Jack the Ripper

Jack the Ripper Jack the Ripper (Jack? That? Ripper) is the nickname of the murderer who killed at least five prostitutes in the Whitechapel area of East London from August 7th to October 9th, 65438. 165438. During the crime, the murderer repeatedly wrote to the relevant units to provoke, but never fell into the French Open. Its bold criminal methods were repeatedly exaggerated by the media, which caused panic in British society at that time. He is still one of the most notorious killers in European and American cultures.

Location of the crime: The location of the ripper's crime is concentrated in East London (East? End? Yes? London) is near Whitechapel. It was a famous immigrant distribution center at that time, and tens of thousands of immigrants from Russia and Eastern Europe settled here. Because of the meager income, it has long been a hotbed of poverty and crime, and homeless hooligans and prostitutes live on the streets. Although Scotland Yard has established a city-wide patrol network in 1829, the weak police force is still unable to bear the security of the East District where tens of thousands of prostitutes haunt every night.

Modus operandi: It was in the 1990s, that is, after the Whitechapel serial murder 100, that people got a more comprehensive understanding of Jack's modus operandi. So we can infer many characteristics of Jack:?

First of all, he must have a considerable knowledge of anatomy. ?

B, considering the environment at that time (outdoor, basically no lighting, I have to be alert to the surrounding situation at any time, extremely tense time), Jack must be a skilled knife user. ?

C, all the victims were stabbed from right to left by a knife, which means that Jack is probably left-handed or skilled in using knives with both hands. This speculation indirectly indicates that Jack is probably an experienced doctor or anatomist. ?

D, it's possible that Jack didn't do it alone. This inference is widely accepted by "royal conspiracy theorists", but there is no evidence that Jack has an accomplice. ?

E, Jack must be a man with some physical strength. ?

The last one became the main flaw of the "Royal Conspiracy Theory". William gill (William? Gull) is considered to be over 70 years old when he committed the crime. Such an old man, no matter how good his anatomical skills are, his physical strength does not allow him to carry out such a laborious murder.

[Edit this paragraph] The Whitechapel serial murder case

The first message sent by the suspected killer was "Dear? Boss "1On August 7th, 888, a female corpse was found in Whitechapel, East District. The deceased was a middle-aged prostitute Martha Tabuli Ann (Martha? Tabram), 39 knives in his body, 9 of which went through his throat. At 3: 45 am on August 3 1 of the same year, another prostitute, Mary Ann Nicholas (Mary? Ann? Nichols) was found dead in Whitechapel (Bucks? Row), aged 43. Not only was her face bruised, some front teeth fell off and her neck was cut twice. But the most cruel thing is that the abdomen was cut open, the intestines were dragged out, and the vulva was seriously stabbed by a sharp knife.

Because there are few murders near the church, these two cases and several previous murders have aroused public concern, and some media even refer to the "serial murders in Whitechapel" (The? Whitechapel? Murder) said it was the same murderer. This vivid description caused panic among local residents, so the police sent more plainclothes detectives to patrol here, and local residents also organized patrols to maintain law and order. This makes people believe that such cases will not be repeated.

Jack the Ripper: Unexpectedly, eight days later, at 5: 45 am on September 8, a man lived in Hanbury Street (Hanbury? Street)29, the old driver found a female body in the back fence of his cheap hotel-style apartment. The deceased was 47-year-old prostitute Anne Chapman (Annie? Chapman). Like the previous victim, her throat was cut, her abdomen was cut, her intestines were left on her right shoulder, and part of her uterus and abdomen were cut off by the murderer. He had obvious ligature marks on his neck. It is said that he called for help before he died, but he ignored it. Because it was the first time that the murderer committed a crime near the house, it was still close to 5 am, but there was no obvious noise. This case became the most famous case committed by the murderer who will be called the Ripper in the future.

On September 27, Central News Agency (Central? News? Agency) received a letter written in red ink, covered with fingerprints and signed "Jack the Ripper" (Jack? That? In the letter, he joked that he was the murderer of prostitutes and claimed that he would continue to kill more prostitutes before he was arrested. As the title of this letter is "Dear Boss" (Dear? Boss), and then sent the first letter to the murderer who called in the future.

At one o'clock in the morning on September 30th, a coachman found Elizabeth Stade (Elizabeth? Step) body. Unlike the first two victims, the 44-year-old Swedish prostitute died of excessive blood loss from the left carotid artery. Although her throat was cut, she did not have a laparotomy. Because of the different modus operandi, some people suspect that the murderer in this case is not directly related to the first two murders by caesarean section.

Just as a large number of police arrived at Elizabeth Staade's morgue, at about 1 45 in the morning, Catherine Aidos, a 46-year-old prostitute (Catherine? Eddowes) was found dead in Bishop's Square (Mitre? Square). In addition to being cut throat and laparotomy, the intestines were thrown to the right chest, and some uterus and kidneys were deprived. Since the patrol police claimed that there was nothing unusual here at 1 30, it was inferred that the deceased was killed between 1 30 and 1 45, and his abdomen was cut open. The killer's neat modus operandi made most people think that he might be a professional surgeon.

At three o'clock in the morning, a police officer searching for suspicious suspects was on gaston Street (Goulston? Street) found a piece of clothing stained with blood, which was identified as part of Kathleen Erdos' apron. On the high wall near where the clothes fell, a line written in chalk by the suspected murderer was found: "Jews are not a nation willing to be resented!" " ("that? Juvis. Is it? Isn't it? That? Men? That? Will. Is it? Accused? For what? Nothing), but another policeman remembered that it was "yes"? Juvis. Is it? That? Men? That? Will. Isn't it? Is it? Accused? For what? Nothing. After that, the police chief Thomas Arnold (Thomas? Arnold. ) I visited the scene and read this message. I was afraid that the graffiti on the wall would be seen by passers-by after dawn, but it aroused anti-Semitic feelings and ordered it to be erased on the spot.

Last victim: The next day, 65438+1 October1,the Central News Agency received another postcard with the words written in red ink. In the letter, the writer claimed to be "naughty" (naughty? Jacky), and mentioned that he intends to "do two more things the next day"-generally believed to be two murders of Elizabeth Stade and Catherine Erdos in the early morning of September 30. In addition, the author mentioned that he planned to cut off the dead man's ear and send it to the police, which was similar to the case where the external ear of Kathleen Erdos was damaged. Finally, the writer left the generic name of "Jack the Ripper". In the future, this letter will be called "naughty Jack" by the writer.

10 On June 5438+05, a letter was sent to the Whitechapel Alert Committee (Whitechapel? Alert? This letter has attracted everyone's attention again. There is half a kidney in this letter, which is written in black ink. The screenwriter claimed to be "from hell" and said that this kidney was taken from "a certain woman" (generally thought to be Catherine Erdos), and half of it was fried and eaten by him. Different from the previous two letters, this letter has no signature, and people will use "from hell" ("from? Hell ") named this letter. Compared with the first two letters, it is generally believed that this letter is most likely written by the murderer himself.

1October 9 165438+A Dorset? The landlord on the street asked his assistant to find Mary Jane Kelly (Mary? Jane? Kelly's room was unpaid for six weeks, but the 25-year-old young prostitute was found dead in bed through the window: she was naked, with ligature marks on her neck, her chest and abdomen cut open, and her ears, nose and breasts were cut off. It is said that the murderer took her to a nearby fireplace to cook and eat (but some people think that she was cut off by the murderer and taken away). One neighbor claimed that Kelly was alive at 8: 30 last night, that is,165438+1October 8 (although her description of Kelly's appearance was not completely correct), and another neighbor claimed that she heard a miserable female scream around 4 am that day. But what is certain is that Kelly appeared in the bar at 10 the night before the body was found.

After the murder of Mary Jane Kelly, Jack the Ripper seems to have disappeared: there is no similar murder method in London, and the media's interest in this murder has gradually faded. However, the police mobilized a lot of manpower, but failed to solve the case, which was criticized by people from all walks of life in Britain, including Queen Victoria, and led to changes in the top management of the police. 1892, the police announced that they would stop investigating the serial murders in Whitechapel.

Letters from the Ripper: During the whole process of the Ripper's crime, the police and newspaper industry received hundreds of letters about the case. Some letters come from people who wholeheartedly provide information to help catch the murderer, but most letters are ignored because they are considered not helpful to the case.

Perhaps among the hundreds of letters, the most attractive ones are those claiming that the murderer wrote them himself. Most of these letters are considered as scams. Many experts pointed out that "none of these letters are true", but they probably contain the real murderer. Verified by modern and present authorities, three letters are the most striking:

"Dear Boss" Letter: The date is September 25th, the postmark date is September 27th, and the recipient is Central News Agency (Central? News? Agency), was sent to Scotland Yard on September 29th. At first, this letter was considered as a scam, but when aldous's body was found to have one ear partially cut off, this letter proved to be "cutting off the ladies' ears" ("editing? That? Ladies. Ears? Close ") attracts people's attention. The police released this letter on June 10, hoping that someone could recognize the handwriting in the letter, but in vain. The name "Jack the Ripper" first appeared in this letter, and gained world-class notoriety after it was published. Most meaningless letters imitate the style of this letter. After the serial murder, the police announced that the letter was a scam by local journalists.

Naughty Jack postcard: postmark 1888 65438+ 10/month 1, sent to Central News Agency (Central? News? Institutions), the handwriting in the text is similar to "Dear boss letter". The letter mentioned two victims? (that is, Stoddard and aldous) will die very close: "Two things at this time" ("Double? Events? This? Time. " )。 Controversially, the letter was sent before the murder was announced, and it doesn't look like it was written by a weirdo with such criminal knowledge, although the postmark was sent 24 hours before the murder, and the details behind it were also known to local residents and journalists. Later, the police station announced that it had confirmed that the letter was written by a specific reporter, who was also the author of Dear Boss's Letter.

"Letter from Hell": Also known as "Lusk Letter" (Lusk? Letter) postmarked 65438+1October 65438+May, George Lusko (George? Lusk) received in June 1888 10 16. When Lusko opened the small box attached to the letter, he found half a kidney in it. The doctor who kept it in the spirit of wine (ethanol) said that this is a human kidney. One of aldous's kidneys was taken away by the murderer, and the doctor thought that the kidney sent to Lusco was "like that taken by Catherine aldous", although his findings were very unreliable [1]. The author of this letter claimed that the other half of the kidney had been "fried and eaten". The story about this kidney is inconsistent: some people insist that it belongs to aldous, but others think it is just a "horrible prank, that's all."

In some places, another letter will be listed, that is, the date is 1888 September 17, which is considered as the first message using the name Jack the Ripper. Experts believe that this is a modern fake that was only put into police files in the 20th century, and it has been a long time since the ripper committed the crime. They realized that the letter had no police seal to check the date of receipt, and no early investigator had checked whether it was potential evidence. In addition, there was no mention of this letter in any police file at that time. Some people who read the letter claimed that it was written with a ballpoint pen, which was invented more than 50 years after committing crimes in Jack the Ripper.

Victims: All the confirmed victims are middle-class prostitutes, except Mary Jane Kelly, who are middle-aged but have no fixed residence. The victims were all killed in secret or semi-secret places, and most of them were drunk before they died. The body of the deceased showed that the victim's throat was cut and his abdomen was often cut open after death. Some victims were even cut off by the murderer. Nowadays, many people think that the victims were strangled in the first place in case they called for help. The internal organs of some bodies were taken out, and according to the wounds on the bodies, the murder weapon was thought to be a knife as sharp as a scalpel, so it was inferred that the murderer had considerable surgical and medical skills and might be a doctor or a butcher.

▲ Mary Ann Nicholas? My maiden name is Mary Ann Walker, nicknamed Polly. Born on August 26th 1845, died on Friday, August 26th 1888.

▲ Anne Chapman? My maiden name is Eliza Ann Smith, nicknamed "Black Anne". 184 1 was born in September and 1888 died on Saturday, September 8th.

▲ Elizabeth Stade? Her maiden name is Elizabeth Gustas Dot, and her nickname is "Long Leeds". 1843165438+1Born in Sweden on October 27th, 1888 was killed on Sunday.

▲ Katherine Aidos? The former aliases "Kate Conway" and "Mary Ann Kelly" came from husbands Thomas Conway and John Kelly who were married according to common law. 1842 was born in April of 14, and 1888 was killed on September 30th.

▲ Mary Jane Kelly? After a trip to Paris, she called herself "Mary Janet Kelly" and was nicknamed "Jiang". It is said that 1863 was born in limerick or Limerick, Mü nster, and/kloc-0 was killed on Friday, October 9th.

Possible victims: Other victims who were attacked or killed by similar methods at that time are listed in the table below. Information about these victims is very limited, including:

▲ "Fei Xiaoxian" ("Fairy? Fay ")

This is1887 65438+February 26th, the nickname of the deceased in an unknown murder case. The cause of death was identified as "a pillar at the apex of the heart penetrated her abdomen". The media generally believe that "Fei Hsiao-hsien" is an own goal product related to Emma Smith's murder (see below): they mistake Emma's friend for another murder when she was attacked on Christmas Day the year before the murder. The word "Fei Hsiao-hsien" appeared many years after Emma Smith was killed, and it seems to come from the famous song Polly? Wally? DuDu) Lyrics: "Enjoy it, my Fei Xiaoxian" (ticket price? You? Hmm? Mine? Fairy? Fay), there is no evidence that this victim really exists. Records of the murder scene also show that there were no women surnamed Fei nearby at that time.

▲ Anne Milwaukee (Annie? Millwood)

Born around 1850, she is said to be the victim of an attack on February 25th, 888, which resulted in her being hospitalized with "multiple stab wounds in her legs and lower body". After that, she was discharged from the hospital smoothly but died on March 3 1888, probably due to some natural factors.

▲ Ada Wilson (Ada? Wilson)

It is said that she was the victim of an attack on March 28th 1888. She was stabbed twice in the neck, but she survived.

▲ Emma Elizabeth Smith (Emma? Elizabeth? Smith)

Birth date 1843. On April 3rd, Kloc-0/888 was attacked, and a blunt instrument penetrated the vagina, resulting in perineum rupture. After being attacked, she managed to walk back to her rented house with injuries. When she came back, her friend took her to the hospital. She told the police that she was besieged by two or three people, one of whom was underage. Then he fell into a coma until1died on April 5, 888.

▲ Martha Tabuli Ann (Martha? Tabram)

Her maiden name is Martha White, and sometimes her real name is misspelled as Martha Tablan? Tablan). Born in May of 1849, died on August 7th of 1888 and was stabbed 39 times. For some incomplete reasons, such as lack of criminal evidence and motivation, geographical and temporal proximity, and standard attack methods, Tabrian is most often regarded as another victim of the Ripper's knife, but the biggest difference between them lies in the criminal technique (puncture, not strangulation or throat cutting). But now people think that the murderer will change his modus operandi, even dramatically.

▲ "The Mystery of Whitehall" ("The? Whitehall? Mystery ")

This word refers to1the headless female body found in the basement of the new London police headquarters building in Whitehall on June 2, 888. One arm that originally belonged to this corpse was found in Pimlico on the Thames, and the other leg was dismembered and buried under the body. The remaining hands and feet have not been found, and the identity of the deceased has never been confirmed.

▲ Anne Farr (Anne? Farmers)

Born in 1848, it is said that he was the victim of the attack on 1888+065438+ 10/2. In this attack, her neck was cut open and she almost died. Fortunately, the wound is not deep, obviously because the murder weapon is a blunt knife. The police suspected that the wound was purely self-mutilation, so they quickly stopped investigating the case.

▲ Rose Mire (rose? Mylett)

Her real name may be Catherine Millay, but she is also called Elizabeth "drunken Liz" Davis, "beautiful" Alice or "Clara". Born in 1862, died in1888165438+1October 20th. It is said that she was strangled by a "rope tightly wrapped around her neck", although some investigators believe that she was accidentally strangled by a collar she was wearing when she was drunk.

▲ Elizabeth Jackson (Elizabeth? Jackson)

A prostitute,1889 May 3 1 On June 25, some of her remains were salvaged from the Thames. It is said that these body parts were identified according to the scars on her body before she disappeared. Obviously, she died of murder.

▲ Alice McCarthy (Alice? Mackenzie)

Nicknamed "Guan" Alice, and used the alias Alice Brian. She was born around 1849 and died in July 1888. It is said that the cause of death was "carotid artery rupture", but several other minor abrasions were found on the body.

▲ "Binch Street Murder" ("The? Pinchin? Street? Murder ")

This refers to the headless body found in September 1889, which is similar to the "Whitehall mystery" except that both hands were not cut off. A conjecture that could not be confirmed at that time believed that the exact identity of the body was Lydia Hart (Lydia? Hart), a missing prostitute. Binch Street Murder and Whitehall Mystery are often considered to be the work of the same serial killer, so he is called "headless corpse killer" or "headless corpse killer". However, whether Jack the Ripper and the "headless corpse killer" are the same person or not (but they probably live in the same area) has become a long-term debate topic among ripper researchers. In addition, Elizabeth Jackson is also considered to be another victim of the headless corpse killer.

▲ Francis Cole (Francis? Coles)

Also known as Francis Coleman, Francis Huggins or nicknamed "Orange Hair Neil". Born in 1865, died in 189 1 February 13. A small cut on the back of her head showed that she was violently thrown to the ground and her throat was slit. However, no other signs of dismemberment were found on the body.

▲ Kelly Brown (Kelly? Brown)

The nickname "Shakespeare" comes from her habit of reciting Shakespeare's sonnets when she is drunk. Born in Manhattan, new york, USA about 1835, 189 1 was killed on April 24th. She was suffocated by clothes and then dismembered by a sharp knife. On his body, he found a big tear in the vulva and minor cuts on his back and legs. Although her ovaries were found in bed, no organs were removed. Whether this is a mystery to the murderer is unknown. At that time, the murder was compared with the murder of Whitechapel, but the London police firmly denied the connection between the two.

Some ripper researchers cited the case of disabled boys and thought that they might also be the criminal targets of the ripper, because at that time, several letters claiming to be murderers were sent to the police, repeatedly threatening to kill young children.