Where does geographical air travel in China begin?

Xinjiang is the province with the largest land area in China, with Kunlun Mountain in the south, Altai Mountain in the north and Tianshan Mountain in the middle. These three mountains surround the two largest basins in China. The air trip starts from Tianshan Mountain, explores the mystery that water breeds life, approaches Bogda Peak at an altitude of 5,000 meters, visits Tianchi in the ice and snow, and flies westward into the largest grassland in Xinjiang.

Rivers seem to be regarded as the origin of civilization more often than mountains. Xinjiang is located in the center of the Eurasian continent and is in an extremely arid zone.

There are nearly 10,000 glaciers in Tianshan Mountain, and more than 370 rivers and many lakes originate here. Water will completely change the fate of this arid land.

Changes in atmospheric environment and frequent human activities have accelerated the melting of glaciers.

Tianchi Lake on the mountainside of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain is a typical alpine lake with an altitude of 1.900 meters. It depends on the melting water and rain of Tianshan glacier, and Tianchi provides water for the downstream rivers.

Flying to the middle of Tianshan Mountain, a huge mountain basin appeared in front of us, which is Bayinbuluke Grassland, the second largest grassland in China after Hulunbeier. On the flat grassland, a small external force can change the direction of the river. The Kaidu River formed by melting water in Tianshan Mountain is more than 500 kilometers long and has more than 10,000 bends. When the sun goes down, people can even see it at the same time as long as they find the best viewing point.

There is a swan nature reserve hidden in the grassland. At this time, it is the swan breeding season, and more than 100 cygnets were born here this year. The cygnets will learn to fly in the next few months, and they will start their first migration journey before winter comes. The Himalayas will be the first challenge in their flight.

The northern slope of Tianshan Mountain is an oasis fertile soil, flying over a colorful land from Urumqi to Shihezi.

Urumqi is the largest city farthest from the ocean in the world. The nearest ocean is 2000 kilometers, but it is also the largest city closest to glaciers. Glaciers with a distance of 100 kilometers provide water for it.

International market means market. There is a local saying that everything can be found in bazar except parents.

In Xinjiang, everything is a master of color matching. In September, Shihezi cotton took the lead. People think that cotton is white. In fact, there are colored cotton in nature, and these brown cotton are one of them. Cotton can be used to make paper money. For example, the main component of RMB comes from cotton. Shihezi is sunny, and the cotton produced every year needs to be loaded by 9000 trucks.

Compared with cotton, tomatoes are new immigrants in this land. It has only been in Xinjiang for several decades. Tomato is a red crop, which likes plenty of sunshine and serious temperature difference. The sunshine time in Xinjiang is more than 2500 hours, and the temperature difference between day and night is as high as ten degrees Celsius. Speaking of Xinjiang, tomatoes are the right husband's family. Today, Xinjiang's tomato processing capacity is second only to the United States and Italy, and 1 bottle in every four bottles of tomato sauce in the world comes from here.

People like to dry peppers in the Gobi desert. Dry and hot land is a natural dehydration processing plant. Not all peppers are willing to be eaten. The peppers here are particularly beautiful. They are made into pigments and used as raw materials for lipstick.

Flying westward along the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain, canyons are common landscapes. Rivers originating from snow-capped mountains rush down steep slopes and cut cliffs on the earth. Seen from the sky, the Anji Sea Grand Canyon is the most colorful, and the rivers wash and dissolve sandstone and mudstone of different colors, forming an abstract picture of the earth.

The wettest Ili Valley in Xinjiang, this garden will change your impression of arid land in Xinjiang. Southbound, the water vapor of the Atlantic Ocean gathers into a beautiful tear at the edge of the basin. The Atlantic Ocean, thousands of miles away, shows its magic in the Ili Valley. Taniguchi, which is open to the west, welcomes the water vapor brought by the Atlantic Ocean to the maximum extent. Abundant rainfall and melting water of snow-capped mountains have created this land bordering the south of the Yangtze River.

There is a strange town in the west of Ili Valley. To solve the mystery of this county, we need to look down from the sky. This is inspired by gossip. More than 70 years ago, the county magistrate of Tekes pulled a plow with 20 cows, and from the center, he drew the prototype of Bagua Street, eight main roads and four ring roads. The whole county is interconnected.

As soon as April arrives, the apricot flowers in Yili Valley can't wait to bloom. In some people's impression, apricot blossom is a symbol of Jiangnan. In fact, they can endure drought and cold and are more suitable for living in the north. It took only a short week for apricot flowers to bloom and wither. Nevertheless, apricot flowers still show the unique style of spring.

Every valley in the Ili Valley presents different magnificence. Lavender begins to bloom in June. Before 1960s, all lavender spices in China were imported. In order to change this situation, people tried planting in several provinces. It took six years to cultivate Yili successfully. Today, 95% of lavender in China comes from here.

Winter in Ili Valley. Training golden eagles to hunt is a tradition of Kazak people. The golden eagle is one of the most powerful birds of prey in the world, with a wingspan of two meters, which makes it easy to glide. The golden eagle also has eight times the keen vision of human beings, and its dive speed is close to 320 kilometers per hour. It is difficult for any prey to escape from such a superb hunter.

Saiguo Expressway, the first mountain expressway in Xinjiang, needs to pass through many steep valleys, among which the biggest gap appears in Guozigou, which is the gateway of Yili to northern Xinjiang. After crossing this bridge, Sailimu Lake is just ahead, and a cycling race around the lake will be held at the turn of spring and summer every year.

Sailimu Lake is the result of Himalayan movement. At that time, many mountains rose and many fault basins were formed between the mountains. As one of them, Sailimu Lake has gradually evolved into a closed mountain lake. No fish can live here except some microorganisms. Later, people successfully raised cold-water fish in the lake, and the increase of fish attracted more birds, who came after smelling the food.

The picture comes from the Jane Book App.

Entering the corner of the desert in northern Xinjiang, the ghost town has natural sculptures and a miracle city created by human beings. There are Mongolian wild donkeys that run faster than wolves, looking for the only remaining wild horse population on the earth.

There are many ghost towns in Xinjiang, where strong winds attack all the year round, eroding rock formations into different shapes and forming a unique Ya Dan landform.

The ghost town on the sea is located on the east bank of Liji Lake, where the lake brings life, and the caves on the cliff are the home of birds.

Flying 300 kilometers into Junggar Basin, another ghost town (Ghost Town, Wuerhe, Karamay City) is impressively visible. It used to be a paradise for animals and was rich in aquatic plants. Many lives hundreds of millions of years ago became crude oil that is darker, thicker and more expensive than gold today.

With the exploitation of oil, a city-Karamay has grown up in the Gobi.

Fly eastward, enter the Gurbantunggut Desert, the second largest desert in China, and overlook the earth over the desert. A gold vein stretches for more than ten kilometers. These veins are actually sand ridges, which are over 10 meters high and several kilometers long. Different from the flowing desert, the southern part of Gurbantunggut Desert is mainly composed of fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes. Affected by the wind direction, the curved sand ridges extend in the north-south direction. Seen from the sky, the brown land is covered with freely extending branches.

Mongolian wild donkeys, in winter, form a huge collective. A trusted wild donkey shoulders the heavy responsibility of a leader. In the event of danger, it will quickly send out an early warning signal. Under the leadership of the team leader, the wild donkeys kept a neat formation and quickly retreated, with a speed of more than 60 kilometers per hour. Even wolves can't catch up with them.

Platts wild horses have been bred for 60 million years and were once extinct in China. More than 30 years ago, people traded the Altun wild donkey for 18 Platts wild horses from abroad. With the help of human beings, Platts mustang has learned the skills of survival in the wild again.

Passing through Junggar Basin from south to north, we will gradually approach Altai Mountain, the northernmost mountain range in Xinjiang, where there is the lowest snow line in China, which is frozen over 3000m all year round.

Cocotohai No.3 Mine in Altay region is a rare metal mine with a buried depth of 65,438 0.35 meters, and 86 known minerals of 65,438 0.40 species have been found. It is with these rare metals that shenzhou spaceship can travel in space.

In Mongolian, Altai Mountain means Jinshan. Hundreds of years ago, as many as 50,000 people searched for gold in the mountains.

Altay region is recognized as one of the cradles of human skiing.

Kanas Lake is nearly 190 meters deep. Most scientists believe that the so-called water monster is a kind of hucho fish that lives deep in the lake.

Fuhai is the largest fishing base in northern Xinjiang, and fishing is prohibited in May. The male fish in the pond is the only fish that can be caught. It is very small, with a life span of only one year, but its fertility is amazing.

Whenever the seasons change, herders have to change pastures, carry property and drive cattle and sheep. This time, they will go to the summer pasture more than 300 kilometers away. According to the growth cycle of pasture, pasture is transferred for livestock in an orderly manner. There are at least four such large-scale transitions every year, and the migration distance is hundreds or even thousands of kilometers.

Kazakhs can be regarded as the most moved people in the world.

There is the best pasture on the high mountain. Every year around June, Xinjiang summer pasture will welcome 10 more than ten thousand livestock. Before winter comes, herders will bring their cattle and sheep down from the mountains and return to the warm valleys and lowlands. The transformation of Xinjiang is a movement at different heights. Herdsmen can always observe the rhythm of the season keenly.

Ling Xue spruce lives in the depths of Tianshan Mountains, and their roots are very developed. Each big tree is like a small reservoir, which can store 2.5 tons of water. They evaporate water very quickly, even exceeding the evaporation speed of seawater at the same latitude, and the rising water vapor is easy to form rainfall. While trying to create a humid climate, patches of snow-capped spruce are also cultivating grasslands.

Enter the Tarim basin. The center of the basin is the Taklimakan Desert, the largest desert in China. Taklimakan means that you can't get in and out in Uighur. More than 80% sand dunes flow with the wind. In the past 1000 years, the whole desert has extended southward by about 100 km.

Tarim River is the longest inland river in China, and nearly half of Xinjiang's population lives in the Tarim River basin.

More than half of Populus euphratica in the world is distributed here. It is their characteristic to follow the growth of water flow. Once they are short of water, they will pretend to give up their bodies on the ground and let the underground roots continue to sustain life. Some seemingly arid Populus euphratica will sprout new buds as long as they meet the water source.

A camel can walk in the desert for about a week without drinking water. The real reservoir is not a hump, but its body fluid system. A 500 kg camel body fluid can provide at least 125 kg of water.

Lop Nur contains brine water, which is extracted from underground and baked at high temperature to form naturally crystallized salt.

Salt Lake is only a small part of Lop Nur, and most of this area is the vast Gobi. Lop Nur was once a huge lake into which the Tarim River flowed. More than 60 years ago, the lower reaches of Tarim River were cut off, and Lop Nur finally dried up.

Loulan ancient city, northwest bank of Lop Nur. The ancient cities along the Silk Road were born of water, and some even got their names from water. Jiaohe Old City was built on a willow-shaped river center continent, where the two rivers once met, hence the name Jiaohe City. There are also many such ancient cities, which are built by water and relay with each other to provide supplies for caravans traveling on the Silk Road. Without these ancient cities, civilization and trade could not have gone so far.

The highest surface temperature of Flame Mountain is over 70 degrees Celsius, and the terrain is the main reason for the extreme heat of Flame Mountain. It is located in the low-lying area of Turpan basin, with a height difference of more than 5000 meters from the surrounding mountains. Hot air is not easy to spread in the basin, so Flame Mountain has become the hottest place at the same latitude.

The flaming mountain is barren, but the nearby valley is covered by grapes. The sweetest grapes. After the harvest, the grapes were sent to the shade to dry. There are many flower holes in the wall of the shady room, which can not only ventilate, but also avoid direct sunlight on grapes. In just 40 days, dry and hot air can dry fresh grapes.

Grape growth needs a lot of rhyme water. 2000 years ago, people created an underground water conservancy project-Karez. In order to reduce evaporation, people introduce the melted water from the snow-capped mountains into underground ditches and send it to farmland and villages. It is said that all canals in Karez are connected, exceeding 5,000 kilometers. With the help of Karez, people have created agricultural miracles in arid areas.

The extreme temperature of Pamirs in the westernmost part of China is MINUS 50 degrees Celsius, and about 2.4 trillion tons of water are frozen in the form of glaciers on the top of the mountain. Mustag Ata is known as the "Father of Icebergs", which has a super ice sheet equivalent to 280 Tianchi waters.

Atushi Tianmen stands on the Tianshan Mountain at an altitude of more than 3000 meters. Stone arches and dry air flow rapidly between narrow ridges, eroding the rock wall and gradually cutting out this air duct. 1947, an English explorer discovered this stone arch, which is 457 meters high and is the highest natural stone arch on the earth.

The North-South Silk Road meets in Kashgar, where people from the western regions live. Kashgar has no central axis and is centered on the Aidijia Mosque. Eid al-adha and Eid al-Fitr. Multiculturalism has created the unique architectural style of the old city of Kashgar.

The eastern coastal zone connects China with the world, and the western part goes deep into the hinterland, bringing China closer to more neighboring countries. The ancient Silk Road, which once extended westward, bears the passion and imagination of all people for the distance. Today, Xinjiang has become the core of the new Silk Road, which will reconnect the world on an unprecedented scale.