Shandong and Hebei provinces in China to come here to reclaim land. It is precisely because of the influence of immigrants from Hebei and Beijing that Harbin people's Putonghua is unique in Dabaozi Club, which is more standard than most parts of China.

The Russian expedition bought a village called Tianjia Shaoguo in Harbin as the station of the railway bureau. 1898? In, the Middle East Railway began to be built, with Harbin as the center and divided into three branches: east, west and south. The trunk line starts from Manzhouli in the west and reaches Suifenhe in the east, and the branch line reaches Harbin in the north and Lushunkou in the south, with a total length of more than 2,500 kilometers. As the intersection of this T-shaped railway, Harbin has become a central city along the railway. The Railway Bureau recruited 6.5438+0.7 million railway workers from the northern provinces of China, and the street where China workers settled was called China Street. Not far from China Street is Songhua River Pier, where parallel imports of railway construction land. Soon China Street became the most lively and prosperous place in Harbin, which is now the Central Street.

1903? In, the entire Middle East Railway was opened to traffic, and the freight volume in that year accounted for% of the total freight volume in Northeast China? Over 40%. In order to train railway technicians, a Sino-Russian technical school was built in 1920, which is now Harbin Institute of Technology. This century-old prestigious school is known as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in China, and every step of China's space flight is paved by countless Harbin Institute of Technology.

Harbin's debut is the peak. A few years later, Huaer in Northeast Village became Miss World and an international commercial metropolis in the Far East. Expatriates from European countries flooded into Harbin. More than 1.6 million expatriates from 33 countries gathered here, and 1.6 countries set up consulates. Russian immigrants once reached as many as 200 thousand. Russian railway technicians, intellectuals and nobles who were rejected by the new system after the October Revolution, as well as Jews persecuted all over Europe, came to Harbin to live.

Many Russian architects who can't display their ambitions in the motherland because of social unrest have made great achievements in Harbin, and various popular European architectural styles can be seen everywhere on the streets of Harbin. In order to show their wealth, many rich people in China have localized western architecture and mixed pomegranate and peony carvings. They are called China Baroque, which is equivalent to the current national tide.

Under the influence of the Middle East railway and foreign immigrants, Harbin, a small fishing village in the northeast, suddenly started the modernization process. 1900, Lin Qiu foreign firm, the first department store in China, appeared in Harbin. 190 1 year, Harbin had the first Russian newspaper, Daily Telegraph. 1902, the Russians opened the first cinema in China-Kobchev Cinema in Harbin. China people in Harbin also began to learn from foreigners to eat western food and drink milk. Loanwords such as Russian, Lebanese and Gowasu are still used today.

From 65438 to 0905, Middle East Railway Club became the first large-scale western restaurant in Harbin. By 1937, there are 260 western restaurants and more than 30 central streets, with everything from American hot dogs to ural mountains. Among them, Mattel Western Restaurant was opened by French Jews. At first, it only cooked expensive French food, and its status was equivalent to today's Michelin Samsung, and many celebrities and politicians patronized it.

1900? In, Russian businessmen established the first brewery in China-Wulubei levski Brewery in Nangang, Harbin, and brewed the first barrel of happy water in China. Today, it has become Harbin beer, and the per capita beer consumption in Harbin is also the first in the country.

1908, the Russians also established the Railway Bureau Symphony Orchestra, which was later the Harbin Symphony Orchestra. Russian musicians brought unprecedented western music life to Harbin people, and also founded the earliest professional music college-Harbin No.1 Higher Music School for China. Tolov, a Russian musician who left Harbin for the south, trained a large number of musical talents such as Liu Tianhua and Xian Xinghai for China. In short, the former small fishing village has changed places, and the streets and alleys are all central bank clubs, theaters, cinemas, cafes and racetracks. Russian girls dance in restaurants to add fun. Under the influence of this atmosphere, Harbin people love beauty and fashion until today, and go everywhere to sink fish and fall wild geese.

Not long after the cock crow, 1932, the Japanese army occupied Harbin. A few years later, the Soviet Union sold the Middle East Railway to Japan without asking China if he agreed. Harbin became an important military base in Japan, and 73 1 troops were set up in the bungalow area, and terrible human experiments were carried out.

Behind these painful memories are the blood and tears of Qian Qian's indomitable fighting of thousands of Harbin soldiers and civilians. From 65438 to 0946, with the help of the Soviet Red Army, Harbin became the earliest liberated big city in China. When Sino-Soviet relations were good, Harbin received special care, and the 13 projects aided by Big Brother were all located here. Harbin has become an important town of mechanical and electrical industry in China, and its total industrial output value 1957 ranks seventh in China. But after falling out with the Soviet Union, some factories and enterprises began to move to the west of China. Later, after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the economy was in a mess. As an old driver of trade with Russia, Harbin is caught in the embarrassment of having no business to do.

Fortunately, today's Harbin has become a tourist flower in the northeast, with the vastness of the northeast, the dream of the world of ice and snow, and the romance of exotic streets. There are also many foreign friends who come here to look for time fragments of their loved ones' lives.

The cold wind in Siberia, the smoke on the Songhua River and the roar of steam locomotives have ebbed and flowed for a hundred years.

The church bells are melodious, the cars and horses are bustling, and the bitterness and joy of strangers give the city soul and vitality.

I hope that before long, we can all walk on the ancient slate street in Harbin and listen to the stormy past together ~