The story of a mathematician is more than 600 words

『一』 The story of a mathematician in 70 words

Hua Luogeng was born in Jiangsu Province. He liked mathematics since he was a child and was very smart.

In 1930, 19-year-old Hua Luogeng went to Tsinghua University to study. During his four years at Tsinghua University, Hua Luogeng studied hard under the guidance of Professor Xiong Qinglai and published more than a dozen papers. Later, he was sent to study in the UK and received a doctorate.

A reporter asked him during an interview: "What is your greatest wish?" He replied without thinking: "Work until the last day."

『二』 Mathematician A short story

1. Chen Jingrun:

Chen Jingrun is a famous mathematician in my country. He doesn't like to go to the park or walk on the road, he just likes to study. When he was studying, he often forgot to eat and sleep. One day, when Chen Jingrun was having lunch, he touched his head and found that his hair was too long. He should get it straightened quickly, otherwise, if people saw it, they would think he was a big girl. So he put down his job and ran to the barber shop.

In his youth, he conducted in-depth and detailed research on the work of Liu Xin, Zhang Heng, Wang Fan, Liu Hui and others, and refuted their mistakes. After that, he continued to study and researched in science and technology. He has made extremely valuable contributions in this area. The pi ratio, which is accurate to the sixth digit after the decimal point, is one of his most outstanding achievements. In terms of astronomical calendar, he has collected all the information that can be collected from ancient times to the time of his life. He sorted out all the literature and conducted in-depth verification through personal observation and calculation. He pointed out that the calendar compiled by He Chengtian (370-447 AD), which was popular at the time, had many serious errors. So he began to compile it. Another new calendar.

『三』 The Story of a Mathematician, 500 words

"The Story of a Mathematician" is a book published by Sichuan University Press in 2009. The author is Sun Jian. Through touching and interesting historical examples of mathematicians and some major events in the history of mathematics, this book allows students to understand the lives and mathematical achievements of outstanding Chinese and foreign mathematicians in history, and to feel the rigorous scholarship and perseverance of the exploration spirit of the predecessors.

『四』 A 600-word review of famous anecdotes of mathematicians!

You are a high school student, so am I.

This is the answer I got from my question

I read a book called "Mathematics" "Family Story" tells the stories of many famous people in mathematics. For example, Pythagoras, Archimedes, Gauss... Among them, the story about Zu Chongzhi interests me the most.

Zu Chongzhi was a great scientist during the Southern and Northern Dynasties of my country. His calculation of pi yielded very accurate results. This article talks about how Zu Chongzhi finally wrote the "Da Ming Calendar" after a long period of compilation. He wrote to the emperor requesting its promulgation and implementation. The emperor ordered Dai Faxing, his favorite minister in charge of astronomy and calendar, to conduct a review. However, Dai Faxing was conservative in his thinking and a defender of decadent forces. He strongly opposed the new calendar. Faced with Dai Faxing's difficulties and attacks, Zu Chongzhi refused to give in and argued with him verbally. In the end, the "Da Ming Calendar" was not passed. Later, 10 years after Zu Chongzhi's death, the "Da Ming Calendar" was promulgated and implemented.

After reading this story, I admire Zu Chongzhi’s unyielding spirit. It is precisely because of his spirit that he can persevere. Yes, to achieve success in anything, the word "persistence" is indispensable. I couldn't help but think of many people, including cultural celebrities and patriotic soldiers. Why don't they have such a spirit?

Reading "The Story of a Mathematician" made me like mathematics even more, and it also made me understand a lot of truths. In fact, learning mathematics is not difficult. Gauss, the prince of mathematics, once had three secrets: 1. Be good at observation 2. Be good at doing things 3. Be good at thinking.

In fact, as long as we love mathematics, we will definitely learn mathematics well! If we work as hard as our mathematical forefathers, we will definitely have new breakthroughs in mathematics!

OK?

"Wu" A short story about ten mathematicians

Talk about a heavyweight named von Neumann who once participated in the manufacture of atomic bombs and built modern computers The architecture produced the first reliable modern numerical weather forecasts. He is also one of the most outstanding mathematicians of the 20th century. He has an extraordinary memory and can quote verbatim the "Encyclopedia Britannica" or "A Tale of Two Cities" that he spent 15 years ago. At the same time, his mental arithmetic skills are also very good. Below we learn more about him through several stories.

But such an interesting person who made important contributions to the world died young. He died in the United States in 1957 at the age of 54. When we use computers today and look at weather forecasts, we must remember that behind them are the contributions of these mathematicians and scientists, who make the world a better place.

"Lu" Stories of 6 mathematicians (preferably no more than 50 words)

Mathematics Chen Jingrun’s short story

Mathematician Chen Jingrun is thinking about the problem While walking, I bumped into a tree trunk and said, "I'm sorry, I'm sorry." Without raising my head, I continued to think.

The short story of the mathematician Rudolf

The 16th-century German mathematician Rudolf spent his whole life calculating pi to 35 decimal places, and later generations called him Rudolf. After his death, others engraved this number on his tombstone.

The short story of the mathematician Jacob Bernoulli

The Swiss mathematician Jacob Bernoulli, who studied spirals (known as the thread of life) during his lifetime, died. After that, a logarithmic spiral was engraved on the tombstone, and the inscription also read: "Although I have changed, I am still the same as before." This is a pun that both captures the nature of the spiral and symbolizes his love of mathematics.

Archimedes was born in Syracuse, Sicily, at the southern tip of the Italian peninsula in 287 BC. His father is a mathematician and astronomer. Archimedes had a good family upbringing since he was a child. At the age of 11, he was sent to Alexandria, the cultural center of Greece at that time, to study. In this famous city known as the "City of Wisdom", Archimedes read widely and absorbed a lot of knowledge. He also became a disciple of Euclid's students Eratoses and Canon, and studied "Elements of Geometry" .

A short story about the mathematician Jacob Bernoulli

The Swiss mathematician Jacob Bernoulli, who studied spirals (known as the thread of life) during his lifetime, died. After that, a logarithmic spiral was engraved on the tombstone, and the inscription also read: "Although I have changed, I am still the same as before." This is a pun that both captures the nature of the spiral and symbolizes his love of mathematics.

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『撒』 Urgently looking for stories about mathematicians and the history of mathematics! ! ! ! ! One article should be no less than 600 words, and five articles are required

Archimedes (287 BC - 212 BC), the great ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, and physicist Archimedes

Home. Born in Syracuse, Sicily. Archimedes visited Alexandria. It is said that he invented the Archimedes screw pump while he was living in Alexandria, which is still in use in Egypt today. During the Second Punic War, the Roman army besieged Syracuse, and Archimedes died at the hands of Roman soldiers.

Archimedes was born in the ancient city of Syracuse on the southeastern tip of Sicily, Greece. At that time, the glorious culture of ancient Greece had gradually declined, and the economic and cultural center gradually moved to Alexandria in Egypt; but on the other hand, the emerging Roman Empire on the Italian peninsula was also constantly expanding its power; there was also a new country in North Africa, Carthage. The foundation rises. Archimedes grew up in this era of alternation between old and new forces, and the ancient city of Syracuse became a place of struggle for many forces. Archimedes' father was an astronomer and mathematician, so he was influenced by his family since he was a child and loved mathematics very much.

When he was about nine years old, his father sent him to study in Alexandria, Egypt. Alexandria was the intellectual and cultural center of the world at that time, with a large concentration of scholars. Research in literature, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine was very developed. Archimedes was Here he studied with many famous mathematicians, including the famous geometry master Euclid, which laid the foundation for his future scientific research.

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Zeno lived in the city-state of Aelia in ancient Greece. He was a student and friend of Parmenides, a famous philosopher of the Eleatic school. There is a lack of reliable written records about his life. In his dialogue "Parmenides", Plato describes a visit by Zeno and Parmenides to Athens in the mid-5th century BC. It says: "Parmenides was already old, about 65 years old. His hair was very white, but he was handsome. Zeno was about 40 years old at that time. He was tall and beautiful. People said that he had become Parmenides' favorite. "According to the opinions of subsequent Zeno Greek writers, this visit was a fiction by Plato. However, Zeno's views described by Plato in his books are generally considered to be quite accurate. It is believed that Zeno defended Parmenides' "Ontology". But unlike his teacher who tried to prove from the front that existence is "one" and not "many", and that it is "quiet" and not "movement", he often used reductio ad absurdum to prove from the negative: "If there are many things, there will be The hypothesis of 'one' leads to even more ridiculous results." He used the same method to cleverly construct some arguments about motion. These discussions of his are the so-called "Zeno's Paradox". Zeno wrote a book called "On Nature". In Plato's "Parmenides", when Zeno talked about his work, he said: "I wrote this piece because of the competitiveness of my youth. After it was written, people stole it, so that I can't decide whether It should be allowed to come out." Proclus, a commentator in the 5th century AD, said in his commentary on this passage that Zeno launched 40 various theories starting from the assumptions of "many" and movement. A different paradox. Zeno's works have been lost for a long time. Aristotle's "Physics" and Simplicius's annotations for "Physics" are the main basis for understanding Zeno's paradox. In addition, there are A few scattered fragments can provide supporting evidence. There are at least eight existing Zeno paradoxes, among which the four paradoxes about motion are particularly famous. Regarding the death of Zeno, there is a widely circulated story with different opinions on the circumstances. It is said that Zeno was arrested, tortured, and executed for conspiring against the tyrant of Aelia (another theory is Syracuse).

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Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872 —1970), British philosopher, mathematician, and logician. After graduating from Trinity College, Cambridge University, he stayed at the school to teach. He came to China to give lectures in 1920. From 1938 to 1944, he lectured at the University of Chicago and the University of California. Won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950. In philosophy, he was a neo-realist in the early 20th century and proposed logical atomism and neutral monism in the early 20th century. In mathematics, I have been engaged in research on mathematical logic and mathematical foundations. The "Russell's Paradox" named after him had a major impact on the foundation of mathematics in the 20th century. It and the logical type theory proposed in Whitehead's masterpiece "Principles of Mathematics" successfully solved many problems including Russell's Paradox. Paradox, and became a landmark work in the history of human mathematics and mathematical logic. It was this masterpiece that gave Russell a high reputation. In terms of education, he advocates free education and believes that the basic purpose of education should be to cultivate the four qualities of "vitality, courage, sensitivity, and wisdom". Politically, he opposed aggressive wars and advocated pacifism.

Important works include "Principles of Philosophy", "Philosophical Issues", "Analysis of Mind", "Analysis of Objects", "History of Western Philosophy", "On Education", etc.

Biography

Bertrand Arthur William Russell (1872-1970), a famous bourgeois thinker and social activist in the 20th century, wrote a lot of books in his life. More than 40 books, more papers or other articles. His achievements in many aspects have profoundly influenced Western philosophy. Lonely Childhood On May 18, 1872, Russell was born into an aristocratic family in Trelake, Monmouthshire, England. His grandfather, Earl John Russell, twice served as Prime Minister and was a leader in the effort to pass the British Reform Act of 1832. His mother died when Russell was two years old, followed about a year later by his father and sister. Grandparents and grandparents voluntarily assumed the responsibility of raising children. Russell's grandmother had liberal political views and often taught Russell to reflect on his own thoughts and actions. His grandmother was a devout Puritan, and his strict and simple upbringing made Russell depressed. He had to bathe in cold water every morning. The adults never gave him fruit or drank beer. Therefore, Russell was introverted when he was a boy. He was not sent to school. He went to school and was taken care of by foreign nannies and tutors since he was a child. He learned German, French and Italian. Russell's grandfather had a library with an extremely rich collection of books. He often hid in it to absorb extensive knowledge in literature, history, geography, etc. He had the habit of thinking diligently, which was undoubtedly influenced by his grandmother. He himself admitted that since he was five years old, he felt bored with life and often stayed alone in the garden. Sometimes he even had suicidal thoughts because of boredom. Russell's childhood life was characterized by his loneliness, arrogance, suspicion, changeable personality and The unique formation of dependent thoughts provides the neural factors and original soil for birth. When Russell was 11 years old, he studied Euclidean geometry with his older brother. At that time, he could only accept the definitions, but doubted the reliability of the axioms. This doubt determines the style and goal of Russell's philosophical career, which is to explore the certainty and doubtfulness of "how much and to what extent we can know" in a skeptical and cautious style. In October 1890, Russell was admitted to Trinity College of Cambridge University, thus entering an educational field with fresh air and active thinking. However, the teacher had little influence on him, but the interactions with his classmates benefited him deeply. Soon, he got acquainted with famous figures in the school such as Whitehead, Moore, MacTaggart, economist Keynes and others, and soon he became the most popular one among them. In his third year, although Russell passed the degree examination with honors, he vowed never to study mathematics again, which only focused on skills but not on basic theoretical proofs, and switched to philosophy. He was determined to establish a philosophical system like Hegel and devote himself to the cause of philosophy. When Russell just graduated from university, he was deeply convinced of the philosophy of Hegel and Kant. In 1893, he wrote a mathematical philosophy paper "On the Foundations of Geometry" in an attempt to repair Kant's theory that the form of space and time is an a priori synthetic judgment. This qualified him as a Fellow of Cambridge University. At that time, German mathematical theory was very advanced and a fundamental change was brewing. When Russell thoroughly mastered these theories, he categorically gave up his long-advocated idealist views and turned to realism, determined to seek a correct mathematical theory. In July 1900, he met Pino, the founder of symbolic logic. After Russell read Pino's works, he felt that many questions suddenly had answers. In October of the same year, he co-wrote "Principles of Mathematics" with Whitehead, which was published in three volumes in 1910, 1911 and 1912. This book is epoch-making in the history of logical development. From then on, logic became independent from philosophy. Later, German universities included mathematical logic in mathematics departments. All this proves Russell's special status. Russell discovered that in the process of people trying to use logic to lay a theoretical foundation for mathematics, a basic concept "general category" that was often used to explain other concepts was self-contradictory. From this, he established the theory of "paradox", also known as "Russell's Paradox". In order to confirm the "Russell Paradox", many mathematicians and logicians have proposed various theoretical solutions, but none of them can explain it. Russell himself also interrupted the writing of "Principles of Mathematics" to conduct further research on it. Later he proposed "type theory" to explain this phenomenon.

"Type theory" also had a great influence. It prompted mathematicians to understand the importance of certain words and semantic research, and also gave birth to another philosophical thought of Russell himself, that is, the principle of logical atomism. The basic argument of Russell's logical atomism is that the world is composed of some simple special facts, which have only simple properties and simple relationships between each other. Therefore, the way to understand the essence of any thing or subject is to analyze until there is no trace. to reanalyzable "logical atoms". Logical atoms are not small particles of matter, but the so-called concepts that make up things. Russell's theory had a huge influence on the Vienna Circle that emerged in the mid-1920s and the logical semantics that emerged in the 1930s. The more important thing in Russell's philosophical thought is his "neutral monism". The general idea is that the material that makes up the world is neither pure mind nor pure matter, nor the binary opposition of mind and matter, but something that is neither mind nor matter, and has a neutral attitude towards both mind and matter. This kind of neutral thing sometimes refers to events, and sometimes it refers to sense organs and materials. This "world material" is the most primitive thing that constitutes the mind. These views are reflected in his two works "Analysis of Objects" and "Analysis of Mind" completed in 1921. Russell has always been keen on discussing political theory and actively participated in various political activities. As early as 1895, after his first marriage, he traveled to the European continent with his wife. He studied the economy and the democracy of German society, and praised the "Communist Manifesto" and the three volumes of "Das Kapital" as extremely rich. A great masterpiece of literary talent. At that time, he had contacts with the leaders of the Social Democratic Party and Marxists Bebel and Liebknecht. During World War I, he was active in anti-war activities. He joined the Anti-Draft Association, delivered a series of speeches calling for peace, and offered sincere help to those who refused to participate in criminal wars. In 1916, he was fined 100 pounds for writing an anti-war leaflet. When he refused to pay, the court auctioned off his books at Cambridge University as collateral. He was subsequently dismissed from his teaching position at Trinity College. In 1918, he wrote an editorial for an anti-war newspaper and was imprisoned for six months for "insulting the Allies." Because of his reputation, he was sentenced to write and study in a small cell in Brixton Prison. After the war, Russell visited the Soviet Union and met with Lenin, Trotsky, and Gorky. He expressed sympathy for the goals of communist beliefs, but also expressed concerns about the Soviet political and social way of life. In August 1920, Russell visited China. He always sympathized with the oppressed peoples. In the Anglo-Boer War, he sided with the Boers, for which he was extremely isolated among the British aristocracy

Bornhard Riemann, German mathematician and physicist. Born on September 17, 1826 in Breslenz, Hanover, and died on July 20, 1866 in Senasca, Italy. In 1846, he entered the University of G?ttingen to study theology and philosophy, and later switched to mathematics. During his college years, he went to the University of Berlin for two years and was influenced by C.G.J. Jacobi and P.G.L. Dirichlet. Returned to G?ttingen in 1849. Received doctorate in 1851. In 1854 he became a lecturer at the University of G?ttingen, and in 1859 he succeeded Dirichlet as professor. In 1851, he demonstrated the necessary and sufficient conditions for the differentiability of complex variable functions (ie, the Cauchy-Riemann equation). The Riemann mapping theorem was elaborated with the help of Dirichlet's principle, which became the basis of the geometric theory of functions. In 1853, he defined the Riemann integral and studied the convergence criteria of trigonometric series. In 1854, he carried forward Gauss's research on differential geometry of curved surfaces, proposed using the concept of manifold to understand the essence of space, and using the positive definite quadratic form determined by the square of the length of a differential arc to understand measurement, established the concept of Riemannian space, and combined Euclidean Geometry and non-Euclidean geometry were included in his system. The research paper on Abelian functions published in 1857 introduced the concept of Riemann surfaces, brought the theory of Abelian integrals and Abelian functions to a new turning point and conducted systematic research. Among them, Riemann surfaces were studied in depth from the perspectives of topology, analysis, and algebraic geometry. He created a series of concepts that had a profound impact on the development of algebraic topology, and clarified the Riemann-Rohe theorem that was later supplemented by G. Rohe.

Edit the main results of this paragraph

In a paper on the distribution of prime numbers published in 1858, the Riemann zeta function was studied and the integral expression of the zeta function was given and it satisfies Functional equation, he proposed the famous Riemann Hypothesis which remains unsolved to this day. In addition, he made significant contributions to partial differential equations and their applications in physics. He even made important contributions to physics itself, such as thermal science, electromagnetic non-transdistance action and shock wave theory. Riemann's work directly affected the development of mathematics in the second half of the 19th century. Many outstanding mathematicians re-demonstrated the theorems asserted by Riemann. Under the influence of Riemann's ideas, many branches of mathematics achieved brilliant achievements. Riemann first proposed new ideas and new methods to study number theory using the function theory of complex variables, especially the ζ function, which created a new era of analytic number theory and had a profound impact on the development of function theory of single complex variables.

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Brook Taylor

Early 18th century The British mathematician Brook Taylor, one of the best representatives of the British Newtonian school, was born on August 18, 1685 in Edmonton, Middlesex. After 1709, he moved to London and obtained a master's degree in law. He was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1712 and received a doctorate in law two years later. In the same year (1714), he became secretary of the Royal Society, but resigned four years later due to health reasons. In 1717, he solved numerical equations using Taylor's theorem. Finally died in London on December 29, 1731.

Tyler's main work

Tyler's main work is "Direct and Negative Incremental Methods" published in 1715. The book states that he had already published the method in 1712 in the following form: In July, he first proposed the famous theorem in a letter to his teacher Machin (mathematician and astronomer) - Taylor's theorem: v in the formula is the increment of the independent variable, and is the flow number. He assumed that z changes uniformly with time, then is a constant. The above formula is expressed in modern form as: This formula is developed from the Gregory-Newton interpolation formula. When x=0, it is called McLaughlin's theorem. In 1772, Lagrange emphasized the importance of this formula and called it the fundamental theorem of differential calculus. However, Taylor did not consider the convergence of the series in his proof, thus making the proof loose. This work continued until the 19th century. It was only completed by Cauchy in the 1920s. Taylor's theorem created the finite difference theory, allowing any single variable function to be expanded into a power series; it also made Taylor the founder of the finite difference theory. In the book, Taylor also discussed the application of calculus to a series of physical problems, among which the results concerning the transverse vibration of strings were particularly important. He derived the fundamental frequency formula by solving equations and pioneered the study of string vibration problems. In addition, this book also includes his other creative work in mathematics, such as the discussion of singular solutions to ordinary differential equations, research on curvature problems, etc. In 1715, he published another famous work, "The Theory of Linear Perspective", and also published a reprint of "The Principles of Linear Perspective" (1719). He developed his linear perspective system in an extremely rigorous form, and his most outstanding contribution was the introduction and use of the concept of "vanishing point", which had a certain impact on the development of photogrammetric cartography. In addition, he also wrote a posthumous philosophical work, published in 1793

"Eight" I am looking for stories about 5 mathematicians. Each story should be about 100 words, and it does not need to be too long.

① Buffon: One day, the French mathematician Buffon invited many friends to his home and conducted an experiment. Buffon spread a large white paper on the table, and the white paper was filled with equidistant drawings. He took out many small needles of equal length, and the length of the small needles was half of the parallel lines. Bufeng said: "Please put these small needles on this white paper as you like!" The guests pressed He did what he said.

Buffon’s statistical results are: everyone threw 2212 times, of which the small needle intersected the parallel line on the paper 704 times, 2210÷704≈3.142.

Buffon said: "This number is an approximation of π. Every time you get an approximation of pi, and the more times you throw it, the more accurate the approximation of pi is." This is the famous "Buffon test."

② Mathematical Magician: One summer day in 1981, a mental arithmetic competition was held in India. The performer is a 37-year-old woman from India, her name is Shaguntana. That day, she had to compete with an advanced electronic computer using her amazing mental arithmetic skills. The staff writes a large number with 201 digits and asks to find the 23rd root of this number.

As a result of the calculation, it only took Shaguntana 50 seconds to report the correct answer to the audience. In order to get the same answer, the computer must input 20,000 instructions and then perform calculations, which takes much more time than Saguntana. This anecdote caused an international sensation, and Shaguntana was called a "mathematical magician".

③Hua Luogeng worked until the last day: Hua Luogeng was born in Jiangsu Province. He liked mathematics since he was a child and was very smart. In 1930, 19-year-old Hua Luogeng went to Tsinghua University to study. During his four years at Tsinghua University, Hua Luogeng studied hard under the guidance of Professor Xiong Qinglai and published more than a dozen papers. Later, he was sent to study in the UK and received a doctorate.

He conducted in-depth research on number theory and came up with the famous Fahrenheit's theorem. A reporter asked him during an interview: "What is your greatest wish?" He replied without thinking: "Work until the last day." He indeed fulfilled his promise on the last day of hard work for science.

④Descartes: French philosopher, mathematician, physicist, and one of the founders of analytic geometry. He believed that mathematics was the theory and model of all other sciences, and proposed a methodology based on mathematics and with deduction as its core. "Geometry" confirmed Descartes' position in the history of mathematics.

⑤Veda: French mathematician. He studied law when he was young and worked as a lawyer. He later engaged in political activities and served as a member of parliament. During the Spanish war, he worked for the Communist Party to decipher enemy codes. Veda was also committed to mathematical research and was the first to consciously and systematically use letters to represent known numbers, unknown numbers and their powers, which brought significant progress in the study of algebraic theory.

Veda discussed various rational transformations of equation roots and discovered the relationship between equation roots and fractions. Veda was revered as the "Father of Algebra" in Europe. In 1579, Veda published "Mathematical Laws Applied to Triangles" and also discovered that this was the first analytical expression of π.

⑥Gauss: When Gauss was in the second grade of elementary school, one day his math teacher had already finished most of the work. Although he was in class, he still wanted to complete it, so he planned to give him a math problem. Students practice, so the teacher feels that when his question comes up, it will take a long time for students to calculate it, and he can use this time to deal with unfinished matters.

But in the blink of an eye, Gauss had stopped writing and was sitting there leisurely. The teacher saw it and scolded Gauss angrily, but Gauss said that he had already calculated the answer, which was 55. . The teacher was stunned after hearing this and asked Gauss how he calculated it. Gauss replied, I just found that the sum of 1 and 10 is 11, the sum of 2 and 9 is also 11, the sum of 3 and 8 is also 11, 4 and 7. The sum is also 11,...

And 11 11 11 11 11=55, that's how I calculated it. When Gauss grew up, he became a great mathematician.