Rituals of European immigrants

Golden retriever (golden retriever)

Country of origin: Britain

Origin:19th century

Uses: Hunting dogs or guide dogs, rescue dogs and companion dogs can all be trained as good pet doctors.

Personality: gentle

Wool: thick fur, straight or wavy to show hierarchy.

Coat color: milky yellow to golden yellow.

Weight: 27 ~ 36 kg [depending on men and women]

Height: 5 1 ~ 6 1 cm [depending on men and women]

Appearance characteristics

Calm, confident, loyal and patient with children, it is an ideal family dog, but it must be given enough activity. Golden retriever can also work or play in cold and rainy days, and it is the most suitable hunting variety for this climate.

[Coat] The lower part is thick, the upper part is smooth or wavy, and the decorative hair is rich. The coat color is golden or cream-colored, and there may be a little white hair on the chest.

Keep your tail parallel to your back. The tail end is curled backward or slightly curled.

The distance between the eyes is wide and the eyes are dark brown. Eyes are black and bright. A black nose is more popular. Powerful jaw, complete scissors bite.

[Head] The eyebrows are clear, the hood is wide, and the hood is connected with the nose. The neck is strong, muscular and of moderate length.

The ears are of medium size, and the roots of the ears are parallel to the eyes.

The body is well proportioned, the chest is thick, the back is horizontal, and the waist muscles are strong.

The forelimbs are straight, and the hind limbs are straight and powerful. Muscular.

[Foot] It is round and firm like a cat's foot, and its toes are dark and thick.

Other introductions

Retriever, Golden Retriever/kloc-originated in Scotland in the 0/9th century, and retriever, Golden Retriever, was recorded as the origin or association.

Admit different records in Dudley? A detailed book on breeding written by Sir Maggie Bank [Tweed Mao Mu].

Describe the origin of the single hound? There is also a legend that the golden retriever is a dog of the Russian circus.

Further, but it is still more like a yellow flat-haired hound and a tweed Spanish water hound and was later introduced.

Irish pudgy hounds, Labrador retriever and police dogs breed by mating? Since 1920.

As the official name, retriever, who is familiar to everyone, was famous for its golden flat-haired dog before.

Golden retriever is also improved from the following dog breeds.

Pingmao retriever

Variety Description: retriever)-As the name implies, fur is tightly wrapped.

Physically, the hair on the body is thick and detailed, and there are edge hairs on the legs and tail.

History: Although it is an English dog, it is a cross between Labrador and Newfoundland.

Note: I gradually became indifferent after World War I, and now I mainly work as a working dog.

Tweed water hound

Tweed Spanish water hound, its earliest cultivation is attributed to a Mr. Fowler, who cultivated gold and liver color.

Hounds make this breed flourish. Although it doesn't jump as fast as hounds and hounds, it is very sensitive.

A keen nose and a determined hunter. Happy to follow the smell. Small, but heavy and muscular.

Beautiful movements and lovely tail, cheerful temperament. It gains weight quickly, so it is sometimes necessary to supervise it.

Eating habits. Easy to train, very cute. It is said that it is very suitable for getting along with children. Height 15- 16 inch, weight 35-45.

Pounds. Coat type: brown, medium-long, wavy. Moderate depilation.

Irish Humpty Dumpty Red Setter.

Breed introduction: Irish squat hound (red Setter)-usually called red squat hound because of its outstanding coat color.

This name is even more famous than the official name. Proactive personality, more suitable than red and white squat hounds.

The size of the game. Although it is Dahua's pet, it must be trained enough. That is, more than other products.

It takes more training to meet the requirements of obedience. Under strict training, you will eventually become an excellent worker.

Become a partner.

History: Cultivated in Ireland. According to research, Irish water hounds, Gordon squat hounds and flying hounds exist.

It has a great influence on the cultivation process.

Note: white patches on the chest are very common and will not be regarded as defects at dog shows.

Don't look for hounds along the fur. They are a cross between Labrador and Newfoundland, so let's introduce them to you.

Labrador retriever

Origin: Canada

Use: Help fishermen.

Yan Ge: Originated from19th century.

Personality: sensitive and friendly.

Weight: 25 ~ 34kg

Height: 54 ~ 57 cm

According to the statistics of the American Dog Association (AKC), it ranks among the best in the breeding industry in the United States and is highly favored. Mainly it.

It is smart, gentle, obedient, not so smelly and easy to raise.

Therefore, dog owners at home and abroad regard it as a drug detection dog, a hunting dog, a rescue dog and even a guide dog. special

What is commendable is that it is gentle, not only ignoring the pull of children, but also taking care of the little master for the master.

People, it is not too much to call it the best nanny. If you encounter other dogs' boring provocation, it will still walk away silently.

Ignore it.

Didn't foreign search and rescue teams train Labrador as a search and rescue dog in the May12 earthquake this year? many

The victims were reborn because of them. So I have made great achievements and contributed a lot.

Newfoundland (NewFinland)

Description: Newfoundland)-huge and majestic, it looks like a bear cub.

Although they are big, adult dogs are gentle, and if necessary, they are faithful guardians of their homes. Oily fur

Not only gorgeous and outstanding, but also very waterproof. If you comb your hair backwards, you will naturally restore your original hairstyle.

History: It was first discovered in northeastern Canada. It is said to be the offspring of dogs brought by European immigrants, although when

Americans here may already have dogs like mastiffs.

There are two kinds of golden retrievers in the world, the British golden retriever and the American golden retriever. In some pet forums, some people can see that Australia belongs to the British Golden Retriever and Japan belongs to the American system. The United States, Canada, Taiwan Province Province and Thailand are all very popular American golden retrievers, while Britain, Australia,

British golden retriever is very popular in New Zealand.

Hong Kong used to be a British colony, so it used to be mostly British golden retriever. Now American golden retriever has become a complete mainstream. It must be mentioned that American Golden retriever is very popular in Hongkong (including Chinese mainland). He is Mr. Chen Zhenda from Hong Kong. In the 1990s, he introduced famous American Golden Retriever such as Maple Leaf Boy, Golden Warrior and Maple Leaf Emperor, which directly contributed to the popularity of American Golden Retriever in Hong Kong and Chinese mainland today.

British golden hair belongs to the original body of golden hair. American golden hair is improved and cultivated on the basis of British golden hair.

Personality of Anglo-Americans/:No matter which strain Golden Retriever is, their personality has not changed much. Although the breeders have different purposes, they all retain the original character of Golden Retriever, such as docile, intelligent, aggressive and obedient.

Characteristics of facial expressions in Britain and America;

The British golden retriever gives people a simple and honest feeling, and his eyes are full of longing. Sometimes, even if you don't want to pay attention to it, you have to embrace it as long as you see its simple, helpless and eager expression. I think the British golden retriever makes people feel like a child, and they don't need the care of their master all the time.

American Golden Hair: First of all, the face feels more like a big child, and this confidence is always revealed in the eyes. Adult American golden retriever reveals a sense of superiority, more like a mature adult. But when they feel lonely, they are just like a child, eager to get the attention of their master. All they need is a hug from their master, and they will show a sense of complacency.

British and American body characteristics: the difference between them is not obvious. Although the standards are different, they are almost the same. There's not much difference in stature. The fullness of British breasts is more prominent than that of Americans, which is mainly due to

The purpose of reproduction is different. I will introduce it later!

Characteristics of British and American hair and bone mass: At present, American hair is the mainstream in China, so it gives people the impression of thick bones, more hair and wide head. British fur is not very popular in China, and kennels are basically American fur. The quality of British hair is not much different from that of Americans. If someone says that the hair quality of Yingfa is much worse than that of hairdressing, then I can only say that you have never seen a good Yingfa Golden Hair, but now. American hair is much softer. In terms of bone mass, there is no obvious difference between British and American hair when they are young. But when they are adults, American golden hair will keep strong bones, while British hair will be slightly thinner.

The difference between British and American skulls: Look at the picture above. Let's talk about the kissing department first. The British department is more vigorous and the American department is a little less. There is almost no difference in the nose width between the British and the Americans. There is a gap between British eyes, but it is not deep and will extend to the forehead. The length of the gap is not long (it is normal without this gap), but the American system does not have this feature. You can see that there is a prominent skull on the top of the British department.

The difference of coat color between Britain and America: the color of golden coat is allowed from cream to dark yellow, and the British coat is mostly light (pure white is not allowed). Most of America is dark.

Differences between British and American beauty contests: Due to different regions, the competition requirements are different, and the beauty requirements of the two are also different. Some people will say, wow, there are so few British hair or more American hair. Is that really the case? If you really understand the European and American competition systems, you will know that the judging standards of the two departments in the competition are different. The English department pays more attention to its own working ability in the competition, so it is necessary to highlight the full chest, strong strength and overall bone coordination ability, while the American department is more prominent in the competition. Therefore, strength hair does not need to be removed. There is no need to remove the belly hair (there are also some American golden hairs to beautify the belly hair). You can compare it with the picture above.

British/American Pigment: The quality of pigment precipitation is very important for two golden retrievers, which is also part of the selection of golden retrievers. It should be considered that the most prominent pigment deposition area of British golden retriever is around the eyes. Because of the color, it will be more obvious, which is what we commonly call dark circles. American golden hair is also available, but it is not obvious because of its dark color. By the way, how to do it? You can observe the colors of eyes, nose, lips, soles of feet, nails and stomach from the following parts. The darker the better, there is a small piece of pink on the nose and soles of the feet. Don't worry, it will turn black slowly. This standard uses two golden hairs.

Where did the blond hair come from? How many other dog lineages does he have? How many breeds of dogs have improved retriever Golden Retriever?

History: It consists of yellow straight-haired hounds and tweed Spanish water hounds, and later Irish squat hounds and blood hounds were introduced.

(Plain retriever+Tweed Water Hound+Red Setter+Blood Hound = Golden retriever)

Note: It was originally used to help fishermen pull nets.

The pedigree of retriever Golden Retriever is a dog breed that has been improved for many generations.

1. For friends who buy large dogs, most of the time, they can't see their parents-most of the breeding dogs are in the kennel.

Even if there is, I suggest just looking around and not taking it too seriously-we can't have a paternity test. Maybe the kennel just brought in a group of puppies and found them a parent or something. So, unless you are very good friends, please don't trust them-no kennel has a puppy leaving the nest every month, but every kennel has a dog. Why? Think for yourself.

On the basis of 1 point, my suggestion is to pay more than 95% attention to puppies. After all, this is what you put in front of you.

And the baby born to a pet dog may also become a champion, but can 30% of the puppies born to a champion dog become a champion? Maybe less. What I mean is simple. As long as you are careful enough, it is possible to choose a gourmet puppy from ordinary puppies, but if you are not careful enough, you may buy an ordinary puppy from the champion offspring. However, the price difference is not a little.

3. What should I bring before picking a dog?

balance

A small comb with fine teeth.

thermometer

wet tissue

Golden retriever information (especially photos) found in magazines and online.

This breed of dog, Jin Mao, is crazy in front of people after seeing puppies, and usually rushes forward desperately after seeing people. At this time, don't worry, wait for their enthusiasm to pass, and then look at the dog carefully (after about 20 minutes, the little guy will settle down).

5, first ask the owner, the birth order of these dogs, the first child is better. But the owner's words are for reference only, because I may not remember them, and for dog owners, I just want to sell the poor puppy first, so that I can breed one or two good dogs even if I can't sell it. So, listen.

6, look at the size of the dog, although it is a nest, but the dog's head is definitely different. Bigger ones are definitely better, and food and drink are the first. These dogs are definitely better.

A few things about the puppy's physical quality;

A. weigh yourself. The data has the weight that puppies should have at each period. There can be a gap, but it can't be too big. For example, only three months 10 kg, this is definitely not needed.

B, in terms of body temperature, the puppy's body temperature is between 38 and 39. If it exceeds half a degree, it will be fine, and if it is higher, it will be a problem.

C. Put the dog's tail up to see if the pp is clean. If it is not clean, or the nearby hair sticks together, it means that there is a problem with the dog's recent excretion and there are hidden dangers.

D, turn up your eyelids to see your eyes. There should be no obvious red blood on it. A good dog's eyes are light blue, and its pupils are together, so it can be seen and touched.

E, hide aside, shout at a medium volume, and the dog with quick response has good hearing. If some dogs don't respond when barking, they either have hearing problems or are in poor health.

F comb your hair with a small comb and comb it backwards to see if there are any parasites on your body.

After the physical examination, if there is no problem, then these dogs are eligible to buy. Let's look at the quality of golden retriever.

Looking at the quality of golden retriever, the order of importance is as follows:

1, bone mass, this is the easiest to see from the claws. A good golden retriever, even a 30-day-old golden retriever, has thick claws, which are more than 5cm horizontally. Bone mass is extremely important. If the bone mass is insufficient, the golden retriever will be weak in the future and will not become an ideal good dog.

2, coat color, this is very strange, everyone likes different standards of golden hair, some friends like gold, some friends like light yellow (close to white)-in addition to these two colors, there are black and pure white. However, as the name implies, golden fur is naturally the best color-many kennels or individuals selling dogs promote another theory in order to sell dogs that are not golden. Hehe, when they have Jin Baobao, they will put it another way.

The color of the blond baby is basically the same as that when he grows up, but it is slightly darker when he grows up-you can refer to the color of his ears.

3, the amount of hair, naturally, the more hair, the better, carefully combed with a comb, it is easy to understand the amount of golden hair, in theory, the more hair.

4, fur distribution, straight hair is better than messy hair. You should pay attention to the color of your hair when you comb it. The color of blond hair is gradual. A good golden baby can see the color distribution map when he grows up-look at it a few times and you will know what I'm talking about.

5, the head, the head of blond hair has two characteristics. First, there is an obvious bony process on the top of the head. Without this protrusion, the golden hair is impure. Secondly, in the middle of the nose, there is a vertical straight line that is concave, and the depth is better than the shallowness.

6. mouth. Hold the baby's mouth with your hand. The thicker the golden retriever, the wider the mouth will be in the future, otherwise it will easily grow into a pointed dog. In a moderate range, the wider the mouth, the stronger the hand and the better the appearance.

7, ears, golden hair ears can not be too big-ears are too big and too long, not an advantage, but a defect. The tip of the ear just covers the front of Jin Mao's eyes. If it exceeds too much, it is a disadvantage.

8, eyes, purebred boutique golden retriever adult dogs should not show white eyes when looking straight ahead-but don't buy such a dog when choosing a small golden retriever. One of the characteristics of all mammals is that the size of the eyeball does not change much after the eyes are born and grow up. Many people's eyes are quite big when they are young, but they become smaller when they grow up, because the eyes themselves are still the same. Therefore, when buying a puppy, you should properly show the whites of your eyes-it is appropriate to pay attention.

9, nose mirror, Golden Hair's nose should be black, if it is red, then it is solid. Take a closer look.

10, tail, many friends don't pay attention to the tail when choosing a small golden hair. Please pay attention to the posture of Jin Mao's model. If the tail is up or flat, someone must have pulled it up. When the golden retriever stands still, its tail must be hanging sideways.

When buying Gymboree, the tail should be clipped behind the ass, or droop moderately when it is still. When running, the tail will not be completely straight back, nor will it curl up like a China farm dog.

Feeding method

Feed puppies three months ago, three times a day for puppies from three to six months, twice a day after six months, and once a day for adult dogs. Pay attention to calcium supplementation and trace elements when growing up. If you want to look beautiful in Mao Mao, you can eat some beautiful things. Feeding time should be fixed. If there is no food left after one feeding, the dog will not leave the food plate for a long time, and add some food next time, but there is no food.

Attention! Don't feed all seasonings to dogs, such as soy sauce, salt, monosodium glutamate, sugar, pepper and aniseed. Some indigestible foods, such as soybeans and sesame seeds, are not suitable for feeding. You can't eat any squid or anything.

Adequate water supply should be provided, clean containers should be prepared, fresh water should be constantly changed instead of old water every few days. Let the dog drink freely.

oestrous cycle

Normal dogs are in estrus twice a year, usually once in March-May in spring and once in September-165438+1October in autumn. When a bitch is in estrus, there will be signs in her body and behavior. Mainly in the following stages.

① Preestrus. It is the preparation stage of estrus, and the time is about 7- 10 days. The reproductive system begins to prepare for ovulation. Eggs are close to maturity, reproductive tract epithelium begins to proliferate, gland activity begins to strengthen, secretion increases, vulva congestion, vulva swelling, flushing and slippery, mixed with blood mucus. Male dogs often come by smell, and female dogs are not allowed to mate.

2 estrus. It is the most obvious estrus and mating period, lasting about 6- 14 days. External swelling and softening continue, mucus outflow becomes weak, and bleeding decreases or stops. Bitch either takes the initiative or stops. The bitch approached the male dog voluntarily. When the male dog climbed over, she kicked down her waist, with her hips facing the male dog, her tail leaning to one side, and her vulva opening and closing to let her mate. 2-3 days after estrus, the bitch begins to ovulate, which is the best time for mating.

③ Late estrus. The vulva swelling subsided, gradually returned to normal, and the temperament became quiet. It is forbidden to be quiet, and male dogs are not allowed to approach it. It usually lasts for two months, and then it enters the period of emotional absence. If you are pregnant, you are pregnant after estrus.

(4) lack of emotion. The reproductive organs are inactive. Usually about 3 months, and then enter the next estrus.

Male dogs have irregular estrus. In the breeding season of concentrated estrus of bitches, the testicles enter a state of active function. When approaching a bitch in estrus, smelling the special smell of the bitch in estrus can arouse excitement and complete mating.

[edit this paragraph] golden retriever AKC standard

[Introduction]

Retriever, a well-known, powerful and lively breed, is stable, with well-coordinated body parts, neither too long nor clumsy legs, friendly expression, warm personality, alert and confident. Because he is a hound, he can show his essence and characteristics in a hard working environment. His overall appearance, balance, gait and the use of this breed should receive more attention than any part of his body. Defects: Any phenomenon that deviates from the ideal description of varieties is regarded as defects, and the severity of defects depends on the degree of deviation.

"Origin": Britain

[body type]

The male dog's shoulder height is about 23~24 inches; The bitch's shoulder height is about 2 1~22 inches. If the height error is within one inch, points will be deducted according to the degree of deviation from the standard height. If the error exceeds one inch, it is considered unqualified.

The ratio of the distance from sternum to hip to shoulder height is 12/ 1 1. The male dog weighs about 65~75 kg, and the female dog weighs about 55~65 kg.

[head]

The head is wide and slightly arched in both directions, but the occipital bone and forehead are not prominent. The stopping point is clear but not steep. The muzzle is deep and wide, almost as long as the head. Viewed from the side, the muzzle: the contour is straight, and the joint with the head is smooth and stable; Seen from the front and side, the place near the stopper is slightly deeper and wider than the place near the nose mirror. The upper lip droops, but it doesn't look heavy. Beards can be removed, but it is not recommended.

Eyes: friendly and intelligent expression, big but not too big, dark eye margin, large distance between eyes, moderate depression. Dark brown is the most ideal color; Medium brown is also acceptable. Oblique eyes, triangular eyes and narrow eyes deviate from the correct expression and belong to defects. When the dog looks straight ahead, there is no visible white or blinking film. Those with abnormal eyelids and eyelashes (such as but not limited to trichiasis, entropion, eversion and double eyelids) will be disqualified.

Ears: quite short, with the front edge at the back, above the eyes, drooping and close to the cheeks. If you pull it forward, the tip of your ear just covers your eyes. Low ears and hounds' ears are considered defects.

Nose mirror: black or brown-black. Cold weather may lighten the color, but don't be too obvious. A pink rhinoscope or severe pigment deficiency is considered a defect. Bite: scissor bite. Maxillary protrusion occlusion or mandibular protrusion occlusion is disqualification. Tooth dislocation (irregular position of front teeth) or pincer bite is not desirable, but it is not as serious as maxillary protrusive bite or mandibular protrusive bite. The obvious gap between teeth is a defect.

[Neck, Dorsal Line, Trunk]

The neck is of medium length, gradually sinking into the completely backward shoulder, which looks strong and muscular. The skin at the throat should not be too slack and droopy.

The topline is strong, rising from the horse's shoulders to the slightly inclined hips, and keeping level when resting or exercising. The dorsal line is downward, arched and concave; A flat or steep hip is considered a defect.

Good balance, short waist and deep chest. The chest width between the legs is at least equivalent to the width of an adult man's folded hand (including thumb), and the chest is developed. The sternum extends to the elbow. The ribs are long and well expanded, but they are not barrel-shaped and extend to the hindquarters. The waist is short and strong, wide and deep, and slightly contracted when viewed from the side. Flat side, narrow chest, insufficient chest depth and excessive waist contraction are all defects.

The tail root is tall and thick, muscular, and naturally extends from the buttocks. The coccyx extends to the hock joint (but not below it). The tail is lifted happily, showing a horizontal or moderately upward curve; Don't lie on your back or get caught between your legs.

[precursor]

Strong, coordinated with the hindquarters, and able to move freely. The scapula is long and completely backward, and the tip is close to the withers. The length of the upper arm is similar to that of the scapula; The back end of the elbow is just below the tip of the scapula, close to the ribs, without any slack. From the front, the legs are straight and bony, but not too thick. The palm is short and strong, slightly inclined, and there is no sign of unstable support.

Wolf claws can be removed, but they are generally preserved.

Feet are medium-sized, round and compact, with good joints and thick toe pads. If you have too much hair, you should trim it to reveal its natural size and outline. Bare toes or hare-like feet (the middle toe is obviously longer than other toes and does not bend to make the whole foot look long) are defects.

[Hip]

Broad and muscular. Viewed from the side, the hips are slightly inclined downward; The inclination angle of pelvis is slightly larger (about 30 degrees from the horizontal plane). In the natural standing posture, the femur and pelvis are connected at about 90 degrees; The knee joint is completely bent; The hock joint is as close to the ground as possible, and the ankle bone is short and strong. Feet are similar to forelimbs. From the back, the legs are straight. Flip joint inversion, flash valgus and flash dislocation are all defects.

[coat]

There is a thick waterproof undercoat. The outer coat is hard and elastic, neither rough nor too soft, and clings to the body; Is the hair straight or wavy? There is no need to trim, there is a natural fur collar, and there is a proper amount of feathering at the back of the front leg and under the body; There are abundant feathers in front of the neck, behind the thighs and at the bottom of the tail. The hair on the head, feet and front of legs is short and even. Too long, split hair and too soft hair are very undesirable. Feet can be trimmed and spread out, but don't destroy the natural hair shape and contour.

[color]

Bright and shiny golden yellow in various colors. Feathers can be slightly lighter than other parts. Except that the hair on the face and body gradually turns gray with age, white patches appear in other parts (except a few white hairs on the chest), and points will be deducted according to the degree of expansion. Permissible light color changes should not be confused with white spots. The main color of the coat is too light or too dark. Some puppies have a light coat color, but their coat color shows that they will deepen in adulthood, so such puppies should be lenient in judging. Any obvious black or other hair with bad color is a serious defect.

[gait]

When trotting, the gait is free, steady, powerful and coordinated, and the stride is sufficient. No matter which angle you look at, your legs will not turn inward or outward, and your feet will not bind or cross each other. When the speed increases, the foot tends to converge to the midline. It is suggested to relax the traction belt and show the natural gait.

[temperament]

Friendly, reliable and trustworthy. Under natural circumstances, show willingness to fight or hostility to other dogs or people; Timidity and nervousness are contrary to the characteristics of retriever, and points will be deducted according to the severity.

[disqualification]

Height below or above the standard height is more than one inch.

Maxillary or mandibular protrusion

If you want a picture, look at Baidu pictures.