What was the military establishment of the Han Dynasty against the Huns?

The Han army can be divided into three parts: capital soldiers, local soldiers and frontier soldiers. Soldiers in the capital are mainly composed of Langguan, Guards and Station Troops guarding the capital. Lang Guan is under Lang's command, the Guards are under Wei Wei's command, and Wei Wei is responsible for the guards inside and outside the palace. The garrison responsible for guarding the capital is led by a lieutenant. The soldiers in the capital of Han Dynasty mainly included the Southern Army and the Northern Army. The station troops led by the lieutenant are stationed in the north of Weiyang Palace, which is called the Northern Army. Wei Wei, by contrast, commanded the Confederate army. Most of the Confederate soldiers were transferred from Neixian, while the Union soldiers were mainly transferred from Jingfu, and they all rotated once a year. During Liang Wudi's reign, great reforms were carried out to the soldiers in the capital, mainly to streamline the South Army and strengthen the North Army. There are 20,000 confederate troops, half of which are missing. In addition to Zhongji, the northern army stationed troops, adding chariot riding, infantry riding, Yue riding, long water riding, Hu riding, shooting and samurai, which were divided into eight factions and stationed in Chang 'an City and its vicinity, guarding the capital at ordinary times, and the emperor sent personnel to supervise it. In wartime, one or all of them went out with the general. At the same time, the lieutenant was renamed as Zhi Jinwu, who was not in charge of the northern army, but was only responsible for commanding the leader and patrolling the capital. In addition, the corps commander was changed to Guang Luxun, the number of corps officers was expanded, and the troops of Qimen and Yulin were increased.

Local soldiers are placed in counties, usually assisted by county chiefs (also known as a captain), who maintain local public order at ordinary times and listen to the central command in wartime. The recruitment of local soldiers should be based on the emperor's "tiger symbol". The Western Han Dynasty once implemented the enfeoffment system, and the enfeoffment country and the Marquis country each had their own army. Soldiers in the kingdom are led by lieutenants, and soldiers in Marquis countries are subordinate to counties.

Border soldiers are mainly responsible for the garrison in border counties, under the command of the county chief, and have jurisdiction over one surname and one surname. In order to enrich the frontier defense, the Han dynasty once immigrated to the real frontier and settled fields in parallel. When Liang Wudi began to open up wasteland, the number of soldiers who opened up wasteland reached hundreds of thousands at most, which was an important part of frontier troops. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the border army system was destroyed, and troops were stationed for defense by setting up camps and docks.

The army consists of material officers (infantry), knights (cavalry), ships (sailors), light vehicles (chariots) and other arms. Generally speaking, the counties in the plains weave more knights and light cars, the counties in the mountains weave more timber officials, and the counties along the river and the coast weave more boats. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses unearthed near the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor are vivid displays of the huge formation of mixed arms, such as foot, bicycle and so on. By the Han Dynasty, chariots were gradually eliminated. According to the records of officials in the later Han Dynasty, the establishment of the army in the Han Dynasty was a "five generals' barracks", and the headquarters was under the command of a captain. "There was a chariot under the Song Dynasty, and there was a chariot captain." However, according to the Han bamboo slips unearthed in Shangsunjiazhai and Juyan in Datong County, Qinghai Province, some of them are left and right, and the music is divided into left and right songs or before and after songs, and there are officials (left and right officials), teams (before and after teams) and fifteen under the department and music. The different records of the lower and lower ranks of the Han army in the above-mentioned documents and cultural relics are probably due to the different establishment of different regions or armies.