The war of killing Han nationality in Qing dynasty.

The war of killing Han nationality in Qing dynasty.

The rulers of the Qing Dynasty, from Nurhachi, Huang Taiji to Dourgen, were all famous for their ferocity. During the resistance, regardless of the military and civilians, whether they participated in the resistance or not, they were slaughtered or plundered as handmaiden. In April of the second year of Shunzhi, the Qing court sent troops to the south, that is, slaughtered the Han people on a large scale, and staged scenes of terrible slaughter. Dourgen once issued a "massacre order" on behalf of the Manchu nobles, and led the army to annihilate Jiangnan and Lingnan. Jiangyin, Kunshan, Jiaxing, Changshu, Haining, Guangzhou and Ganzhou. And even colluded with Dutch colonists to attack Xiamen. At that time, the Qing army almost killed all the Sichuanese, and later had to "fill Sichuan with Huguang" and immigrate. ?

Before the initial pacification of China, the Qing army fought and burned for 37 years; In just over 30 years, the population of China will be reduced from 5 1.65 million in the three years starting tomorrow to 17 1.9 million in Shunzhi, a net decrease of two thirds! Throughout China, "there is no village in the county, no home in the village, and no perfect family". Those brave and thoughtful people who dared to resist in Daming were killed several times, leaving behind generally obedient "slaves". Mr. Lu Xun said: "Manchu killed the integrity and shame of the Han people." In fact, the East lags behind the West, starting with the demise of the Ming Dynasty. ?

Everyone may be familiar with the atrocities recorded in notes such as Ten Days in Yangzhou, A Chronicle of Friends in Jiading, and A Brief Introduction to Bian Jiang.

The official data of Manchu and the atrocities described by third parties are listed below.

The first part: Announcement of Manchu official massacre.

First of all, the Manchu dynasty published a large number of proclamations about the massacre, the most famous of which was the official data of the Manchu dynasty, A Record of the Qing Sai-jo (Volume 17), which was recorded in June of the second year of Shunzhi:

"Since this notice, the capital inside and outside, zhili provinces, limit ten-day scraping. If you avoid pity and argue skillfully, don't borrow it lightly. " He also declared: "In the counties and counties where I pass, I can cut my hair and throw it, and open the city to pay, that is, to honor my wealth. If there is resistance and disobedience, everything will be burned and slaughtered when the soldiers arrive. " ("Fire" Volume IV)

1649 Another proclamation in Sichuan Manchu, with similar tone:

"Thieves mix, jade is inseparable. Or slaughter the whole city, or slaughter men and keep women. "

Another official historical material of the Manchu Dynasty, Donghua Record in the First Year of Shunzhi, records: "Those who don't shave their hair and change clothes under the current system will be killed without forgiveness."

The notice of Zhenjiang magistrate is: "One person does not scrape the whole family, and one family does not scrape the whole village"! Gather the heads of the rebels to intimidate the people.

In the second year of Shunzhi (the first year 1645), Governor Tu of Jiangning announced: "Shaving and refitting are the first strict orders of the new dynasty, and the law must be enforced all over the world, regardless of gentlemen, soldiers and civilians. ! Nanshan can move, this order can't move! "

In the official announcement of the Manchu dynasty, there were a lot of vicious threats such as "killing the whole city", "killing everything", "killing without forgiveness", "killing the whole family" and "killing the whole village". The information listed below proves that the public threat of the Manchu dynasty was not just verbal.

The second part: The massacre before the Qing Dynasty (later Jin Dynasty) entered the customs.

First of all, before the Qing dynasty entered the customs, its slaughter of Han people in Liaodong was also widely recorded in the original documents. Here are a few examples: In the first month of the ninth year of the mandate of heaven, Nurhachi issued nine orders to investigate the so-called "Han people who have no valley" (everyone has a valley, it is better to use a metal bucket), and ordered the officers and men of the Eight Banners to "regard people who have no valley as enemies" and "send them by prisoners". Finally, on the 27th day of the first month, he ordered: This is blatant genocide!

On the third day of October in the tenth year of the mandate of heaven, Nurhachi accused the Han people of "harboring spies, accepting Zagreb's remuneration and constantly betraying" and ordered Baylor and the company commanders of the Eight Banners to prepare officers and generals above the suggestion and lead their foot soldiers to "branch to the fortress, that is, dismount and slay it".

As the third-party historical data of North Korea, Records of the Li Dynasty Guang Haijun recorded the tragic experience of Han people in Liaodong in May 13: "Slave thieves were in Liaoyang, and the soldiers and civilians in Liaodong Eighth Station were unhappy with their lives, and there were as many as rivers ... Later, when thieves were big, the righteous refused to shave their heads, and they all died in duck water (Yalu River)."