Fengdu Ghost Town in China Classical Literature

"Ghost Town" Fengdu was called "Bazi Biedu" in ancient times. In the Eastern Han Dynasty and the second year of Yongyuan, a county was established, which was called "ghost country Kyoto" and "underworld" in history. It is the legendary destination of the dead, a treasure house of folk culture and art that integrates Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and is known as "the hometown of divine comedy" and "the capital of human soul" in China.

geological

Ching Dynasty

Tongzhi eight years (1869) County boundaries:

The north shore borders Zhongzhou in the east, Zhongzhou and Dianjiang in the north and Fuling in the northwest.

The south bank connects Fuling in the southwest, Pengshui in the south and Shizhu and Lichuan in Hubei in the southeast.

Republic of China period

County boundaries in the thirty years of the Republic of China:

It is connected to Zhongxian in the east, Dianjiang in the north, Fuling in the west, Pengshui and Shizhu in the south, Qianjiang in the southeast and Lichuan in Hubei in the east.

In July of 3 1 year in the Republic of China, mangshi and Shishi counties crossed each other:

Shizhu County handed over guarantees 12, 15 in Huhai Township, 1 4 in Jiangchi Township, 1 8 in Changpo Township and 9 in Saiya Skirt Township to Du Fu County; *** 15 insurance, 163A, 1765 households with 9044 people.

Fourth area Qiaotou, Zhong Yi, Longsha, Sanhui, He Zi, Xixin, Lixin, Shazi and Jinling were placed in Shizhu County of Du Fu, with Qiliaoba in Wuping Township as the first insurance, Dejian Township as the sixth to fourteenth insurance, Ping 'an Township as the third, fourth and fifth guarantees, and Taiping Township as the first to fifth guarantees. *** 1 district, 9 townships, 69 insurance companies, 63 1 A, 7276 households, 37285 people.

In June165438+1October of the same year, Midu County embedded Chongxing Township in Maanshan, Fuling County and handed it over to Sanhui Township, Fuling County. Insurance 1, 40 households, 148 persons.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China

August 1952 boundary adjustment of flower arrangement in Zhongyong and Yongyong counties;

It belongs to Yang Xiu and Taiji Township, with 5826 households and 22659 people in Zhongxian County.

Loyal to Honghe Township, 4- 14 villages were assigned to Du Fu County, with ***2074 households and 8940 people.

In the same year, in June 5438+10, Zhongxian County was inserted into groups 1, 8 and 9 of Hongmiao Village, Guantang Village, Qili Village, Longtou Village and Xinkai Village in Shi Zhi Township of Midu County, with * *1073 households and 4,278 people.

1September, 1963, Fengdu County was subordinate to Dianjiang County of Fengsheng Commune, with 4 production brigades, 23 production teams, 593 households, 209 1 person.

So far, the east-west width of Fengdu County is 7 1, 76 kilometers, and the north-south length is 79, 85 kilometers, with a total area of 290 1, 16 square kilometers. Borders are: Xialu District in Shizhu County in the east, Houping Commune in Wulong County and Tang Di Commune in Pengshui County in the south, Luo Yun and Longju Commune in Fuling County in the west, Qingkou and Peixing Commune in Dianjiang County in the north, and Renjia and Miaoya Commune in Zhongxian County in the north.

history

Mingshan Town, formerly Fengdu County, is located in the middle of the county, on the north bank of the Yangtze River, at the south foot of Mingshan and Shuanggui Mountain, with the latitude of 29 53' north and longitude of 65 438+007 42' east, and the altitude of160m. Its land was called Fengminzhou in ancient times, and it was called "Bazi Biedu" around it. Since the establishment of the county in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it has been the seat of county administration and has been temporarily relocated three times. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were years of wars, and the government houses were completely destroyed. In the early Qing Dynasty, there was a county magistrate who lived in Gaojia Town. In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660), the magistrate of a county began to rebuild the county government at Xuanhuamen in the old city. Tongzhi for nine years (1870) was destroyed by the Yangtze River flood. In the eleventh year, Fujiapu built a new city, and the county government moved six wells to the new city. In the third year of Guangxu (1877), Lu Rong, the magistrate of a county, resumed the old rule and the county moved back. In 29 years, in order to avoid the Japanese bombing, the county government moved to Maliuzui, and two years later moved to the restoration place. The office is located in today's commercial road, which was the resident of the county people's government after liberation.

In the 20th year of the Republic of China, the county seat was located in Mingshan Town, and the administrative office was located in Basheng Palace (now the meat joint factory) at the southern foot of Mingshan. In 29 years of the Republic of China, Pingdu Town was established in the upper part, and its administrative office was located in Sheng Qiao Palace (now a social welfare home) at the southern foot of Shuanggui Mountain. In 35 years, Mingshan and Pingdu were merged into wu yun zhen, and in 36 years, Mingshan and Pingdu were restored. 1950, 10, the two towns merged into Chengguan Town; September 195 10, changed to chengguan district; 1June, 956, renamed as Chengguan Town; /kloc-0 changed its name to shanzhen town in July, 1980, and its office is located in Zhongshan Road today.

There is only one river street in Gufeng Capital. In the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (137 1), Quanshi County in Gui Zhong was in the summer, and the county was relatively simple, and then gradually expanded its street houses in the direction of famous mountains and Shuanggui Mountain; In the fourth year of Tianshun (1460), Chai Jiancheng, a magistrate of a county, and Hongzhi years, Li Yi, a magistrate, and the Ming gentry rebuilt the city wall, with five gates: Southeast Xuanhua Gate, Dongyingen Gate (also known as Shouzhi Gate), Nanhuichuan Gate (also known as Gate) and Xiyanghe Gate (also known as Daximen). In addition, four small gates will be built, namely, Dongshuimen, Xishuimen, Xiaodongmen and Xiaoximen. During the periods of Shunzhi, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu, the city walls were repaired, and the number of yamen, private houses, shops, schools and temples in the city increased year by year.

In the early years of the Republic of China, houses were built inside and outside the city, but the streets were narrow. /kloc-From 0/8 to 20 years of the Republic of China, the Chen Lanting Garrison set up the Highway Bureau, demolished the city walls and some houses to widen the streets, and built a three-way cement pavement with a width of more than 20 feet. The main street from the monument to the park is four feet wide, nearly a mile long and straight. Trees are planted neatly on both sides of the streets of the city, and the houses are made of brick and wood. Generally, shops are opened downstairs and homes are built upstairs.

After liberation, the number of multi-storey buildings increased year by year. In addition to various organs, shops, banks, county and township primary and secondary schools, there are mustard tuber, brewing, canned food and other factories. Generally, they are reinforced concrete structures, with grindstones on the ground and tiles embedded in some facades. The street is paved with cement, and the houses on the street are solid settlements, with an urban area of 0.92 square kilometers, which looks like a knife crossing the river. There is a bus station in the northwest of the city, and there is a shuttle bus to Dianjiang, Shizhu and Fuling in the county and neighboring counties every day; There is a wharf outside the South Ring Road, the business district and Guan Yi Gate, 52km west to Fuling and Chongqing, 476km east to Yichang,1102km to Wuhan, and ships can pass day and night. Mingshan Town, with a population of more than 20,000 people, is the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the county.

Character; Role; letter

To find out that Fengdu was misinformed as a ghost town, the earliest historical origin probably comes from the fact that the first generation of ghost emperor Tubo of Bashu Bianqiang tribe lived in a "ghost country".

According to some historians' research, Bashu Bianqiang tribe originally lived in Tianshui area in southern Gansu. Due to the great climate change in China from the 10th century BC to the 9th century BC, the climate was warmer in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, but it quickly deteriorated. During the week recorded in the Bamboo Book, the Hanshui River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, was frozen twice in 903 BC and 897 BC respectively, and then there was a great drought. This means that there was a cold period in the tenth century BC, which lasted for about one or two centuries, and it didn't get warmer until the Spring and Autumn Period. Because of this cold period, the Di people who originally lived in Longnan and distributed at the junction of Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan today moved southward on a large scale. One of them went down to the Hanshui Valley to form an alliance with the Ba tribe. Today, there is Fancheng in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, which should be one of the Fan surnames in the process of the migration of Di nationality to the south. Another "Banton" crossed the Jialing River valley and moved to northern Sichuan and northeastern Sichuan, including the tribes of the Bianqiang family.

Frontier tribes moved south and east to today's Hubei and Xiangxi; South to western Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan.

The activity center of Ba people mainly lived in Hanshui River valley from Yin Shang to Spring and Autumn Period, and then moved westward to Sichuan due to the invasion of Chu. After entering Sichuan, Pakistan was established. When it was strong, southeast Sichuan and Xiangxi were its southern boundaries. The Shubian Qiang tribe in Cuba is also known as the two tribes of the ghost family. In the long-term communication, because everyone believes in ghosts and witches, a primitive religious god-Tubo, known as the first generation ghost emperor of Bashu clan, has emerged. This ghost emperor lives in Youdu. Huai Nan Zi written by Gao in the Eastern Han Dynasty. "Falling Shape" said: "Ancient seclusion is in the north of Yanmen." A "quiet capital" and a "north of Yanmen" are difficult to explain. The ancient secluded places are all in Youzhou, and Yanmen refers to Yanmenguan area in Shanxi; However, it is impossible for the Bashu border strong ghost clan to be in the north, so some people think that this "north of Yanmen" is in today's Sichuan. Fengdu was once the capital of Bashu in ancient times, and was later called the "quiet capital" of "ghost country". This "ghost country secluded capital" probably means "ghost home capital".

Ghosts believe in witches There must be witchcraft; The ghost family has primitive religion, so it is necessary to establish a god, that is, the first generation of ghost emperor, and Tubo is therefore called the first god to cross the earth in ancient style.

Some people may think this is nonsense, but later Zhang Daoling founded the "Five-door Rice Road" in Sichuan, also known as the "Ghost Road", and Zhang Tianshi absorbed the witchcraft of the low Qiang tribe as his own magic to exorcise ghosts and treat diseases; Later, Taoism named Du Feng as one of the ghosts, which was intrinsically related to the fact that the first generation of ghost emperors in Bashu lived in ancient Du Feng.

Fengdu self-help tour introduction

Take a bus from Chaotianmen. After a long life-Fuling-Fengdu. It takes almost three hours to get there. Chongqing-Fuling section is a full expressway, and Fuling-Fengdu is a secondary highway. The toll is around 60 yuan. You can also go to Fengdu directly by boat, where you can enjoy the river view leisurely. When you get to Fengdu, it depends on how you play. The first thing you must play is the famous mountain in the ghost town, where there are many interesting things. The tickets are not very good. In the evening, stay in Xinyuan County. Hotels there are not expensive for one night. The star-rated Hongsheng Hotel is about 170 a night. If you think it's high, it's cheap. One night in 50 yuan, TV, toilet and air conditioner are also available to ensure your peace of mind and delicious food.

The next day, I visited Fengdu New County. Now this newly-built new county is almost the same as the main city of Chongqing. Look at the people in the Three Gorges immigrant reservoir area, and build their hometown so beautifully. It is not difficult to sigh how great the Three Gorges immigrants are! After the transfer, you must go to a place, which is the famous Yu Xue Cave. That place is a paradise on earth and a wonderful sculpture of nature.

Transcribe a famous sentence of Zhu De's predecessors, and use the lone vine netizen * * *: Encourage:

Comrade Zhu De praised the poem in Qixingyan:

The seven stars descended from the earth, and the fairy posture was really climbing. Living on high places for a long time is still a crown.

If you are happy, you will see courage, and anyone can drill if his belly is broken.

Some people say that the height of life is based on his/her endurance, which makes sense.