Yuan Chonghuan: The Last Lifesaving Straw of Ming Dynasty

This composition is about 3 150 words in senior three. The title is "Composition: Yuan Chonghuan, the Last Lifesaving Straw of the Ming Dynasty". Everyone is welcome to contribute enthusiastically.

China's feudal dynasty lacked nothing but unjust cases.

When it was Yuan Chonghuan's turn to plead guilty, the situation was a little bad. He died, and the Ming Dynasty perished. Without the Lord of recovery, who should I shout to?

And the charge of collaborating with the enemy and betraying the country is certainly wrong, but there are two crimes, and Yuan Chonghuan deserves it. First, boasting about Haikou's "five-year return to Liao" in front of Emperor Chongzhen is romantic and bold enough to condemn him for dereliction of duty. Second, they shot off Mao's head. He also shot, shot, shot, shot, shot, shot, shot, shot, shot. Turn your back and gnash your teeth: What a despotic Yuan Chonghuan!

With this foundation, Huang Taiji, who was beaten by Yuan Chonghuan, had a long braid and felt it. He personally operated, worked late at night and made a pair of "little shoes" for Yuan Chonghuan to wear. Then, in the late autumn of A.D. 1630, Yuan Chonghuan was taken to the execution ground, and the people swarmed for the meat of traitors, eating it raw and cursing it.

The most tragic scene appeared in Beijing, where "double agent" was used to the most successful degree in history.

A scholar went to lead troops.

If the Hakkas in Dongguan, Guangdong Province see the tragic situation of Yuan Chonghuan's execution, they will certainly beat their chests and feet. In the eyes of fellow villagers, Yuan Chonghuan is called "three good students" because of his enthusiasm, boldness and love of reading.

1598, Xiao Yuan, a "three good students", was fourteen years old. He is a mule or a horse. When he went out for a walk, he knew that his father had led him to Guangxi to visit his grandfather who was doing business.

It happens that Guangxi is taking an examination of boys.

Xiao Yuan's newborn calf is not afraid of tigers. Willy-nilly, he is determined to take part. Grandpa found a familiar squire, gave him a temporary residence permit, and asked him to take the exam as an impostor. Sure enough, he was admitted and became a disciple. Xiao Yuan tasted the sweetness of "college entrance examination immigration", and simply took the student status in tengxian, Guangxi, and won the enrollment rate. He went forward bravely on the broad road to study as an official, and pk lost many schoolmates and successfully advanced to the palace examination. In the main hall of Emperor Wanli, there was a discussion about one article and one policy. He wrote beautifully and was immediately appointed to Shaowu County, Fujian Province.

The new scholar who was just about to be proud of the spring breeze was ordered to leave, but he suddenly heard the courtiers exclaim: The Imperial Division was defeated in Liaodong!

Fifty thousand soldiers, under the iron hoof of Kinnurhachi!

This is Salhu's defeat that shocked the ruling and opposition parties.

This is also a sad cry that awakens Yuan Chonghuan. Confucianism burst into flames, blood flowed, scholar Yuan Chonghuan was dead, and general Yuan Chonghuan stood firm. At this time, he was thirty-five years old.

Yuan Chonghuan, who works at the grass-roots level in southeast China, usually rehabilitated unjust imprisonment, paid taxes fairly and rewarded chivalry. He is mainly veterans and demobilized officers, and specializes in inquiring about the war in Liaodong. Leisure activities are looking up at the map and looking down at Sun Wu. Three years later, that is, 1622, when the term of office expires, Beijing will convene county-level officials to make a pilgrimage. In fact, it is to listen to the debriefing report and decide on appointment, removal and promotion. Unexpectedly, Yuan Chonghuan's kung fu is all outside his duty. As soon as he rode through the customs and surveyed the terrain, he hit the floor and said, give me food and grass, and I can keep Shanhaiguan alone.

When Nurhachi captured Shenyang and Liaoyang, the officials of Manchu civil and military were afraid of war. Yuan Chonghuan, a humble magistrate of a county, suddenly became a fire in the dark. After the storm, a rainbow made suggestion Wang Richai, Hou Xun, former Liaodong governor Xiong Tingbi and Ministry of War minister Sun Chengzong sit up and take notice. Emperor Apocalypse made an exception and promoted him as the director of the Ministry of War. Soon, he was promoted to be the overseer of Shandong Province and Shanhaiguan, and allocated 202,000 silver to expand the army.

Yuan Chonghuan, who has always regarded himself as a scholar, took a step to lead the troops as a scholar.

Before going through customs, he visited Liaodong coach Xiong Tingbi who was "dismissed" at home after the defeat. Xiong Tingbi tentatively asked: "What strategy does Yuan Gong intend to adopt in Shanhaiguan?" Yuan Chonghuan answered with confidence: "Defend first and then fight!

"Hearing this, the battle-hardened Xiong Tingbi sit up and take notice.

Yes, I kept the life of the Ming Dynasty and the glory of Yuan Chonghuan's military career. After a bloody battle, it came in persistence.

Killed Nurhachi in World War I

The first military mission was to supervise the army in Guangning, 35 miles outside Shanhaiguan.

Yuan Chonghuan's physical fitness is good, and his "capital" is sufficient. So, after receiving the order, he kept walking until the early hours of the morning, which made the officers and men in the station unable to return.

What's more, Yuan Chonghuan quarreled with his boss Wang Zaijin. If he wants to keep the pass, he has to push the defensive line and can't keep it in front of his own thin door, right? Thirty-five miles is not enough, at least 200 miles north to Ningyuan. This side to the emperor sent his teacher Sun Chengzong patrol, take over running, according to the general program of Yuan Chonghuan to build Ningyuan city.

This scholar is really resourceful. In order to stabilize the border defense, Yuan Chonghuan adopted the policy of "raising Liao with Liao soil and protecting Liao soil with Liao". He retired the soldiers transferred from Henan, Shandong and Northwest China, asked them to pay military expenses, and supplied the saved wages to elite teachers. At the same time, Yuan Chonghuan encouraged local people to resume production and rebuild their homes. As soon as the policy came out, it was immediate, and the land eroded by the post-Jin regime returned to the control of the Ming Dynasty. A new defense system with Ningyuan City as the center and surrounding castles as the link was initially formed.

Unfortunately, the harmonious barracks did not last long. Because of the party struggle, Sun Chengzong was dismounted by eunuch leader Wei Zhongxian, and Gao Di, who succeeded to the throne, just wanted to hide in the Shanhaiguan Pass for passive defense. Ningyuan City in Yuan Chonghuan has become an island, and Nurhachi smiled slyly: "I can kick it down with the tip of my boots."

Can he really do it?

Yuan Chonghuan's answer is, take ten thousand people to kick Nurhachi one hundred thousand people!

1626 in the first month, the first hard battle started. Yuan Chonghuan first set the morale of the army, put all the money in stock on the city, and rewarded those who bravely retreated from the enemy; Anyone who gets cold feet will be beheaded immediately. After determining the strategy, cover it with artillery, bend bows and arrows on the city, and pick stones at the gate to strengthen the city wall. In the firelight, a small cannon stone came into close contact with Nurhachi, and a generation of Tianjiao Khan was injured and died for several months. This is the first great victory since the Ming army started the war with Houjin, and the only defeat since the powerful Nurhachi started the war.

Ningyuan triumphed, and the Ming Dynasty fainted with joy. It turns out that the Eight Banners are not invincible, and the original myth can also be created by us. "come on

General Yuan was promoted to the governor of Liaodong, in charge of the defense outside the customs. "

However, Nurhachi left and Huang Taiji came. He avenged his father, put aside Ningyuan and laid siege to Jinzhou to fight the second tough battle.

Yuan Chonghuan smiled when he saw it. We had a good name for this trick 1,800 years ago, and it was called "Take the plank road in the morning and sneak into the warehouse". Huang taiji, Huang taiji, how can you underestimate my IQ? You think I don't know what you mean by Ningyuan?

So Yuan Chonghuan still held on, the sooner he waited. He only sent four thousand elite riders, which disturbed the rear of Huang Taiji. Huang taiji couldn't attack Jinzhou in front and couldn't hold his position in the back, so he had to kill his carbine and storm Ningyuan. As a result, naturally, like his father, he was defeated by the strong city of Yuan Chonghuan.

Ningjin won a total victory.

This was another major military victory of the Ming Dynasty, which meant that an effective method was found to break up the cavalry's attack. Although under the framework of Wei Zhongxian's "ignoring Jinzhou", Yuan Chonghuan was forced to return to his hometown for leisure, but his personal reputation reached its peak. Even the Eight Banners admitted that "the discussion of war and defense began in Chonghuan".

Cut the general with one knife.

The stars are moving, the sky is unchanged, and the emperor is changing. A few months later, Emperor Chongzhen came to power. The first thing the young emperor did was to recall Yuan Chonghuan, so he asked a question: Tell me honestly, can Liaodong still hold on? Can I still sit on the emperor's bench?

Yuan Chonghuan opened his mouth to answer: Five years after Liao Dynasty.

Chongzhen was overjoyed, good good, as long as you can recover Liaodong, you want money and officials, anything will do. From now on, you are the Minister of War, Ji Liao, You Yushi, and Tianjin Military Supervisor. Is your official name too long? It doesn't matter, in a word: if you have difficulties, find Chonghuan.

Both subjects, asking and answering questions, went well. Xu Yuqing, who gave something aside, listened to the cold sweat. How to calculate, five years to recover Liaodong, talent, material resources and financial resources can not be arranged. Yuan Chonghuan smiled indifferently: "I think the emperor is so impatient with the war in Liaodong, so he might as well promise to go back to Liaoning five years later to comfort him."

Xu Yuqing is pale. Boy, no wonder you are so smooth, I am so reckless, you are so anxious, so well matched, wait and see.

After returning to Shanhaiguan, Yuan Chonghuan still tried his best to treat his work well. But the defects in personality are more obvious. As early as working with Sun Chengzong, the emperor's teacher and a friend he knew, he found that an officer lied about the number of soldiers, so he cut off people's heads and made Sun Chengzong very angry. You are the prison army. Who gave you the power of life and death? Knowing that he was indefensible, Yuan Chonghuan leaned forward to apologize, but he didn't take it seriously.

With the increase of Yuan Chonghuan's power, this kind of military arbitrariness and conceit finally reached the point of killing Mao.

At this time, Yuan Chonghuan felt that Mao Longwen, the company commander of Liaodong Dongjiang, drew a line on his cake and established a separatist regime. If he wants to unify military power, he will not tolerate this grain of sand. So, in the name of military parade, Yuan Chonghuan arrested Mao, who also had a sword, and publicly announced his twelve counts, thus "clicking" him.

People's comments and ministers' criticisms are secondary. The key is that Emperor Chongzhen was "horrified".

In the deteriorating relationship between monarch and minister, Yuan Chonghuan ushered in the last battle of his life: the battle to defend Beijing.

A.D. 1629, in November of the second year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji drew lessons from the battle of Ningjin, bypassed Yuan Chonghuan's defense line, and went straight to Zunhua, with Chen Bing under the Jingguang Qumen.

Yuan Chonghuan at this time, I don't know if I really lost my head. He took his fighters and ran into the pass behind Huang Taiji. No snipers were arranged all the way, and three rivers and Xianghe were lost.

Shunyi and other suburban counties in Beijing ran directly to Guangqumen before they went to war with Huang Taiji.

This is a big problem. Without the imperial edict of the diligent king, why did you lead troops to Beijing? Want to rebel? Even if you don't rebel, you will go deep behind enemy lines!

In the cold winter in Beijing, Yuan Chonghuan led 9,000 troops to fight against 100,000 troops of Huang Taiji in Guangqumen. War is not tragic; Victory is not a tragedy. However, one step wrong, one step wrong. Before we can enjoy the ecstasy of being saved by Beijing, a sunset has reflected the bloody criticism of the Forbidden City: Yuan Chonghuan was arrested.

At this point, Huang Taiji, who lost his temper early on the battlefield, seized the last chance.

He called two eunuchs captured in the defending war in Beijing and staged the oldest trick of surrendering and betraying the country.

Everything was so old-fashioned. Two eunuchs fled back to the palace and reported to Emperor Chongzhen: "The smooth entry of Huang Taiji's army was caused by Yuan Chonghuan's connivance. Later, Huang Taiji retired voluntarily, which was also a plot of playing hard to get with Yuan Chonghuan. Previously, Yuan Chonghuan killed Mao in order to weaken the defense ability of the Ming Dynasty in Liaodong. Yuan Chonghuan has surrendered the gold. "

What should I do if I meet an emperor who is deeply suspicious and full of lies? After being imprisoned for eight or nine months, Emperor Chongzhen ordered the execution of Yuan Chonghuan.

Here comes the saddest scene. When a hero is executed, he makes mistakes himself. Being spit on and dying is Yuan Chonghuan's biggest and most unappealable grievance.

The history of the Ming Dynasty ended sadly. "Since Chonghuan is dead, no one will benefit from border affairs, and the Ming Dynasty will be determined."