Who knows the history of Zhoucun?

Zhoucun, a city in Yuling of Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, has developed its commerce since ancient times, and Linzi, the center of Qi State, has declined rapidly since the Spring and Autumn Period. However, as an important city, Yuling in Zhoucun area was the economic and cultural center of Qi until the Tang Dynasty. At that time, Zhoucun silk was shipped back to Chang 'an and exported to Persia and other countries, which was the source of the Northern Silk Road. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhoucun was famous as the "No.1 village in the world" and the earliest commercial port, and developed into the largest commercial center in northern China, with complete town functions, perfect facilities, clear market division and extremely prosperous commerce, and was known as "No.1 village in the world", "Jinzhou village" and "dry dock". Its monthly tax revenue was once equivalent to one year in Shaanxi Province. Zhoucun Dry Dock is as famous as Foshan, Jingdezhen and Zhuxian Town, and is known as one of the four dry docks in China without water connection. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, it was called "Zhoucun Store". Pu Songling once described in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio: "Between Kangxi and Yihai, merchants from Zhoucun gathered, and those who occupied the market, horses and chariots merged." 1775, when Qianlong visited Zhoucun during his southern tour, he named Zhoucun "the first village in the world". 1904, after Zhoucun and the provincial capitals of Jinan and Weixian (now Weifang) were approved by the Qing government as self-opened commercial ports, the business became more prosperous and became a famous commodity distribution center with Luzhong as the center and across the Yangtze River (Yellow River), which was called "Jinzhou Village" and "Golden Week Village" in history. Zhoucun is rich in historical materials, but my ability is limited. I can only choose some of them to show the prosperity of the first village in the world through cultural traditions such as commerce, silk, religion and folk customs. Compared with other regions, Zhoucun's commercial culture is not only universal, but also has a unique historical background and personality. Let's talk about the rise of Zhoucun commercial culture. According to Changshan County Records, in the middle of Ming Dynasty, there were only "300 households" in Zhoucun, but it already had the preconditions for the formation of a market town city. One of the main evidences to prove the early development and high starting point of Zhoucun commerce is the emergence of a professional market named after the streets formed in the early Qing Dynasty, which is very rare in China. In addition to comprehensive street, streets named after specialties include Silk City Street, Silk City Street, Silkworm City Street, Huamian City Street, Rambucheng Street, Netzi City Street, Youfang Street, Youdian Street, Yudian Street, Lime City Street, Tan Shi Street, Tan Xiaocheng Street, Caocao City Street, Bochai City Street, Grain City Street, Leather City Street, Yinzi City Street and Garage Street. Businessmen from Shanxi and Shaanxi were the first people to do business in Zhoucun. It can be inferred from the existing Shanshan Guild Hall on the west side of the gate of the district committee that there were as many Qin Jin businessmen in Zhoucun, mostly engaged in lacquerware, wood products, cotton cloth and other industries. With the expansion of business, banks in Shanxi and Shaanxi have also settled in Zhoucun. Rishengchang, the most influential private bank in China, is located in Pingyao, Shanxi, and its main cabinet in Shandong is located in Jinan. In Zhoucun 100 banks, Shanshan accounts for one third, and most of them are in Yinzishi Street. The "Deqingtang" money house in the north of Yinbei City is owned by Changshan people. There are more than 60 banks on both sides of the street nearly 300 meters to the south. Strong doors and small windows protect money, which is the architectural feature of this street. Then came the merchants from Huguang, wuyue, Manchuria and Mongolia, the most influential of which was the Oriental merchants, who developed from the old army in Zhangqiu County through Zhoucun to the Meng family in the whole country. For example, Qianxiangyi, Ruifuxiang, Ruilinxiang, Ruishengxiang, Yuanxiang, Fuxiang, Chunhexiang and Quanxiang. , which is famous all over the country, deals in all kinds of commodities, from silk and cotton cloth to tea and groceries, such as hoes, grinders, cooks, brooms and pancakes, and has its own independent bank. Especially after the opening of the port, nearly 300,000 square meters of Zhoucun, which stretches from Dongmen to Taihezhuang in the east and Ji Jiao Railway in the south, has been designated as a foreign investment zone. The number of foreign companies in Germany, Japan and the United States has rapidly increased to more than 100. Later, many foreign companies poured into the streets and other lots with prosperous commerce and trade, and took the lead in establishing electric light companies and Judas flour mills. Judas flour mill is a German-funded enterprise, which has been supplying Jinan, Beijing and other places since liberation. Zhoucun silk is the source of the northern land and sea silk road since the Han and Tang Dynasties. At that time, weaving silks and satins in Zhoucun became a common practice. There is a folk song that accurately describes the scene at that time, saying that Zhoucun "has mulberry plants all over the countryside, and every family raises silkworms. When they hear the sound of machines step by step, they weave silks and satins everywhere". Silk, silk, silk, satin and silk are distributed in Zhoucun, which has promoted the prosperity of other handicrafts and businesses. Silk Market Street is a professional market for raw silk trading and satin wholesale. Larger silk shops include Yonghe Silk Shop, Yonghe Jinji Silk Shop, Tonghe Silk Shop, Henghe Silk Shop, Tongsheng Silk Shop, Fuyuan Silk Shop, Tongtai Silk Shop, Renhe Silk Shop and Taifeng Silk Shop. Most of them have facade rooms, accounting rooms, trading halls, guest rooms, canteens and "horse numbers" for parking cars and horses. Larger silk shops include Yumaogong Silk Shop, Qianxianghe Silk Wholesale Store, and about 2,500 factories and workshops such as Yuhoutang Silk Factory and Huacheng Silk Factory. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhoucun silk was mainly sold to Guangdong, Guangxi, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Henan, Hebei, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Northeast China, Beijing and Tianjin. Yuan Shikai's "dragon robe" was woven by Zhou Cun and presented as a tribute. Foreign countries are mainly sold to Russia, Mongolia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Southeast Asia, and a small amount to Europe and America. Zhoucun is rich in human resources and profound in cultural heritage. Pu Songling, the world-famous king of short stories, once taught in Zhoucun Summer Palace for 33 years, during which he created a famous collection of short stories, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. The folk culture of Zhoucun is rich in connotation and diverse in forms, the most famous of which is Zhoucun Core, which can be called "a must in China". According to legend, Grandma Tai 'an's maiden is Zhoucun, so every year on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, there will be a grand welcome party, and the juggling club will be endless, with a sea of people and a lot of excitement. Many children couldn't see the lively scene inside, so they cried and shouted, and others carried them on their shoulders. Inspired by folk artists, they invented the core form, so that people far away can clearly see the content of the performance. In terms of the number of nuclear carriers, it can be divided into eight nuclear and sixteen cores; From the point of view of the core forms of play, there are many kinds of cores, such as single core, dual core, three-person core and multi-person core. For example, there are as many as nine people in the core of "Water-filled Jinshan", including White Snake, Green Snake, Xu Xian, Fahai and the surrounding soldiers and crabs. Because most of them are based on Geely's legends or dramas, a folk cultural expression form combining acrobatics with traditional Chinese opera performances has been formed. However, from the whole set of modular display contents, that is, the complete system of cloud lanterns, flag umbrella fans, gongs and drums sheds and figures, is the product of silk culture, and it can also be said that it is a performance of silk costumes, which confirms the development of silk culture in Zhoucun. Zhoucun Lantern also originated from the silk culture of Zhoucun. It began in Qin and Han Dynasties, flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is famous for its beautiful shape, vivid image, diverse forms and small size. It is the representative of "Zhongyuan Lantern" in the three headlight systems formed by Sichuan, Harbin and Zhongyuan in China. There is a saying that "Central Plains lanterns look at Shandong, and Shandong lanterns are in Zhoucun". Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty made a private visit incognito, and when he saw the wonderful lanterns in Zhoucun, he was so happy that he splashed ink and gave him the five characters "the first village in the world". The novelty of Zhoucun Lantern Festival is that the streets where lanterns are placed are covered with colorful silks and satins, which block all the sunshine, make the daytime lights in the lamp shed drag like night, and increase the effect of watching lanterns. Mr. Zheng, a famous scholar in Taiwan Province, wrote an article on 1930 describing the scene in detail. The prosperity of Zhoucun folk culture promoted the production of brass instruments. There are dozens of such workshops in Zhoucun Zhuangyuan New Street, which makes Zhoucun gongs and drums famous. It was used exclusively by four famous Peking Opera artists. The music "Dongfanghong" played by China's first artificial satellite used a chime made by Zhoucun Ludong Musical Instrument Factory. Car lights are also a form of expression created by Zhoucun people. Others, such as stilts, dragon lanterns, lion dances, dry boats and flower poles, all exude a strong local flavor. The lion performance in Xitang Village won the Silver Award in East China. Deng Hongshan's troupe is the ancestral home of Wuyin Opera, and often performs in Xia Nanhe and Zhoucun Le Tong Theatre, becoming one of the top 100 troupes in China. The pentatonic drama "Wang Xiao gan jiao" is more popular. "As soon as I hear the sound of gongs and drums, the cakes are pasted on the doorframes", which vividly expresses the people's feelings of loving children's classes and being fascinated by their hometown dramas. Lu opera, which originated from dulcimer singing, is also a popular form. There are various religions and buildings in Zhoucun, and Chinese and foreign religions, Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism complement each other and are very distinctive. The earliest existing cultural relic is the stone carving of Manichaeism, the ancient Persian religion, preserved in the ancient Kuixingge complex, which is also the strongest evidence that Zhoucun is the source of the Northern Silk Road. Kuixing Pavilion, which stands at the southern end of Yinzishi Street, is an excellent building built in the second year of Qing Daoguang to encourage people to study hard. There are more than 30 temples and hundreds of houses, including Tianhou Palace, Baoshiyu Temple, Arctic Pavilion, Jade Emperor Pavilion, Thousand Buddha Pavilion, Zhunti Temple, Samsung Temple and Monkey Temple. Tianhou Palace, like Mazu Tempel in Macau, was originally designed to commemorate Poseidon. Due to the increase of merchants in Huguang and the close relationship with the "dry dock", Zhoucun also built a magnificent Tianhou Palace. Suyi Temple is modeled after Taishan Palace, with red walls and blue tiles, which is very spectacular. Because there are many businessmen in Shanxi, there are hundreds of Guan Gong temples, large and small, all over the streets.