Study and Employment of Seafarers

(1) Europe

1, Poland

Poland, located in central Europe, is a member of the European Union, with a population of over 38 million, and uses Polish. As a result of joining the European Union, he gained more opportunities to work as a seaman in Europe. Generally speaking, the service period of Polish crew on board the ship is 4-6 months, and the crew's salary is higher than the minimum wage standard stipulated by ITF or the European TCC wage standard is adopted. Polish crew members are liked by European shipowners because of their good quality, especially German shipowners employ more Polish senior crew members. According to the data of the 6th General Meeting of China Maritime Personnel Coordination Agency, there are about 6,000 middle and senior seafarers and 6,000 ordinary seafarers. Senior officers and officers have good English and high employability. Polish sailors are famous for mainly serving bulk carriers, but their wages are above average. There are three maritime training institutions in Poland, and the training is based on the British system. Interns teach in public colleges for five years and private colleges for three years.

2. Croatia

Croatia has a population of about 4.5 million. Because of the low economic level and high unemployment rate, seafarers are a popular occupation in this country. At present, there are about 10000 senior crew members and more than 13000 ordinary crew members. Croatian crew members are considered capable of maintaining a high professional level, and senior crew members have excellent English. As an international labor force, Croatian seafarers are considered to have high use value, and have been an attractive center for providing seafarers, especially special ship seafarers, liquefied petroleum gas and chemicals for some time. Croatian crew members are favored by ship management companies and shipowners.

The general contract service period of senior crew is 4-6 months, and that of ordinary crew is 6 months. The crew's salary standard is higher, generally higher than the European TCC standard. Compared with other European countries, the salaries of senior officers are considered higher. There are five maritime colleges in Croatia, which train students: two years in school and two years at sea.

3. Ukraine

At present, there are about 14000 international seafarers and about 23000 ordinary seafarers in Ukraine. Mainly serving dry bulk carriers, oil tankers and other ships, lacking experienced crew. The crew is of good quality and good boating skills. Besides good English, many senior officers can speak Greek, French and Italian fluently, which has created more employment opportunities for them.

The general contract period for senior crew members is 5-7 months, and that for ordinary crew members is 6-9 months. The salary standard is close to the JSU standard in Japan.

4. Denmark

Denmark is one of the oldest maritime countries in the world and has a long tradition of training qualified professional seafarers with a population of about 5.5 million. Danish international seafarers have more than 4,500 senior and intermediate crew members and about 8,500 ordinary crew members. A large number of senior crew members work on Danish ships. The salary of the senior crew is too high, and the captain is about 8000- 10000 USD/month, which leads the shipowner to register the flag of convenience. There are 10 maritime colleges in Denmark to train senior seafarers, and the study period is 4-4.5 years.

5. Romania

Romania has a long shipping history and a population of about 2 1 10,000. There are more than 4,000 senior and intermediate international seafarers and more than 5,000 ordinary seafarers. Senior officers have good English, and senior officers have good English. Generally speaking, the contract service period of senior crew is 6 months, and that of ordinary crew is about 8-9 months. Seafarers' wages are basically the same as ITF's standards, and seafarers' careers are very attractive in Romania. It is predicted that seafarers' services are increasing.

There are two maritime colleges, where interns are trained for five years, and the training expenses are shared by the government, employers and students.

6. Russia

The population of Russia is about 145 million. Russian seafarers began to enter the seafarers' labor market in 1980s, mainly serving European shipping companies, and developed steadily. Russia is the most populous country in Europe. Compared with other countries, it is rich in human resources and widely favored. Large ship management companies open offices in Russia or cooperate with others to open offices. The offices are mainly located in St. Petersburg and Novosibirsk, and small shipping companies generally recruit crew members through crew agents.

At present, there are about 22,000 middle and senior seafarers and about 34,000 ordinary seafarers. Senior officers have a good command of English, the general contract period is 6 months, and the European TCC salary standard. Russia is one of the world's major seafarers' export centers, and it is predicted that seafarers' services will show an upward trend. The training of interns needs 3+ 1 year, 3 years in colleges and universities and 4 years at sea.

(2) Asian region

Philippines, 1

The Philippines consists of more than 7000 islands. People are close to the sea and are very familiar with it. The Philippines is the largest exporter of seafarers in the world. At present, there are more than 50,000 international seafarers with middle and senior crew members and more than 6,543.8+0.8 million ordinary crew members. Filipino crew members are highly obedient and loyal, and are favored by shipowners all over the world. The Philippine government attaches great importance to seafarers' service, and the relevant laws and regulations are relatively perfect, which provides users with a safer employment system and the security of seafarers' personal income, and promotes the development of seafarers' service industry. The Philippine crew is mainly sent by half a team, and it is difficult to train senior officers and interns. Generally speaking, the wages of Filipino seafarers are signed according to CBA standards. At present, the Philippines is challenged by Eastern European and Asian countries, but it is too early to shake its dominance. At present, Filipino seafarers are still the mainstream seafarers' country, but we can't ignore that shipowners are training new seafarers to compete in order to prevent Filipino seafarers from monopolizing the market and constantly raising rents.

There are a large number of training institutions in the Philippines, but only a few of them meet the standards of STCW Convention. Interns are generally trained for 4 years and studied at school for 3 years.

2. India

India has a population of about 654.38 billion, and the official languages are Hindi and English. Indian sailors are fluent in English because their second language is English, which creates good conditions for their labor export. India has more than 65,438+02,000 international seafarers and more than 43,000 ordinary seafarers. Indian seafarers' wages are generally higher than the European TCC standards, and the contract service period of senior seafarers is 4-6 months, while that of ordinary seafarers is 9- 10 months.

There are a considerable number of maritime training institutions in India, and Indian sailors are considered to be diligent and professional. India has a wealth of ship managers, who can be found in world-famous ship management companies, which has a favorable impact on the development of Indian seafarers' labor market.

3. Myanmar (Southeast Asian countries)

Myanmar has a population of more than 44 million, and the official languages are Burmese and English. Myanmar has a long history of navigation, and its navigation training is based on the British training system. Myanmar's economy is underdeveloped, and seafarers' occupation and income are very popular. Among international seafarers, there are about 6,000 senior crew members and about 23,000 ordinary crew members. Senior officers and officers have good English, and the crew have good qualities of stability and reliability. Myanmar has not joined the ITF organization, so the crew's salary is low and the crew's cost performance is high. Generally, the contract service period of Myanmar seafarers is 9 months for senior seafarers and 0/2 months for ordinary seafarers. Maritime training institutions 1, and the training is conducted in accordance with the English system.

4. Crew resources are the key to the development of overseas shipping industry. With the continuous development of the world shipping fleet, the age structure of the crew in OECD countries is aging, and the new generation no longer favors the crew occupation, which leads to the shortage of senior crew worldwide and brings huge market space to the crew exporting countries. The globalization of crew procurement makes this opportunity equal to all crew exporting countries. The biggest disadvantage of China is that the general impression of European and American shipowners on China crew members is that their English level is poor. And the biggest advantage is rich human resources. China has a population of1300 million, so it should not be difficult to train a group of high-quality sailors. Therefore, if we want to seize this opportunity, make China's seafarers' overseas assignment industry bigger and stronger, and compete with the seafarers' exporting countries such as the Philippines and India, the key lies in whether we can have enough high-quality seafarers' resources.

Judging from the current crew resources in China, although we have 500,000 seafarers, China is a big shipping country, and the demand for its own crew is also huge. At present, there are only more than 40 thousand crew members available for overseas assignment, and the rest are employed by domestic shipping companies. In this case, we have enough high-quality crew members, and we must try our best to make full use of rich human resources and tap the crew talents.

1. Increase the number of seafarers sent abroad.

When the crew goes out, it can not only make a fortune, but also solve the employment problem of the surplus labor force and achieve the effect of stabilizing one side. Therefore, seafarers' labor dispatch is an industry with both economic and social benefits. At the same time, seafarers' labor service industry is an important part of foreign labor service cooperation. All government departments, shipping companies and labor agency companies work together to mobilize the enthusiasm of related industries, form a joint force and unify the outside world.

2. Develop strong cooperation with ship management companies.

Two years ago, Japanese shipping giant NYK entrusted Shanghai Maritime College to train a group of crew members. This kind of cooperation can reduce the training risk, instill the shipowner's corporate culture into the crew earlier and broaden the train of thought of crew training. Moreover, after graduation, you can immediately work in an internationally renowned shipping company, which is also very attractive to young people and is conducive to more young people to join the navigation industry. Generally speaking, China seafarers' overseas assignment industry is facing challenges and opportunities. However, we believe that as long as we seize the historical opportunity, speed up the training and construction of senior seamen, give full play to our advantages and gradually expand the scale of labor dispatch, China seafarers' overseas dispatch industry will usher in a brilliant tomorrow. I am a sailor. If you have anything, please ask me Q 59 58 54 187.