How many countries did Britain colonize?

Africa

Basutoland is now Lesotho. The British annexed the area in 1868 and placed it under the jurisdiction of the Cape of Good Hope Colonial Government in 1871. In 1884, the British resumed direct jurisdiction over it. Independence in 1966.

Bechuanaland is now Botswana. The British Expeditionary Force arrived in the area in 1884 and declared it a British protectorate in 1885. In 1895, part of Bechuanaland was placed under the jurisdiction of the Cape Colonial Government, while the rest continued to be directly under British jurisdiction. Independence in 1966.

British Togo was originally a German colony. After World War I, it was divided into French Togo and British Togo. After the war, the British mandated the area, and it was annexed to the Gold Coast in 1919. After Ghana became independent, it became part of its territory.

British Cameroon was originally a German colony. After World War I, the British mandated some areas of it. In 1961, British Cameroon merged with French Cameroon and declared independence.

The Gambia has been a fortress of British merchants since 1661. It was annexed to Sierra Leone in 1821 and became an independent British colony in 1888. In 1894, some inland areas were also declared a British protectorate. Gained independence in 1965.

The Gold Coast is now Ghana. British merchants began to settle here since 1631. From 1821 to 1874, it was an administrative district of British Sierra Leone, which was controlled by merchants from 1828 to 1843. Its territory began to expand inland from 1830. The British established the Gold Coast Colony in 1874, and its boundaries were finally determined in 1904. British Togo was annexed in 1919 and became independent in 1957.

Egypt was occupied by the British in 1882. It was a British protectorate from 1914 to 1922. It gained independence in 1922, but it fulfilled necessary treaty obligations to the British. British troops continued to be stationed in the country until 1954. Year.

Kenya In 1886, Britain and Germany divided East Africa and acquired Kenya. In 1888, it was incorporated into the jurisdiction of the British East Africa Company. In 1895, the British government replaced the East Africa Company's direct management. The colony of Kenya was established in 1920 and became independent in 1963.

Mauritius The British captured Mauritius from France in 1814 and became independent in 1968.

Nigeria established a consulate in the country in 1851, annexed some areas in 1861, established the Niger Regional Protectorate in 1885, and handed it over to the British Royal Niger Company for management in 1886. The British continued to occupy Nigeria from 1892 to 1898. The remaining territory, in 1900 the British government began to directly rule Nigeria. Northern and Southern Nigeria merged in 1914, British Cameroon was incorporated into Nigeria in 1919, and became independent in 1960.

Northern Rhodesia is now Zambia. It was placed under the rule of the British South Africa Company in 1891. The British government began to directly rule the area in 1924. In 1953, Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland and Southern Rhodesia established the Central African Federation, and became independent in 1964.

Nyasaland is now Malawi. Missionaries have established a stronghold here since 1875. In 1891, the British established the Central African Protectorate here, which was named Nyasaland in 1907. In 1953, it merged with Northern and Southern Rhodesia to form the Central African Federation, and became independent in 1964.

Sierra Leone Since 1787, Sierra Leone has been an important base for British companies in the slave trade. It became a British colony in 1807. Its interior areas were declared a British protectorate in 1896 and became independent in 1961.

Southern Rhodesia is now Zimbabwe. In 1893, the British captured Southern Rhodesia from African tribes and it was managed by the British South Africa Company. In 1923, a responsible government was established and managed by the British government. From 1953 to 1964, it formed a central government with Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Non-federal, the country's white minority government declared independence on its own in 1965 and was only recognized by a few countries such as South Africa.

In 1980, the white regime reached a political agreement with the black community and changed its name to Zimbabwe, becoming a widely recognized sovereign country.

British Somaliland became the protectorate of Aden in 1884, delimited its borders in 1897, and became an independent colony in 1905. It was briefly occupied by Italy from 1940 to 1941, and became independent after being annexed to Somalia in 1960. .

South Africa In 1795 and 1806, the United Kingdom captured part of the Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch twice. In 1814, it fully annexed the Cape of Good Hope, and since 1872 it has been under direct British jurisdiction. After the British occupied this former Dutch colony, many white Dutchmen began to immigrate to the Orange Free State and the Transvaal, but the British annexed these two areas after the Boer War in 1900. Natal was annexed by the British in 1843 and became a colony. In 1910, the above-mentioned colonies merged to form the Union of South Africa and became an autonomous territory.

Southwestern Africa is now Namibia. Port Walvis in Namibia was declared a British territory in 1878, and was incorporated into the Cape Colony in 1884. In 1915, Britain annexed the German colonies around the port, and established the South African Mandate in 1919. Independence in 1990.

Swaziland In 1890, Britain and Transvaal jointly protected the rulers of Swaziland. In 1906, Britain protected it alone, and it became independent in 1968.

Sudan Sudan was originally a colony of Egypt. Later, Egyptian rule was overthrown by the Mahdi in the 1880s. In 1898, Britain reoccupied Sudan in the name of Egypt and ruled Sudan together with the Egyptian government. Sudan became independent in 1956.

Tanganyika was originally a German colony in East Africa. In 1919, Britain began to mandate it. It became independent in 1961 and formed Tanzania with Zanzibar in 1964.

Zanzibar established a British consulate on the island in 1841, declared it a British protectorate in 1890, became independent in 1963, and merged with Tanganyika to form Tanzania the following year.

Uganda In 1890, the British East Africa Company signed a treaty with the Kingdom of Buganda. In 1894, Buganda officially became a British protectorate. In 1896, several other regions gradually joined the protectorate. In 1905, the colony of Uganda was established. Independence in 1962.

America and the Atlantic

Ascension Island After Napoleon was imprisoned on St. Helena in 1815, the British stationed troops here to prevent the French from controlling the island. Since 1922, it has been occupied by St. Helena. Helena Island has administrative jurisdiction over it.

British Guiana is now Guyana. The British captured three colonies that were originally Dutch in 1796 and 1803: Berbice, Demerara and Essequibo. In 1831, three colonies were merged to form the colony of British Guiana, which became independent in 1966.

British Honduras, present-day Belize. British hematoxylin loggers have settled along the country's coast since 1636. After that, Spain and Britain began to compete for control of the area until 1786, when Britain gained complete control. It was administered by Jamaica from 1862 to 1884, became a separate colony in 1884, and became independent in 1981.

French Canada was occupied by the British in 1760, and the British colony of Quebec was established in 1763. In 1791, Quebec was divided into two independent colonies of Upper and Lower Canada. Later, Lower Canada was renamed Eastern Canada. Upper Canada was called Western Canada, and Eastern and Western Canada were the core parts of the later provinces of Quebec and Ontario respectively. They merged with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia to form the Dominion of Canada in 1867, and later British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Newfoundland successively joined the Dominion of Canada.

The Falkland Islands were first occupied by Britain in 1765. They withdrew in 1774 under Spanish protest, reoccupied them in 1833, and began colonial rule in 1841. In 1982, Argentina declared the Falkland Islands as its own, triggering the Falkland Islands War. Britain regained sovereignty over the islands after winning the war.

Newfoundland British ships have been fishing in the waters of the area since the late 15th century. In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert landed in Newfoundland and declared it to be British territory. In 1713, the British government began to It carried out direct colonial rule, and Newfoundland established a responsible government in 1855. However, Britain resumed its colonial rule in 1934 and joined the Dominion of Canada in 1949.

Part of St. Christopher immigrated to Anguilla in 1650. The island was declared a British territory in 1663. From 1882 to 1967, it and St. Christopher were jointly managed by a joint government. In 1967 Withdrew in 1969, Britain resumed rule over the island.

Antigua was colonized by St. Christopher in 1632, placed under British jurisdiction in 1663, and became independent as Antigua and Barbuda in 1981.

The Bahamas began to be ruled by Britain in 1717 and became independent in 1973.

Barbados has been inhabited on the island since 1625. It came under the rule of the British government in 1663 and became independent in 1966.

Bermuda Islands A London company began to manage Bermuda in 1612, and it has been under the direct jurisdiction of the British government since 1684.

The British Virgin Islands have been inhabited since 1666 and became a British colony in 1713.

The Cayman Islands were ceded by Spain in 1670 and were administratively managed by the colonial government of Jamaica until they became an independent colony in 1959.

The British acquired the island from France in 1761. France reoccupied Dominica in 1778, and the British occupied it again in 1783; it became independent in 1978.

Grenada was acquired by Britain from France in 1762. France reoccupied Grenada in 1779, and Britain occupied it again in 1783; it became independent in 1974.

Jamaica The British captured the island from Spain in 1655 and became independent in 1962.

Montserrat has been inhabited since 1632 and became a British colony in 1663. France ruled the island twice from 1664 to 1768 and from 1782 to 1784.

St. Christopher and Nevis In 1623, St. Christopher became the first British colony in the Caribbean. It was directly ruled by the British government from 1663, and was briefly occupied by France from 1782 to 1783. In 1882, St. Christopher formed a joint government with the island of Nevis, and in 1983, it became independent and was called St. Kitts and Nevis.

The British captured the island from France in 1778 and returned it to France in 1783. The British re-occupied it twice in 1796 and 1803. In 1814, the British permanently annexed Saint Lucia. In 1979 years of independence.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines were occupied by Britain in 1762 and France from 1779 to 1783. St. Vincent and the Grenadines became independent in 1979.

Trinidad acquired the island from Spain in 1797 and formed a coalition government with Tobago in 1888. Trinidad and Tobago became independent in 1962.

The Turks and Caicos Islands have been inhabited since 1678. The British annexed the islands in 1766. Afterwards, they were successively under the jurisdiction of the colonial governments of Jamaica and the Bahamas, and became an independent colony in 1973.

St. Helena was annexed by the British in 1651. The East India Company began to manage it in 1661. In 1834, the British government began to exercise direct jurisdiction over it.

Tristan da Cunha was occupied by the British Royal Navy in 1816 to protect Napoleon, who was imprisoned on St. Helena in 1815. It became part of St. Helena in 1938. A British colony under the administrative jurisdiction of Lena Island.

Antarctica

British Antarctic Territory The United Kingdom declared sovereignty over the region in 1819, making the United Kingdom the first country in the world to declare sovereignty over the territory of Antarctica.

The United Kingdom acquired part of Antarctica's territory twice in 1908 and 1917. The Antarctic Treaty was formulated in 1959, stipulating that the land within 60° south latitude does not belong to any country, and countries with territories in other parts of Antarctica are prohibited from immigrating here. or engage in other activities unrelated to scientific research.

Asia

Aden The British East India Company captured the port from the Arabs in 1839. In 1858, the East India Company handed over its rule to the British government and became the colonial government of British India. jurisdiction. In 1936 Aden and its hinterland became a separate colonial Aden Protectorate. In 1963, Aden joined the South Arab Federation, which became independent as South Yemen in 1967. After the unification of North and South Yemen in 1990, Aden remained a port city in Yemen.

Bahrain In 1820, the British government signed an agreement with the Emir of Bahrain to turn it into a protectorate. In 1971, Bahrain declared independence.

Bhutan In 1864, the British occupied the border areas of Bhutan through war. In 1911, Bhutan and the British signed a treaty, and Bhutan's foreign policy was implemented by the British, while its internal affairs remained autonomous; in 1947, India After independence, Britain also ended its control of Bhutan.

British New Guinea The British established a protectorate here in 1884. In 1906, it was transferred to Australian management and renamed Papua. In 1949, Papua merged with the rest of New Guinea and became independent Papua New Guinea.

Brunei was declared a protectorate by the United Kingdom in 1888. It was occupied by Japan from 1942 to 1945. In 1983, Brunei became completely independent from British protection.

Myanmar After three wars in 1824, 1852 and 1885, the British occupied the entire territory of Myanmar and placed it under the administrative jurisdiction of the Indian colonial government until 1937. Japan occupied Myanmar from 1942 to 1945, and Myanmar became independent in 1948.

Ceylon is now Sri Lanka. In 1796, the East India Company captured the coastal areas of the island from the Netherlands and handed it over to the British government in 1802. In 1815, the British deposed the king of Ceylon and placed the entire island of Ceylon under British rule. It became independent in 1948. In 1972, the country's name was changed to Sri Lanka.

After the victory of the Opium War in Hong Kong, China, in 1842, Britain acquired Hong Kong Island; in 1860, Britain acquired the Kowloon Peninsula; in 1898, Britain signed a lease with the Qing Dynasty, placing the New Territories under the administration of Hong Kong for a period of 99 years . In 1984, the United Kingdom agreed to return all of Hong Kong to China after the expiration of the New Territories lease. In 1997, the political power was transferred smoothly, and Hong Kong became a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.

British India began in 1609 when the East India Company established immigration strongholds on the coast of India. In 1757, it began to expand its territory inland. Most Indian states maintained autonomy in internal affairs, but they had to obey the orders of the East India Company. Absolute authority. In 1858, the British government officially took over the rule of India, and India gradually became one of the most important British colonies in the world, known as the "jewel in the crown." Since 1876, the British monarch has also been awarded the title of "Emperor of India" or "Queen of India". India became independent in 1947 after splitting into two countries, India and Pakistan; Bangladesh split from Pakistan in 1972.

Iraq Britain occupied Iraq, which was originally owned by Turkey, during World War I. In 1920, it began to administer Iraq under a mandate authorized by the League of Nations. In 1922, Iraq implemented autonomy and became independent in 1932. Britain reoccupied Iraq from 1941 to 1945.

Kuwait Since 1899, the Emir of Kuwait has signed a series of protection treaties with the United Kingdom, losing part of its sovereignty. Kuwait became fully independent in 1961.

Malaya is now West Malaysia.

From 1874 to 1930, Britain signed a series of protection treaties with various Sudans on the Malayan Peninsula; in 1896, some states formed the Malayan Federation. From 1942 to 1945, all of Malaya was occupied by Japan. In 1948 Malaya, excluding Singapore, formed a new federation, including states that had not joined the federation in 1896, and became fully independent in 1957. In 1963, Malaya, Singapore (forced to withdraw from the federation), North Borneo and Sarawak formed Malaysia.

The Maldives Islands were admitted as a British protectorate in 1887 and became independent in 1965.

Palestine: During World War I in 1918, the British occupied the Palestinian territory that was originally owned by Turkey. In 1920, the British began to administer the mandate. In 1948, the British gave up the mandate. After that, decades of conflicts between Jews and Arabs took place. armed conflict. Today most of Palestine is occupied by Israel.

Nepal In 1814, Britain fought a war with the Kingdom of Nepal. After the British victory, special representatives were stationed in the Nepalese court from 1816 to carry out indirect colonial rule over Nepal. After India became independent in 1947, Nepal also Independence was immediately achieved.

North Borneo is now Sabah in East Malaysia. In 1881, the Sultan of Brunei ceded the British colony

to the British North Borneo Company. Since 1906, the British government has directly managed it. From 1942 to 1945, it was Occupied by Japan, it was renamed Sabah and joined Malaysia in 1963.

Oman Britain has controlled Oman's prosperous trade since the early 19th century. In 1891, Oman officially became a British protectorate and became independent in 1971.

Qatar Since 1916, the United Kingdom has signed a series of agreements with the rulers of Qatar, placing Qatar under British protection and becoming independent in 1971.

In 1841, the Sultan of Brunei agreed to appoint James Brooke, an Englishman, as the governor of the region. From 1861 to 1905, Sarawak’s territory continued to expand; from 1942 to 1945, Japan Occupying the region, the British government formally replaced the Brooke family in ruling Sarawak in 1946, and joined Malaysia in 1963.

The Straits Settlements are today’s Malacca, Penang and Singapore. In 1826, these three important port cities were united to form the Straits Settlements, which were administered by the British East India Company. They were administered by the Indian government from 1858 onwards. In 1867, they became an independent colony and were directly managed by the British government. All three cities were occupied by Japan during World War II. Malacca and Penang joined Malaya in 1948 and became independent in 1957. Singapore continued to remain within the territory of the British Empire alone, and was only allowed to be autonomous in 1959. In 1963, Singapore chose to join Malaysia. In 1965, it was forced to withdraw from the federation and declare independence.

Transjordan is now Jordan. In 1918, the British occupied Transjordan, which was once part of the Turkish Province of Jordan, and mandated it from 1920. In 1921, Transjordan was separated from Palestine. In 1923, the British allowed the establishment of the Kingdom of Jordan, but did not allow it to become fully independent until 1946. in the UK.

The Emirate of Trusil is now the United Arab Emirates. Since 1887, Britain has signed a series of protection treaties with local Arab rulers, and became independent in 1971.

Weihai Wei is now Weihai City, Shandong Province, China. The British leased the port to the Chinese government in 1898 and returned it in 1930.

Europe

Cyprus In 1878, Britain signed a treaty with Turkey and obtained the right to rule Cyprus. It officially became a British colony in 1914 and became completely independent in 1960.

The British captured this military fortress in Gibraltar from Spain in 1704. In 1713, Britain and Spain signed a treaty, officially confirming that its sovereignty belongs to the United Kingdom.

Malta In 1800, the British drove away the French who had occupied Malta 2 years earlier, and officially annexed Malta in 1814. Independence in 1964.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British mainland, is the center of the British Empire. Colonial and administrative affairs involving the empire are handled here, and the British monarch, the head of state of the empire, also lives here.

Pacific Region

New South Wales, Australia is the earliest British colony in Australia. In 1770, James Cook proposed to develop the eastern coast of Australia. In 1788, the first British Prisoners were immigrated here to pioneer the land, and a responsible government was established in New South Wales in 1855. In 1824, Queensland became the first colony established by the British in Moreton Bay. It was initially subordinate to the colonial government of New South Wales, and separated in 1859 to establish an independent responsible government. In 1834, the British Parliament decided to establish a new colony in Australia. In 1836, the first batch of British colonists arrived in South Australia. In 1855, a responsible government was established in South Australia. Tasmania was colonized by Europeans as early as 1803. It was first known as Van Diemen's Land and was an administrative region under the colonial government of New South Wales. In 1825, it separated from New South Wales and became an independent British colony. In 1856, a responsible government was established. In 1834, the British from Tasmania settled in Port Phillip. In 1851, the Victoria Colony was established, and a responsible government was established four years later. Western Australia had been colonized since 1826, but responsible government was not established until 1890. In 1901, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia merged to form the Australian Federation, and later obtained the status of a dominion.

The Ellis Islands are now Tuvalu. The islands were declared a protectorate by the United Kingdom in 1892. The Ellis Islands and the Gilbert Islands formed a colony in 1916 and became independent in 1978.

The Gilbert Islands are now Kiribati. It became a British protectorate together with the Ellis Islands in 1892, formed a colony with the Ellis Islands in 1916, and became independent in 1979.

Fiji Missionaries and colonists have settled in Fiji since 1835. In 1874, at the request of the Fijian chief, Britain placed Fiji under its protection and became independent in 1970.

Nauru was originally part of German New Guinea. After the end of World War I, Australia began to administer it under a mandate, which lasted until Nauru became independent in 1968.

James Cook of New Zealand claimed sovereignty over the North Island and South Island of New Zealand in 1769 and 1770 respectively. In 1840, Britain signed a treaty with the local Maori people, and Britain began to rule New Zealand. In 1856, New Zealand was established. government, and later achieved Dominion status.

In 1790, there was a mutiny on the British warship Bounty in the Pitcairn Islands. Nine sailors fled to the island and settled here. In 1838, Britain incorporated it into the empire.

The Solomon Islands became a British protectorate in 1893. They were occupied by Japan during World War II and became independent in 1978.

Tonga The rulers of Tonga signed a treaty of friendship with the United Kingdom in 1879. They were protected by the United Kingdom since 1900 and became independent in 1970.

The New Hebrides were originally independent colonies of Britain and France and became independent in 1980