Rectify the name of Ming Dynasty! Restore the last great dynasty of China

When people talk about the Ming Dynasty, many people will think that it was the last feudal dynasty established by the Han people. However, due to specific historical reasons, when people recall this feudal dynasty, they think more of I used to think it was authoritarian and repressive, but when I slowly understood it more deeply, I suddenly realized that we have always misunderstood the Ming Dynasty. As the saying goes, the truth may be late, but it will never be absent. The Ming Dynasty’s The glory will eventually return to the world again and restore the last great dynasty of China to the world!

Summarize the Ming Dynasty in one sentence: The Ming Dynasty is the only dynasty in Chinese history that truly started its own modernization process and laid a solid foundation for the formation of modern China, especially the contemporary Chinese nation-state!

Maybe when I read this sentence, there were countless Qingchui on the way, but the facts cannot be distorted! Next, I will elaborate on the following aspects.

The Ming Dynasty clearly proposed the national concept and national concept of "China" for the first time in Chinese history? Yes, it is indeed it! All of this starts with Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

When Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang raised troops to eliminate the Yuan Dynasty, he clearly put forward his own program: "Expelling the barbarians, restoring China, establishing the program and discipline, and relieving the people." It was also a peasant uprising. This is absolutely It is an epoch-making program! Because in this program, the word "China" was clearly proposed. So far, the word "China" has officially become a country and national entity with political significance for the first time from just another name for the Central Plains. In the 276th year of the Ming Dynasty, Guo Zuozhong is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people! Even when later generations of the Manchu and Qing dynasties entered the country, no matter how bad the Manchu and Qing Dynasties were, they could not fundamentally shake China as a country and national entity, but they were eventually completely assimilated!

All of this was also inherited by Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the great leader of the Revolution of 1911 in later generations. His proposal of "expelling the Tartars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China, and dividing land rights equally" was a response to the Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang's The perfect inheritance of established states and national entities of political significance!

Both the Republic of China and today’s Republic of China have inherited the politically significant national and national entities established by Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty has played an important role in Chinese history. For the first time, the national concept and national concept of "China" were clearly proposed!

In addition to "restoring China", Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang's program also had a more important one which was to "establish the outline and establish the discipline", which re-established the Chinese civilization system that was completely destroyed during the Yuan Dynasty based on the old system of the Han and Tang Dynasties. After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, the Chinese civilization system was re-established on the basis of the ruins. It was completely stabilized during the Ming Dynasty in 276 and became deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Even today's Chinese civilization, many of which have survived from the Ming Dynasty. , such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, numerous ancient city ruins, classical novels and opera arts, etc. Even when later generations of the Manchu and Qing dynasties entered the country, no matter how many of the Manchu and Qing Dynasty's six major bad policies, shaving their hair to make people more uniform, going against the grain, and being cruel to all living beings, they failed to fundamentally shake the foundation of Chinese civilization. Instead, they were eventually completely assimilated!

The core area of ??China is the "Eighteen Han Provinces" in the traditional sense. This is also the core ruling area of ??each unified dynasty. In the previous dynasties before the Ming Dynasty, the vast southwest region The humid climate and miasma made it difficult for the previous dynasties before the Ming Dynasty to directly rule, and they did not establish absolute rule! The Ming Dynasty completed the complete integration and reshaping of China's core areas. There are mainly two aspects:

Yunnan was called the "Land of the Southern Barbarians" in ancient times. Compared with the central position of the Central Plains in past dynasties, Yunnan is located in the remote southwest. The geographical location is very remote and the transportation is very inconvenient. In addition, Yunnan's climate environment is humid and miasma is rampant, which also made it difficult for the previous dynasties before the Ming Dynasty to directly rule. As a result, Yunnan's local ruling power continued to strengthen and expand, and eventually the Nanzhao Kingdom was established during the Tang Xuanzong period of the Tang Dynasty.

The establishment of the Nanzhao Kingdom made Tang Xuanzong furious, so Tang Xuanzong sent a large army to attack the Nanzhao Kingdom. However, the Nanzhao Kingdom was originally composed of local people in Yunnan and had a unique identity. They were very united in their beliefs and races. In addition, the soldiers in the Central Plains were not familiar with the geographical environment and climate of Yunnan. The Tang Dynasty's 200,000-strong army was completely wiped out. From the time when the Nanzhao Kingdom established its own rule under Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty until the fall of the Tang Dynasty, nothing could be done. The Nanzhao Kingdom was pacified.

In the Song Dynasty, Nanzhao Kingdom evolved into Dali Kingdom. Wang Quanbin, the minister in charge of Sichuan at that time, thought that the Tang Dynasty failed to conquer the land of Yunnan, so he drew the boundary along the Dadu River. This dividing line divided the Sichuan area of ??the Song Dynasty from the Dali Kingdom that ruled Yunnan, and separated it from the Yunnan area. Do not disturb each other. By the time of the Yuan Dynasty, this nation on horseback was very brave and good at fighting, and was determined to capture the Dali Kingdom. However, even if partial victory was achieved, the Duan family, which had been entrenched in Yunnan for a long time, would still make a comeback. It was not possible to establish absolute rule in Yunnan until the fall of the Yuan Dynasty.

In order to eliminate the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty and unify the country, Zhu Yuanzhang, the later emperor of the Ming Dynasty, ordered General Fu Youde to lead an army to attack Yunnan in 1368, wiping out the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty in one fell swoop. After Yunnan was pacified, Zhu Yuanzhang was in Yunnan. The Yunnan Administrative Envoy Department was established. At the same time, in order to stabilize Yunnan for a long time, it started a large-scale immigration of one million people from Yunnan, which greatly promoted the ethnic integration in Yunnan! Today, of the 56 ethnic groups in China, 26 ethnic minorities are distributed in Yunnan. At this point, Yunnan, which had been independent for six hundred years, was completely included in the Chinese territory! Completely established China's southwest rear! Since then, no matter how chaotic the Central Plains was, Yunnan has never been separated, providing a strong guarantee for safeguarding China's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity. After entering modern history, among my country's major border areas, the southwest region is the only one that has not been separated. The areas invaded by foreign forces also served as China's stable rear area during the Anti-Japanese War! Made a great historical contribution to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War!

In order to further consolidate the southwestern rear area, in 1413, Zhu Di, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, formally established the Guizhou Administrative Envoy Department, and Guizhou officially became a province of China, which continues to this day. The establishment of Guizhou Province made a great historical contribution to the development of southwest China. After Guizhou was established as a province, the Ming Dynasty built a large number of transportation and post roads in the southwest, and moved a large number of foreign residents to the southwest, which effectively promoted the development of the southwest region. The great ethnic integration also greatly promoted the economic development of the southwest region, and further established China's southwest rear area on the basis of pacifying Yunnan!

The establishment of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces marked that the Ming Dynasty brought all remote areas beyond the jurisdiction of previous dynasties under its effective rule, and completely completed the integration and reshaping of China's core areas. ! On this basis, the Ming Dynasty further realized the jurisdiction over Uzang (Tibet) and established a unique system of granting monks and officials. Representative political and religious leaders from various places were given different titles by the Ming Dynasty. They were awarded seals and edicts, and ordered to manage their respective places. The inheritance of their positions must be approved by the emperor, and they can all be directly assigned to the title. Son of Heaven.

In terms of administrative divisions and military and political institutions, the Ming Dynasty basically inherited the Yuan Dynasty’s division methods in Tibet. In the hometown of Wusizang Xuanwei Division and Duogan Xuanwei Division in the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty established the Wusizang and Duogan Guard Commanding Divisions and the Orisi Military and Civilian Marshal's Mansion. Later, the Wusizang and Duogan Guard Commanding Departments were upgraded to the Xingdu Commanding Department, which consisted of the Commanding Department, the Xuanwei Department, the Recruitment Department, the Wanhu Prefecture, the Qianhu Office and other agencies. Officials in military and political agencies at all levels are appointed from local monks and lay leaders. The appointment, dismissal, and promotion of officials at all levels were directly decided by the central government of the Ming Dynasty, and seals and seals were issued.

These measures, together with the previous acquisition of Yunnan and the opening of Guizhou, completely eliminated the "Tubo disaster" that had plagued the Central Plains dynasty for a long time in history. As we all know, Tubo in history has always been a headache for the Tang Dynasty. After the Ming Dynasty officially took control of Uzbekistan, the Tibetan issue that troubled the Central Plains Dynasty was finally completely solved. In the following five hundred years of history, no matter how chaotic the Central Plains Dynasty was, there was no major rebellion in Tibet until Until the British colonial forces invaded Tibet in modern times.

The Ming Dynasty established the basic pattern of the political and economic development of modern China, which is divided into the following two aspects:

In 1421, Zhu Di, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, moved the capital of the Ming Dynasty from Nanjing to Beijing. This created the political landscape of Beijing as the capital of China, which continues to this day. About half a century after the fall of Dadu and the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, the political center of the country returned to the north again. Since Shi Jingtang ceded the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun to Khitan, the area around Beijing has not been under the control of the central government of the Han imperial court for about 500 years (even longer if we count from the Anshi Rebellion and the rise of vassal towns in Hebei); and after the Jingkang Incident, the entire North China The area has also been ruled by foreigners for nearly 250 years. After Chengzu moved the capital, Beijing and its surrounding areas became the core ruling area of ??the Ming Dynasty, and the Han regime's control over North China reached an unprecedented level. Completed the complete integration and reshaping of China's core areas.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the poverty in North China was quite obvious compared to Jiangnan. The construction of Beijing enabled the rapid recovery of production and population in the north. However, as a huge consumer city, the capital's large demand for supplies could not be met nearby and had to rely on the Grand Canal for transportation from the south of the Yangtze River. Therefore, in the Ming Dynasty, water transportation had an extremely important economic status, and Zhu Di specially dredged the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal for this purpose. The prosperity of water transportation led to the development of towns along the canal, such as Yangzhou, Linqing and Cangzhou, which further promoted the recovery of the northern economy and the development of the southern economy. At the same time, it also gave birth to the two famous business gangs in the north and south in Chinese history - Hui merchants and Shanxi merchants, which made a huge historical contribution to promoting the balanced economic development of the south and the north! Therefore, by the end of the Ming Dynasty, the basic development pattern of the southern economy and northern politics was officially finalized! And continues to this day.

The above four aspects are the four major historical contributions of Ming Dynasty to modern China! As the saying goes, the truth may be late, but it will never be absent. The glory of the Ming Dynasty will eventually return to the world again, restoring the last great dynasty of China to the world! After clearing away the fog of history, a heroic feeling emerges spontaneously! How magnificent! Daming! China’s swan song! The death of the Han Dynasty!