What are the differences before and after wandering?

Rousseau was born in Geneva on June 28, 1712. He was the second child of Isaac Rousseau, a descendant of French immigrants, and the beautiful and virtuous Susanna Bernal. The meager property left by his grandfather was divided equally among the 15 children, and the share assigned to his father's name was almost zero. The family relied on the income of his father, a watchmaker, to survive.

The birth of Rousseau, a little life, cost his mother her life, and he himself was dying. Thanks to the careful management of his smart and capable aunt Susanna Rousseau, he was rescued from death and raised.

When Rousseau was five or six years old, his father used the interesting novels left by his mother to let him practice reading. Every day after dinner, his father read with him, and gradually both of them became fascinated. Once I get a book, I will never stop reading it in one sitting, so I often stay up all night and stay up all night: from dusk to dawn... When my father heard the swallows calling in the morning, he said with embarrassment: "Let's go to bed. He is even more childish than you!"

Reading like this day after day will develop the habit of reading. Not only did Rousseau rapidly improve his reading and understanding abilities, it also enabled him to acquire the kind of knowledge about eroticism that was rare among people of his age. This probably has something to do with him reading adult books too early.

In the summer when Rousseau was 7 years old, he finished reading the novels left by his mother. In winter, he began to read the books left by his grandfather to his mother. Because my grandfather was a learned pastor, there were many good books at home.

Due to the influence of these books and the resulting conversations between father and son, Rousseau’s thoughts of loving freedom and harmony began to take shape; he was stubborn and arrogant and refused to be bound (fù) and enslaved. His character also began to take shape. Whenever he saw those images of those who were loyal to the truth and the motherland from the biographies of heroes, his blood boiled with enthusiasm: a metaphor for the passion of dedicating oneself to a just cause... One day, while eating, he heard that after the Roman hero Sivola was arrested by the enemy, He put his hand on the brazier and burned it, but he remained silent to show the determination of the Romans to resist the invasion. In order to perform a heroic act, Rousseau also put his hand on the brazier, which shocked the people present.

An unexpected change: something that happens unexpectedly; a disaster. Changed Rousseau's childhood life. His father had a dispute with a French army captain named Gauzier, who was related to the small parliament in Geneva at that time. He was arrogant and cowardly, and Rousseau's father made his nose bleed. . In order to retaliate, he falsely accused his father of attacking him with a sword in the city and wanted to send his father to prison. In accordance with the laws of the time, his father insisted that the plaintiff be imprisoned with him, but this request was rejected, and Rousseau's father had to leave Geneva and spend the rest of his life in a foreign land. He would rather do this than give in; he thought that if he gave in, he would lose his honor and freedom.

His father is a skilled watchmaker, and the family relies on his craftsmanship to make a living. As soon as he left, little Rousseau, who had lost his mother's love, lost his father's protection and love, and his useless brother, who was 7 years older than him, had already left home. He had no choice but to go to his uncle's house, and his uncle Bernard became Rousseau's guardian. At that time, his uncle was serving in the fortifications of Geneva and had a son of the same age as Rousseau. The uncle wanted them to study, so he sent them both to Bauset and stayed with the Reverend Lambercier in order to learn Latin and other subjects.

Two years of studying and living in the countryside in Baose allowed Rousseau to regain some of his childhood innocence. Mr. Lambercier is a very reasonable person. He never cares about teaching. Although he is strict, he does not give too heavy homework. Moreover, the fresh air in the countryside and the attractive flowers and plants in the fields make Rousseau's love for nature. I became very interested in the beautiful scenery and found it very interesting.

Miss Lambercier is Mr. Lambercier's sister. She is in her thirties and very beautiful. She also gave lessons to Rousseau and others. In Rousseau's eyes, she was a very good teacher. However, it can be harsh when necessary, but this severity is almost always justified and never excessive. Usually they are not punished, but when forced to do so, punishment is used to intimidate them. At first Rousseau felt threatened by punishment (dònɡ): intimidation; intimidation. , very terrible; but later, when Rousseau was punished, he loved Mademoiselle Lambercier even more. Because he tasted the beating from the lady's delicate hands, he felt a pleasure that he had never experienced before. It was only because Rousseau was kind-hearted and was afraid of hurting Mademoiselle Lambercier's heart that he did not repeat the mistake that would surely lead to the same punishment.

Rousseau was only 8 years old at the time. This inner joy was undoubtedly a sign of precocity, but his strong affection for his teacher suppressed that hazy desire and turned it into a A particularly affectionate sentiment.

However, this tone was undermined by an incident in which young Rousseau was wronged.

One day, while Rousseau was reading alone in a room next to the kitchen, the maid put some of Mademoiselle Lambercier's combs on the sandstone to dry. When she came to pick it up, she found that one of the teeth on one side of the comb was broken. Because Rousseau was alone there at the time, she questioned Rousseau, but Rousseau denied having touched the comb. M. Lambercier and Mademoiselle Lambercier came together to admonish Rousseau, question him, and even threaten him.

Rousseau always firmly denied it. However, all protests were in vain. They decided that Rousseau had broken it and should be punished. But this time it was not Mademoiselle Lambercier who came to punish them. They wrote a letter to their uncle Bernard, and his uncle came. It happened that Rousseau's cousin was also charged with another equally serious crime, so Both were punished extremely severely. But they failed to get the confession they hoped for from Rousseau. After that, they pressed him several times, making Rousseau willing to die without wavering. As a result, violence yields in the face of a child's "diabolical obstinacy" (they find no other word to describe Rousseau's tenacity).

Always shy (miǎn) Shy (tiǎn) Shy: Because of fear of strangers or shyness, the expression is unnatural, docile, and even a little timid (nuò) Cowardly: timid and afraid of getting into trouble. Rousseau, this time, became so furious (è), so arrogant and untamable. Because he had always lived in a gentle, just, and kind atmosphere in the past, and he did not even have the concept of injustice in his heart, but now he suffered the first injustice from the people he loved and respected. The trauma suffered can be imagined. At this time, all he felt was grievance, anger and disappointment. It was too cruel to give such a severe punishment to someone who was not responsible for his fault. His cousin was in a similar situation. They punished him for an innocent mistake as if it were a calculated act, and they were angered by the injustice. The two children fell on the same bed, hugging each other, even breathless and shaking. After the two of them calmed down a little, they sat upright on the bed together and shouted with all their strength: "Executioner! Executioner! Executioner!" to vent their inner anger.

Rousseau, who was treated unfairly for the first time, reacted so strongly, which shows the intense emotional side of his nature, which was more fully demonstrated in his later life and struggles.

From then on, his relationship with the pastor's family deteriorated, and he soon left there. After returning to the city, he started working at the age of 13 because he had no money to study. He went to study to be a lawyer's secretary, but he hated the job. Later he became an apprentice to an engraver. Because he liked painting and was also interested in sculpture, he was determined to learn this technique well.

But he was hit again. Once, he carved some knightly medals for his friends, with the national emblem (huī) pattern on them. When the master found out, he suspected that he was learning to engrave counterfeit currency and beat him up. In fact, he didn't even know what counterfeit money was at that time. He became taciturn from then on and was always in a bad mood. At a young age, I am always preoccupied and have lost interest in life. Later, he also got into some bad habits, lying, greed, and even petty theft.

Fortunately, his reading habit saved him. When he was depressed, he looked for happiness in books as he did when he was a child. There is a rental bookstore nearby. He often rents them and reads all kinds of books. Sometimes he would read even during working hours. When the master found out, he was so angry that he beat and scolded him. On several occasions, he took away or tore his books. But Rousseau did not give in. He found joy in books and got rid of his bad habits.

One Sunday, Rousseau and his friends went to play outside the city. They ran and screamed happily, feeling more excited than ever before. However, because they played for a long time, the city gate was closed when they came back, and they had to spend the night outside the city. The next day, he was beaten again by his master. But then he had it a second time.

"If you do this again next time, be careful that I won't be able to spare you!" the master said viciously.

Rousseau was too frightened to stop playing. But one day he and his friends went out to play in the city. Unexpectedly, the soldiers guarding the city closed the door early. They ran as hard as they could and shouted at the top of their lungs, but they still didn't get into the city. Thinking of his master's beating the next day, he fell on the embankment of the moat and cried. After thinking about it all night, he made up his mind.

"I decided not to go back. I want to leave here and go out in the world by myself." He said to his friends.

After dawn, he asked his friends to go into the city to meet his cousin out of the city, and then bravely walked out into the distance. At the age of 16, Rousseau began his wandering life.

In March 1728, Rousseau left the city with fear and desolation.

One day he came to a place called Gong (ɡōnɡ) Finon in Savoy, more than 4 kilometers away from Geneva. The parish priest there, Mr. de Penville, was a famous figure in the history of the Republic of China. Famous figures aroused Rousseau's interest. So he paid a visit, was received cordially, and was given a meal, with delicious Frankie wine on the table. As a Catholic priest, de Pontville wanted to save Rousseau from Protestantism, which he regarded as paganism, and make him a Catholic. Therefore, he did not want to persuade him to go home. Instead, he took advantage of his desire to stay away from home. He was in a position where he couldn't go back even if he wanted to. M. de Pontville said to Rousseau: "God is calling you, go to Annecy! There you will find a very kind lady, who, by the favor of the king, has not only escaped from error, but also It can save other people’s souls from error.” He refers to recent conversion (ɡuī): originally referring to the Buddhist initiation ceremony, and later generally referring to devoutly believing in Buddhism or participating in other religious organizations. Catholic Mrs. Warren.

So Rousseau set out on the road with Mr. de Pontville's letter of introduction to Mrs. Warren. It would have taken one day to arrive successfully, but Rousseau took his time and walked for three days. Whenever he saw a manor house on the roadside, Rousseau would look for adventure, as if there was some adventure waiting for him. He neither dared to enter the house nor knock on the door, so he could only sing under the most beautiful window. However, although he sang for so long, his throat hurt from singing, and his singing was so wonderful, but he did not I saw a lady, let alone a young lady, who was attracted by his beautiful singing voice or wonderful lyrics.

He finally arrived at the home of Mrs. Annecy Warren. When he learned that Mrs. Warren had gone to church, Rousseau hurried to the church. Rousseau is now 16 and a half years old. Although he cannot be said to be a beautiful boy, his small figure is very well-proportioned, with slender legs and feet, free and easy expression, delicate appearance, small and cute mouth, black eyebrows and hair, and a pair of small and The slightly sunken eyes powerfully radiated a burning light. Rousseau was worried that his visit would not be favored by Mrs. Warren, so he used all his talents on the way to write a long and affectionate letter, and put Mr. de Pontville's envelope in his letter, and then carried out this extraordinary visit with trepidation.

This day is the day when the Palm Ceremony was held in 1728. When Mrs. Warren was about to enter the church, she heard Rousseau's voice and turned her head. Rousseau was greatly surprised. He originally thought she was a disgusting, decrepit old woman, but he did not expect that what he saw in front of him was a Rousseau was immediately captured by this charming, beautiful and tender young woman. He handed the letter to her tremblingly, and she took it and opened it with a smile. She only glanced at M. de Pontville's letter, and then read Rousseau's letter carefully. If the servant hadn't told her it was time to enter the church, she might have read it again. She said to Rousseau: "Hey, my child," her voice made Rousseau shudder, "It's a pity that you are wandering around so young." She continued without waiting for Rousseau's answer: "Go and wait for me at home. , ask them to prepare breakfast for you. Mass: a Catholic religious ceremony that uses bread and wine to represent the body and blood of Jesus. I will talk to you later."

Warren. The lady is a young lady from the family of Latour de Bille, an ancient aristocrat in the city of Voyau, Canton. At a very young age, she married Mr. Warren, the eldest son of Mr. Verardin of the Luo Hua family in Lausanne, and had no children. Due to the unsatisfactory marriage and the worries of family disputes, Mrs. Warren took advantage of King Victor Amed's visit to Avian, crossed the lake, and bowed down at the king's knees. Thus, in a moment of indiscretion, she abandoned her husband, family, and hometown, and was taken under the protection of the king. However, when the king learned that some people thought that taking in Mrs. Warren in this way was because he was in love with her, the warm-hearted Catholic king sent her to Annecy and gave her an annuity of 1,500 Piedmontese silver coins. There she renounced Protestantism and converted to Catholicism.

After returning from church, Mrs. Warren had lunch with *** Rousseau, and then asked about his situation, expressing deep sympathy and regret for his misfortune. Mrs. Warren did not hesitate to risk violating Catholic canon rules by suggesting that Rousseau should return to his father. From her words and her eyes, Rousseau saw her gentleness and kindness, which made him even more reluctant to leave her. Rousseau made up his mind not to return to Geneva.

From the first day he lived here, Mrs. Warren called him "child" and Rousseau called her "mother". This title best expresses the close and simple relationship between them.

Rousseau was not interested in the work that Mrs. Warren asked him to do, such as drafting plans, copying accounts, and copying prescriptions. In addition to these messy affairs, she also had to receive many passers-by, beggars and various visitors, such as soldiers, pharmacists, priests, ladies, monastery servants, etc. Mrs. Warren received them happily . Although Rousseau disliked their visits and sometimes became angry, he also derived much pleasure from her hospitable character. A lot of Mrs. Warren's limited funds were spent on these people.

In addition to these things, Rousseau did not give up his hobby of reading. Father Gufeng once taught him not to be greedy for too much reading, but to think more, which benefited him a lot. He sometimes read to Mrs. Warren and talked about the books he had read. Mrs. Warren is an educated, talented and intelligent woman who loves literature and has a good appreciation of excellent works, so they can have a very good conversation. She grew up in the upper class and came to Savoy when she was young. Because she often communicated with the upper class, she was very understanding of the ways of the world, which enabled the fantasy-loving Rousseau to gain some life experience.

One day at the end of 1731, Mrs. Warren took Rousseau's hand and introduced to Anthony, the palace steward who was at her home: "Sir, this is the poor young man I told you about. Please take more care of him. Take care of him as long as he deserves. In this way, I won’t have to worry about him in the future.” Then he said to Rousseau: “My son, you will be the king’s man from now on. Thank you, Mr. Steward.” Well, he found a job for you."

Rousseau was so happy that he couldn't even say a word. Soon, Rousseau went to the court's land registry office to make paperwork.

Although the income is not much, it is enough to live comfortably, and through this job, you can also find a better position.

Rousseau quickly became familiar with and adapted to his work. After four or five years of wandering around, he was finally able to sound dignified: describing the appearance of being solemn or upright on the surface. The land earns its own food.