Can you still be an official after the Tang Dynasty fell behind? What are the official roads in the Tang Dynasty?

If you failed in scientific research in the Tang Dynasty, can you still be an official? What are the ways to enter the Tang Dynasty? Today I brought some related contents to share with you.

As we all know, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the system of selecting officials experienced a very important update. This is the establishment and implementation of the imperial examination system. Compared with the previous generation's hierarchical system, imperial examination system, appointment system, appointment system and nine grades system, the greatest advantage of imperial examination system is that it can expand the scope of selecting officials. The quality of the selected personnel has improved, and more qualified talents can be sent to the country. For ordinary people, the imperial examination system can give them the opportunity to become officials and join aristocratic families. Therefore, the imperial examination system has been accepted by the whole society.

It should be noted that our traditional culture in China is generally expressed through specific cultural forms, such as Tang poetry and Song poetry. Among them, Tang poetry is the product of the imperial examination system, or some preparation exercises. Some celebrities we meet today are usually described as poets and writers in primary and secondary school textbooks. Actually, they are not. This role is only their second identity, and their first identity is an official. After the invention of the imperial examination system, basically no parents asked their children to study in order to become poets or writers in the future. They have only one purpose. Reading is to test science, and testing science is to be an official. This is a social knowledge.

However, was the science examination in the Tang Dynasty really that easy? It's definitely not easy! With so many people taking the exam, only a few people can pass the exam and have the opportunity to become officials, and quite a few will not be shortlisted at all. This is called the first place. Many candidates failed at the beginning. Is there no hope for their career? Of course not. Today's article is to introduce, in addition to the imperial examination, what other ways do these unsuccessful candidates enter the official career?

In short, the subjects of imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty are generally divided into two categories: routine subjects and systematic subjects. Courses are held regularly every year, including Jinshi, Mingjing, Jinshi, Farming, Shu Ming, Shu Ming and Shu Ming. The subjects with the largest number of candidates are Mingjing and Jinshi. Ming Jing subject: write an article first, and then take the oral exam. After asking ten important questions, they answered three current affairs questions. The so-called Tiewen, also called Tiejing, mainly tests the memory of scriptures. This article is very interesting. Not to test a person's knowledge at all. This is just to test his memory. In a word, an illiterate can pass the exam as long as he takes the words in the book as symbols and remembers them accurately enough. However, few people took part in the imperial examinations in the Tang Dynasty, and many candidates failed. According to statistics, about 100 people take the imperial examination every year, but there are about 2000 officials every year. The huge difference between the number of candidates and the number of officials must be resolved. So these measures are aimed at these unsuccessful candidates.

First of all, find a solution from a different place and enter the official career. What does it mean to solve the problem in different places? This is somewhat similar to today's so-called "college entrance examination immigration", but it is mainly a preferential policy in Gong Sheng. The Tang Dynasty had strict requirements for candidates' native place, and each state had a quota for sending scholars to the DPRK. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the imperial court issued an imperial edict saying, "All the states in Gong Ju are here, and the membership system is different. However, according to the regulations, it is not allowed to apply and send attachments. If there is such a color, even if the state or county authorities urge it, it is a color that cannot be transferred. " It is also clearly stipulated that Juzi must be deprived of its nationality.

However, we can clearly see that this spirit has not been strictly implemented in the process of reading the historical documents of the Tang Dynasty, especially in the late period of the Anshi Rebellion in the middle and late Tang Dynasty, when the military region was domineering, it was difficult to carry out household registration statistics nationwide, and the phenomenon of obtaining household registration in different places generally appeared. For example, Zhang Ji is not from Xuzhou, but from Xuzhou. In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan, imperial academy and fourteenth year of Zhenyuan, Han Yu recommended Xuzhou as the feudal Lord. For another example, Shen Yazhi is a Wu Xingren. It took him ten years to get the first place in Yuan and five years to get the first place in Chang 'an. He said in Juyuan Miscellaneous Records: "This autumn, Asian tributes arrived in the county to find friends and deacons in the county. If you don't know the situation in Yi San County, you must go. " It can be seen that he has passed three state and county exams. As Han Yu said, "The people who do this today are not from the countryside. They have no proper order or care. Once together, they will have their own department, but they don't know it. "

Second, the door curtain is an official. "But in the past three hundred years, the establishment of the initial division began with the hope of Cao Ze and Dan Fu; If a person is lonely and indifferent, his family will lose confidence. The loss of social status meant that the imperial examination system had no place in the minds of scholars at that time. Applying for a scholar has many advantages, but generally speaking, the imperial examination draft mainly depends on the knowledge level of candidates, which is a fairer way than other ways of selecting officials. As a result, many aristocratic children also have realistic anxiety. After repeated attempts, they failed for the first time and had to embark on a dark road. There were all kinds of door curtains in the Tang Dynasty. Royal relatives, relatives, ministers, titles, odds and ends, professional articles and decorations all enjoy the privilege of door curtain. According to their relatives, ranks and categories, they are divided into several ranks. Groups of different levels enjoy different levels of privileges. Most children of middle and senior officials only need to go to school as apprentices, and they can still enter the government through health officials, Zhai Lang and Wan Lang.

Third, enter the screen as a collector. Although the imperial examination is the proper way to enter the government, it is also possible to enter the government through Fangzhen government. For all unemployed scholars, this is another choice worth considering. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, as the leader of our army gradually became a local governor, our army shogunate actually became the chief executive who monopolized military and political affairs. The shogunate is so powerful that it is impossible to do everything by itself, and some assistants are needed to help complete various tasks. These affairs mainly include officers in charge of military affairs, judges in charge of military affairs, money and grain affairs, secretaries in charge of clerical affairs, inspectors in charge of supervision affairs, judges in charge of promoting prison affairs, and staff officers in charge of planning and discussing. These staff are usually appointed by the bill secretary, especially some scholars who have lost their jobs.

From the above three aspects, the candidate who fails first can basically choose any one to enter the official career. From this point of view, first of all, the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty is not mature enough, because the historical node where the Tang Dynasty is located naturally has the characteristics of connecting the preceding with the following. Secondly, the social atmosphere in the Tang Dynasty was very open, which led to the brain drain phenomenon of "not sticking to one pattern".