Map of Hubei in Ming Dynasty

Before Jiajing, the territory of the Ming Dynasty was roughly "Korea in the east, Tufan in the west, Daban in the south, 11,750 miles from east to west and 10,94 miles from north to south. 10 million square kilometers. The South China Sea's "Thousand Miles of Changsha, Wan Lishi Lang" has entered the territory. His voice was taught to pay tribute at the age of 18, instead of ordering officials to buy books. Persons detained in Hou Wei are not included in this figure. Alas! (Geography of the Ming Dynasty) In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia was used many times, and more than 40 guards were set up along the border with Mongolia, including Dongsheng Guard, Yun Chuan Guard, Guanshan Guard, Quanning Guard and Laohahe Guard, all of which were important frontier areas in the Ming Dynasty. Its direction is roughly the line from Yinshan Mountain to the southern foot of Daqing Mountain to Xilamulun River. /kloc-After 0/5th century, due to the cold weather and poor farming, the frontier troops were transferred by the Prince of Yan to participate in the Jingnan War. So the border moved a little south. During Yongle period, Ming Chengzu made many northern expeditions, and the border situation once changed. However, after the middle of Ming Dynasty, as Mongolia became strong again, Mingbian moved south again. The Great Wall (then called the side wall) was built to defend Mongolia. Nine major towns (Liaodong, Jizhou, Fu Xuan, Datong, Yansui, Ningxia, Gansu, Taiyuan and Guyuan) were set up along the Great Wall to strengthen the defense. The Great Wall also became the northern part of the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and it was also the dividing line between farming areas and nomadic areas. Zhu Yuanzhang set up Liaodong Division to manage Liaodong and Northeast China. And repeatedly marched into the Heilongjiang River basin, wooing the Jurchen tribe, and the Ming Dynasty forces once reached the estuary of Heilongjiang and Sakhalin Island. 1409, the Nur Puppet Division was established, and all the troops of the Ming Dynasty retreated to Liaodong. After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, even the Songhua River Basin was not visited, and the northeast defense was handed over to the northeast minority tribes to which the Ming Dynasty belonged. Nur Padawan * * * managed more than 30 health centers in/kloc-0, which were abandoned in 1434. During the orthodox period, the Jurchen Department of Wuliangha and Jianzhou of Mongolia moved southward and invaded the Dusi of Liaodong continuously. 1469 (the fifth year of Chenghua), the Ming government built the Liaodong side wall. /kloc-At the end of 0/6, Nuerhachi, the leader of the Jurchen in Jianzhou, began to rise, unified the Jurchen Department, and the health centers established in the Ming Dynasty gradually died out. 16 16 Nurhachi proclaimed himself emperor and won gold after the founding of the People's Republic of China. 16 19 After the Battle of Salhu, the late Jin army broke through the side wall of Liaodong and occupied most of the land in Liaodong. During the Hongwu period, the northwest border of Ming Dynasty arrived in Hami area of East Xinjiang and set up a series of health clinics. /kloc-After the 5th century, Turpan in the northwest and Mongolia in Qinghai became stronger and stronger. 1472, Hami Acropolis was once invaded by Turpan, and it was moved to the inland, then recovered, and merged again in 15 14. /kloc-after the second half of the 0/5th century, the northwest garrison was completely lost, and the Ming Dynasty retreated to Jiayuguan. It was not until 138 1 year that southwest China was completely incorporated into the territory. And set up a series of toast and Xuanwei Division under its jurisdiction, and the border reaches the first line of north-central Myanmar, northern Laos and northern Thailand. But in the later period, these areas were mostly merged by countries all over the world. 1406, the Ming army attacked Annan, and the south was limited to the area of Darinan County. The following year, Annan's Political Department was established, with 15 prefectures, 36 states and more than 200 counties. Later, due to the fierce resistance of the local people, the Ming government gave up on 1427, and Annan restored the Li Dynasty. 1624, Dutch colonists entered the south of Taiwan Province Province and built the city of Gireland. Spanish colonists entered the northern part of Taiwan Province Province on 1626. 1642 Holland drove out the Spaniards and occupied most of Taiwan Province province. 166 1 year, Zheng Chenggong attacked Taiwan Province province, drove out the Dutch the following year and began to rule Taiwan Province province. 1553 Portugal acquired the right to anchor ships in Macao, and 1557 acquired the right of abode. However, the Ming government still has the sovereignty of Macao when it manages the Portuguese. In the early Ming Dynasty, the administrative divisions of the Ming Dynasty followed the provincial system of the Yuan Dynasty, but later they were deeply inconvenienced and reformed. 1376 (the ninth year of Hongwu), the province was changed to undertake the publicity and deployment department, but it was still customarily called "the province". 1370 city guards were set up in all provinces, and 1375 was changed to command the embassy department. 1428 After abandoning Annan, the Ming Dynasty set up 13 embassies in Beijing, including Shi Jing (northern Zhili), Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan (more than five northern provinces), Nanjing (southern Zhili), Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Huguang, Sichuan (more than five middle provinces), Guangdong and Sichuan. A * * * set up 16 Dusi, 5 Dusi and 2 Liusi in the Ming Dynasty. Thirteen of them are Dusi with the same name as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the other three are Wanquan Dusi, Daning Dusi and Liaodong Dusi. The five elements are Shaanxi (governing Ganzhou Wei, now Zhangye), Sichuan (governing Jianchangwei, now Xichang), Huguang (governing Yunyangwei, now Yunxian County, Hubei Province), Fujian (governing Jianning House, now Jian 'ou City) and Shanxi (governing Datong House). These two left-behind parts were Zhongdu left-behind department (now Fengyang) established in Hongwu period and Du Xing left-behind department placed in Chengtianfu (now Zhongxiang, Hubei) in Jiajing period. In addition, in Qinghai and Tibet, where politics and religion are integrated, and in Wu Si, the Dusi and Duogan Dusi in Tibetan areas (actually controlled by local religious leaders, temples of the Eight Fakings and fiefs of feudal families), as well as Hami and Quxian Wei in the border areas of Gansu and Qinghai today, all belong to the nature of imprisonment, which is different from that of Dusi and Hangdu in the mainland. In the Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent the concentration of local forces, a province was divided into three divisions: capital, cloth and press. After Xuande, ministers from six ministries and academies (Duchayuan) were sent to supervise local administration in the name of the governor. After Jingtai dynasty, it became the routine system of all provinces. The governor mainly acts as an agent in the military, which is divided into short-term and long-term The governor is in charge of civil affairs, and all provinces have it. Some governors have jurisdiction over two deployment sites, such as Shanxi and Henan governors in the orthodox period. Some countries have a province and a governor. Some provinces have several governors. For example, there are three governors in North Zhili: Shuntian Governor (in Zunhua), Baoding Governor (in Calm, now Zhengding, Hebei Province) and Fu Xuan Governor (in Xuanhua, Hebei Province, once in charge of Datong Prefecture, Shanxi Province); There are two governors in Nanzhili: Governor Ying Tian (in Suzhou, now Suzhou, Jiangsu) and Governor Fengyang (in Huai 'an, now Chuzhou, Huai 'an, Jiangsu). Some have governors at the junction of several provinces. For example, Governor Shao Ting in the south of Jiangxi province spanned Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian provinces. The setting of administrative divisions in the Ming Dynasty generally conforms to the convenience of mountains and rivers, but there are still some unreasonable points. For example, South Zhili originally crossed Huaibei, Huainan and Jiangnan. Jiaxing, Huzhou and Hangzhou, however, were included in Zhejiang Province and separated from Suzhou, which is also the Taihu Lake basin. And Henan province also occupies part of the land north of the Yellow River. Guizhou province presents a butterfly shape with narrow middle and wide sides. According to Geography of Ming Dynasty, there were 140 states, 193 states and 165438 counties at the end of Ming Dynasty. According to "Shi Mingbing System II", there were 493 health centers and 359 health centers in the Ming Dynasty. In addition, Ming also set up a road between the province and the government and county. There are two kinds of roads: guard roads and patrol roads. The road from the Ming Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty was the official government, with the amount of tax and grain as the dividing standard. More than two hundred mangoku grain is the upper house. Below 200,000 yuan,100,000 yuan is the middle-level government, and below100,000 yuan is the lower-level government.