History Lesson Manuscript Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty

Let me first borrow an opening paragraph from the Baijia Lecture Forum: The Han Dynasty was a magnificent dynasty in Chinese history, but its rule went through a process from doing nothing to rule by doing nothing to only respecting Confucianism. The background of this process Yes: After recuperating and recuperating, the Han Empire, which was beginning to prosper, was facing dual threats from both inside and outside. The Han Dynasty had to implement the "marriage" policy, marry out princesses, pay tribute, and endure huge national honor and disgrace. The severe situation requires giants to support us. Due to accidental reasons, history chose a 16-year-old boy to take on the important role. His name is Liu Che. Liu Che: He should be regarded as the most accomplished monarch in the Han Dynasty, and his achievements exceeded those of the great ancestor Liu Bang. From the establishment of centralization to the reform of the economic system and the strengthening of foreign relations, everything showed his heroic demeanor; however, his great success, extravagance, and "witchcraft" in his later years made him a controversial emperor. . Now, on top of his merits and demerits, let’s talk about his character. Overall, he should be considered a bloody king, which is what I admire the most. This makes some of his mistakes and deficiencies understandable. Some books have commented that Liu Che is a person who goes too far and can turn good things into bad things. I prefer this kind of domineering recklessness. There is no perfect person in the world. How can a man, especially a king, take on such a big responsibility without such domineering power? However, I have always disliked Liu Che because of his coldness and selfishness. He has always been rational and decisive, but also cruel. He puts his foundation first and will not be too affectionate towards anyone, including his wife and daughter, let alone his beloved ministers. This may be a necessary condition for becoming a British hero, but as a man, he lacks some personality charm.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty created six "firsts";

First: the first emperor to unify his thoughts with Confucianism.

Second: The first emperor to establish Imperial College to cultivate talents.

Third: The first emperor to vigorously expand China's territory.

Fourth: The first emperor to open the Western Regions.

Fifth: The first emperor to use the emperor's reign name to identify the era.

Sixth: The first emperor to use self-criticism in the form of an edict to blame oneself.

People’s evaluation of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: he was talented and ambitious, militaristic, made major tributes, and was extremely dictatorial. So what kind of emperor was he?

25 Historical Initiatives by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty 1. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to use a reign name. He created a reign name in 113 BC, first with a reign name for six years (140 BC-104 BC) ), and then a year name for four years (104 BC-87 BC). ? 2. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to formulate and promulgate the Taichu calendar in a unified country. The fact that the first month is the beginning of the year has been used until now. ? 3. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he wrote my country's first biographical history book "Historical Records", which had a huge impact on the history of later generations. ? 4. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the "Yu Map" appeared in our country's historical records after the unification of Qin. In April of the fourth year of Yuan Shou, Bingshen said, "The imperial servant Gongsun He went to the imperial censor to serve as a doctor... He presented the Yu Map and requested the founding of the country. "Han Shu·Wu Di Ji" records that in the autumn of the sixth year of Yuan Ding, "General Fuju was sent out of Jiuyuan by General Gongsun He", and the note cited by Wang Zan said: "Fuju, the name of the well, among the Xiongnu, went to Jiuyuan for two thousand people." Here, see the map of Han Dynasty." According to Yan Shigu, Chen Wangzan lived in the early Jin Dynasty. This shows that the map of the Han Dynasty was seen by Wang Zan, the first minister of the Jin Dynasty. This also shows that the regional concept of the country has clearly emerged in the Han Dynasty. This has a non-negligible impact on future physical geography research. ? 5. Recommend virtuous people and give honest advice to those who give advice. Emperor Wu personally counseled and selected talents to serve as officials. This is the so-called inspection and recruitment system. ? 6. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism and used Confucianism as the country's ruling ideology. ? 7. In the fifth year of Yuan Shuo, the Doctor of the Five Classics appointed fifty disciples and returned to his original body; local counties and counties could select some people according to certain conditions and receive their careers as disciples. After examination, those who can master one or more arts can be employed as officials. The selection of officials from among the national imperial students began here. ? 8. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism, he also "extended (introduced) hundreds of schools of thought", forming a pattern in which Confucianism was used as the ruling thought while also using hundreds of schools of thought. This will also have a huge impact on future generations. ? 9. In the second year of Yuanfeng (109 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to the scene to supervise the blocking of the gourd breach in the Yellow River. This was the first time since the unification of the Qin Dynasty that the emperor came to the site to regulate the Yellow River. ? 10. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the columbine (local method of seeding) was popularized for sowing. This method has been used in China for more than 2,000 years. ? 11. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, opening up the Silk Road and promoting economic and cultural exchanges between China and the West. This is the first time in Chinese history. ? 12. In the sixth year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (105 BC), he married Wusun, the daughter of the clan's daughter Xijun, as the princess. This is the first time in China's history that it has made peace with a country in the Western Regions. ? 13. In Luntai and Quli and cultivate fields, envoys and school captains were placed side by side. This is the first time in Chinese history that farming has been carried out in what is now Xinjiang, China. ? 14. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the well canal method was used to build the Longshou Canal. It was later introduced to Xinjiang, China, and then to Persia and other places. ? 15. Grapes and alfalfa planting were introduced from the Western Regions, and a well-bred horse - Tianma was introduced from Dawan. Music and magic from the Western Regions were spread to China, and China's cast iron technology, silk fabrics, donut canal method, and lacquerware were spread to Dawan and other places. . ? 16. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty applied benevolence and righteousness and implemented rule of virtue; at the same time, he also attached great importance to the rule of law and used severe punishments to govern the country. This is also the first time in history.

? 17. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (106 BC), in order to strengthen the supervision of princes, kings and local officials, thirteen prefecture governors were appointed, and the governors with a level of 600 stones were ordered to supervise the prime ministers of counties and states with a level of 2,000 stones. ? 18. In order to strengthen the imperial power and reform the prime minister system, the Zhongchao (internal dynasty) was established, which had a significant impact on the subsequent evolution of the prime minister system. ? 19. In the second year of Yuanding (115 BC), the county and the country were prohibited from casting money, and the three officials in Shanglin, subordinate to the country, were ordered to mint money. Money other than those of the three officials could not be circulated, and all the money minted by the county and the country before was wasted. It has a great influence on future generations. ? 20. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established farming in the northwest counties through large-scale immigration, which played a major role in winning the war against the Huns and managing the Western Regions. It also had a significant impact on later generations. Cao Cao once said in the "Order to Set up Tuntians" that "Xiaowu used tuntians to determine the Western Regions, which was a good example of the past generations." This is illustrated by Cao Cao. ? 21. The appointment of officials during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was diversified. Officials with more than 2,000 dan can have their descendants become officials through the system of appointment; wealthy people can become officials through "subsidy selection"; the descendants of sages can be taken care of. For example, Jia Yi's two sons were taken care of and became county guards. However, what is particularly outstanding is that Emperor Wu used talents based on talent and not stick to one pattern. For example, the Queen's Wei Zifu was selected from among the slaves. Wei Qing and Huo Qubing were selected from slaves and slaves' children respectively. The prime minister Gongsun Hong, the censor doctor Erkuan, Yan Zhu, Zhu Maichen and others were all selected from poor civilians; the censor doctors Zhang Tang, Du Zhou and Tingwei Zhao Yu were selected from the petty officials. What is particularly noteworthy is that some of the generals appointed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty were Yue and Huns. And Jin Rixi (sound: jin'mi'di), a slave who was a prisoner of the Huns and raised horses in the palace, was actually selected as an important minister of Tuogu together with Huo Guang and Shangguan Jie. These circumstances show that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was not restricted by class origin and national differences in selecting talents. However, this does not mean that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not have standards for employing people. There were standards. The standards were to "open up a wide range of artistic skills and extend hundreds of learnings." "The one who destroys the country." This means that as long as they are willing to fight for the cause of the Han Dynasty, and have artistic skills and talents, they can be used as generals and envoys to distant countries. In a word, the standard for employing people is talent. Because of this, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was rich in talents. Ban Gu said in amazement: "The Han Dynasty prospered when it won people!" The emergence of this phenomenon is worthy of careful study. 22. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor in Chinese history to send a large army deep into the hinterland of the Xiongnu for a decisive battle. ? 23. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor in Chinese history to propose that the northern nomads, the Xiongnu, submit to the Central Plains dynasty. To this end, he built a surrender city in what is now Inner Mongolia. Although Emperor Wu did not achieve this goal during his lifetime, during the Xuan and Yuan dynasties, the Xiongnu submitted to the Han Dynasty and became vassals. ? 24. After Li Guangli conquered Dayuan, many countries in the southern part of the Western Regions surrendered to the Han Dynasty. In the second year of Emperor Xuan's reign (60 BC), the Xiongnu kings surrendered to the Han Dynasty. The Xiongnu people did not dare to fight for the Western Regions, so they dismissed the young servant captain. Emperor Xuan appointed Zheng Ji as the governor of the Western Regions to manage the countries in the south and north of the Western Regions. The countries in the Western Regions surrendered to the Han. At this point, everything from the west to the Caspian Sea became the territory of the Han Dynasty. This was the first time in Chinese history. ? 25. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty pacified South Vietnam, he established Dan'er County and Zhuya County on present-day Hainan Island for the first time, and ruled the area of ??today's Hainan Island and the South China Sea Islands.

In the history of the development of the Chinese nation, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty created several firsts: First, he respected Confucianism; following Dong Zhongshu’s suggestion, he “deposed hundreds of schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone” and created the orthodoxy of traditional Chinese mainstream culture. It has dominated the cultural stage for more than two thousand years and has been highly praised by rulers of all ages. What needs to be explained here is that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not restrict the development of other schools, but strongly advocated the development of Confucianism and the integration of Confucianism and Legalism. For example, Xiahou Shichang studied Confucianism and was familiar with Yin-Yang and Five Elements; Prime Minister Gongsun Hong also governed both Confucianism and Legalism; his father Yan started his career as a political strategist; and the upright Sima Tan of Ji'an and Sima Qian started his career with Huang-Lao theory. 2. Establishing the Central Dynasty? Suppressing the External Dynasty; During the period of Emperor Huiwen and Jing, most of the prime ministers mainly followed Liu Bang to conquer the world. appeared during this period. Three established era names; the first emperor in Chinese history to use an era name. In 113 BC, Emperor Wu took the current year as the fourth year of Yuanding, and changed it to Jianyuan, Yuanguang, Yuanshuo? Yuanshou, each year. No. six years. The fourth Taichu calendar was changed; the Taichu calendar was changed in the first year of Taichu (104 BC), with the first month as the beginning of the year, and the color was yellow. Wuyantieguanying; Yantieguanying has continued since the Han Dynasty to this day. Today, Yantie tea is still mainly controlled by the government and state-owned enterprises. Six connections to the Western Regions; China introduced technologies such as iron smelting, well digging, silk manufacturing, and lacquerware manufacturing, and the West (regions) introduced Hu (yellow) melons, carrots, grapes, sweating horses, walnuts, and Tianma, etc. History It is of great significance to expand the territory. Northwest: The successive efforts of Huo Qubing, Wei Qing, Li Guangli, Zhang Qian, Xijun Jieyou and others brought the Western Regions into close contact with China for the first time, laying the foundation for later incorporating the Western Regions into Chinese territory. Southwest: The successive appearance of envoy armies merged the southwest border into Chinese territory for the first time. North: Wei Qing and Huo Qubing's attack stabilized northern Xinjiang for a long time and protected the stability of the capital. As a result, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty became the first emperor of the ages to be paralleled by Qin Shihuang, and later generations often referred to him as "Emperor Qin and Emperor Wu of Han".

Introduction to Maoling of Han Dynasty Maoling is the tomb of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. It is located in Maoling Village, Nanwei Township, northeast of Xingping City (formerly Xingping County), 40 kilometers northwest of Xi'an City. It is now a national key cultural relic protection unit.

It was built between 139 BC and 87 BC, which lasted 53 years. In the second year of the founding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (139 BC), Emperor Wu Liu Che built the Shouling Mausoleum here. Emperor Wu was buried here after his death in 87 BC. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che was a very talented feudal emperor who could be compared with Qin Shihuang in history. When he was in power, it was the heyday of the Han Empire. He adopted a grand strategy of rewarding farming, developing production, enriching the country and strengthening the army, and fighting against the Xiongnu. In politics, While strengthening the centralization of power, we implemented the government-run system of salt boiling, iron smelting, transportation and trade economically, built water conservancy, developed agriculture, and carried out foreign trade; we fought against the Xiongnu militarily and opened the road to the Western Regions. Firmly controlling the Hexi Corridor and heading south to Hainan basically formed the pattern of the living space of the Chinese nation, allowing the Han Empire to stand in the east of the world with a unified, prosperous and powerful posture. The Maoling Mausoleum is a majestic building, and the burial objects in the tomb are extremely luxurious and rich. It is said in history that "Money, property, birds, beasts, fish, turtles, cattle, horses, tigers, leopards, and poultry, all 190 things were hidden away". ? It is said that Emperor Wu's gold-engraved jade clothes, jade box, jade staff, etc. were buried in the tomb. At that time, the cemetery also had a worship hall, a sleeping hall, and houses for palace maids and mausoleum keepers to live in. There were 5,000 people here to manage the cemetery, responsible for watering trees, sweeping, and other errands. Moreover, Maoling County was built in the southeast of Maoling. Many civil and military ministers and wealthy people moved here, with a population of more than 277,000. ?Maoling's burial mound is in the shape of an overturned bucket, with an existing residual height of 46.5 meters. The base of the tomb is 240 meters long. The cemetery is square in shape, with a side length of about 420 meters. To this day, the earthen palaces on the east, west and north sides still exist, and the tombs surrounding the mausoleum include the tombs of Mrs. Li, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Huo Guang, Jin Rixi and others. It is the largest tomb of the emperors of the Han Dynasty, took the longest to build, and has the richest burial objects. It is called the "Pyramid of China." Nine of the 11 emperors of the Western Han Dynasty are buried in Xianyang Yuan Mausoleum. The tombs are arranged from west to east, nearly a hundred miles long, and magnificent. ? Tickets: Peak season: (March 1st - November 30th): 45 yuan; off-season: (December 1st - the end of February): 25 yuan

Detailed explanation of the Han Maoling Mausoleum by the Jin Dynasty Zhao Bingwen has a poem It says: "No one can be seen by the Weishui Bridge, but there are unicorns rubbing the high tombs. The bones of eternal fame have turned into dust on the Xianyang Plain." His poem tells the historical scene on the Xianyang Plain. Traveling across the distance of time and space, through these desolate tombs on display, people seem to see the rise and fall of the Xianyang Plain, hear the neighing of the horses of the owners of the ancient tombs, and read the wonderful chapters of the Xianyang ancient tomb culture. The Guanzhong Plain at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains starts from Baoji in the west and ends at Tongguan in the east. It is sandwiched between the Qinling Mountains and the Beishan Mountains in the north and south. It is one of the birthplaces of ancient civilization. The Wei River flows from west to east through the strip-shaped Guanzhong Plain, so it is also called the Wei River Plain. In ancient times, this area belonged to the Qin State and was about seven to eight hundred miles long, so it was also known as the "Eight Hundred Miles of Qinchuan". During the Western Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties, Guanzhong was the richest place in the country, accounting for six-tenths of the country's wealth. The ancient capital of Xi'an is located on the south bank of the Wei River in the middle of this plain. Eight rivers, including the Feng River, Hu River, and Ba River, meander from the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains, forming a scene of "eight rivers surrounding Chang'an". Huashan Mountain, Lishan Mountain, Zhongnan Mountain and other majestic peaks belonging to the Qinling Mountains are listed in the south of the urban area. There are many mountains and mountains, and the clouds are steaming and the clouds are shining, forming a beautiful landscape. Xianyang, located in the hinterland of Guanzhong and at the intersection of Jing (River) and Wei (River), is the main gathering place for the imperial tombs of the Western Han Dynasty. In the 214th year of the Western Han Dynasty, 11 emperors built 11 cemeteries, 9 of which were located on the Xianyang Plain. The most important of them were the Five Tombs, namely Gaozu Changling, Huidi Anling, Jingdi Yangling, and Wu Emperor Maoling. and Emperor Zhao's Pingling Tomb. At that time, these Wulings were all built and managed by mausoleums, so they were called "Wulingyuan". The descriptions in ancient poems that "the young people in Wuling are fighting over their heads" and "the horses in Wuling are light and fat" refer to the dandy boys who lived in these Lingyi (counties) at that time, fighting cocks, running horses, and doing evil things. Among the 11 imperial mausoleums in the Western Han Dynasty, the largest one is the Maoling Mausoleum of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In Chinese history, only the Lishan Tomb of Qin Shihuang can compare with such a large imperial mausoleum. Maoling is located in the northeastern plain of Xingping County, Shaanxi Province, and in the southeast of Nanwei Township. It is 12 kilometers away from Xingping County in the west and 15 kilometers away from Xianyang City in the east. It is far away from Jiujun Mountain to the north and Zhongnan Mountain to the south. To the east and west is the "Wulingyuan" that stretches hundreds of miles. This place originally belonged to Mao Township in Huaili County during the Han Dynasty, so it was called "Maoling". It is 46.5 meters high, 39.25 meters long from east to west at the top, and 40.60 meters wide from north to south. According to "Guanzhong Records": "All Han tombs are 12 feet high and 120 feet square, but Maoling is 14 feet high and 140 feet square." The above figures are basically consistent with today's measurements. The total area is 56,878.25 square meters, and the soil volume is 848,592.92 cubic meters. The cemetery is surrounded by a square shape with a flat roof, small at the top and large at the bottom. It is shaped like an overturned bucket and looks solemn and steady. The construction of Maoling began in 139 BC and was completed in 87 BC, which lasted 53 years. "Jin Shu Suo Sui Zhuan" says: "One year after the emperor of the Han Dynasty came to the throne, he built a mausoleum, and the world paid one-third of the tribute. One for the mountain temple, one for the guests, and one for the mountain tomb." In other words, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty mobilized the whole country One-third of the total taxes were used to pay for the construction of the mausoleum and the collection of funerary items. When the mausoleum was built, more than 3,000 construction craftsmen and art masters were recruited from various places. The scale of the project is jaw-dropping. The Zi Palace of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had five coffins and two coffins. The five-layer coffin is placed on the coffin bed in the middle of the coffin room at the back of the tomb. The second half of the tomb is a coffin chamber, which has two floors. The inner layer is made of flat vertical wood stacked into a "door" shape. There is a gap on the south side, and the outer layer is Huang Chang Ti Cou.

The wood used for the five coffins is catalpa, catalpa and nanmu. The three types of wood are hard and fine in texture, resistant to moisture and have strong antiseptic properties. Around the Zi Palace, there are four xian gates, as well as a toilet and a building with a huangchang title. The function and purpose of the toilet is to "sit in a hidden place". "Hanshu·Huo Guangzhuan" says: "Sitting on the side is not a regular bed, but it is a place where guests can stay on the side." Simply put, the side room is a place that imitates the living and feasting of living people, and is regarded as the most important place for living people during their lifetime. Precious objects were buried with the deceased in the tomb to be enjoyed in the underworld. "Huang Chang Ti Cou" is made of "yellow core of cypress wood, which is wrapped around the outside of the coffin, so it is called Huang Chang. The wood is all inward, so it is called Ti Cou." After the death of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the surface of Huang Chang Ti Cou was polished very smooth. It is quite labor-intensive and needs to be stacked up from 15,880 yellow intestine trees with a length of 90 centimeters and a height and width of 10 centimeters. In 87 BC, after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died, he was buried in the front hall of Weiyang Palace. According to "Xijing Miscellaneous Notes", "Emperors of the Han Dynasty left a jade box with pearls and jade in their mouths when they died. The box was shaped like armor and connected with gold threads." In the Zi Palace, Emperor Wu held a cicada jade in his mouth and wore a jade box with gold threads. "The boxes are all engraved with images of dragons, phoenixes, fish and lins, which is known as the dragon jade box." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was tall and fat, and the jade clothes he wore were very large, with a total length of 1.88 meters, and about 2498 large and small jade pieces. It is composed of gold wire weighing about 1100 grams. The underground palace of Maoling is filled with a large number of rare treasures. "Hanshu Gongyu Biography" says: "Emperor Wu abandoned the world, and Huo Guang was dedicated to his work. He hid too much money and property, including birds, beasts, money, turtles, oxen, horses, tigers, leopards, and poultry. There were ninety things in them, and he hid them all." "New Tang Dynasty" "Book·Yu Shinan Zhuan" also records: "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty has been buried for a long time, and there is no more content in the mausoleum." From the above records, we can see that because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty reigned for a long time and was in the heyday of economic prosperity, so There are many funerary objects. In addition to more than 190 kinds of funerary objects, live cattle and horses, tigers and leopards, fish and turtles, birds, etc. are also buried together. According to other records, the king of Kangqu State presented the jade box and jade staff to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, as well as the 30 volumes of miscellaneous scriptures that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty read during his lifetime. They were placed in a gold box and buried in the mausoleum.

The Golden House Hidden Beauty "The Story of Han Wu" is also known as "The Story of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty". There are various opinions about the author of this book: Ban Gu of the Han Dynasty, Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty, and Wang Jian of the Southern Qi Dynasty. However, there is no definite evidence. And because the events recorded have many sources in historical books, it is regarded as a legendary novel. Among them, there is a large discrepancy between the historical records and the section about the hidden beauty in the Golden House. "The Story of Han Wu" records that Liu Che and Chen were married before Empress Bo and Liu Rong were deposed. According to the records in "Historical Records Volume 49 Volume 19 of the Foreign Relative Family", the marriage between the two occurred after Empress Bo and Prince Liu Rong were deposed one after another, and Liu Che was established as crown prince. Explanation Jiao: Originally refers to Chen Ajiao, the cousin of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty Liu Che. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty loved Gillian when he was young and wanted her to live in a golden house. Refers to a gorgeous house for the wife and concubines you love to live in. Also refers to taking a concubine. Source: The Strange Novel "The Story of Han Wu": "If you get Ajiao as a wife, you can store it in a gold house." Allusion: Chen Ajiao and the political overtones of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Chen Ajiao (Empress Chen) was actually a historical figure. Tragic figure. In fact, Queen Chen's tragic experience also had political factors. When Emperor Wu was established as the crown prince, he relied on his aunt, the eldest princess Liu, for prostitution. The condition is that Liu Che marries Chen Ajiao, the only daughter of the eldest princess. The eldest princess relied on her merits in supporting the emperor, but Emperor Wu was deeply troubled by it. Queen Chen was also extremely arrogant, so Liu Che alienated Gillian. But Liu Che's mother, the Queen Mother, immediately warned him: You are new to the throne, but the ministers are not convinced. The Empress Dowager and the Empress Dowager were already angry because of the restructuring. Now "if you are dissatisfied with the eldest princess, you will be seriously offended, so be careful!" The so-called "ministers are not convinced" refers to the undercurrent of opposition to Liu Che among the officials and dignitaries. The so-called "severe offence" means that he will not be able to become the emperor. Emperor Wu did not have the strength to compete with the Dou family at this time. When the important minister he appointed, Zhao Wan, suggested that the Dou family should no longer interfere in the government affairs, he angered the Dou family. The Dou family forced Emperor Wu to abolish a series of reform measures that had just been implemented. The prime ministers and lieutenants he appointed were also forced to be dismissed, and some ministers were forced to die in prison. But Liu Che was an extremely smart man, and he immediately turned to the eldest princess and empress Chen. From the second year of Jianyuan to the sixth year of Jianyuan, he wandered around hunting and no longer interfered with major political policies. Thanks to the protection of the eldest princess and Liu Che's keeping a low profile, his throne was preserved.

Mixed praise and blame? Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor to use the "Edict of Sin" to criticize himself. In the fourth year of Zhenghe (89 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty declared to the world that he had caused suffering to the people, and he would no longer engage in military warfare, waste money and people, and even express his inner regret. This is the "Luntai Sin Ji Zhao". This edict was the first imperial edict in Chinese history to punish oneself. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was undoubtedly the first person to dare to sin against himself and put his own mistakes at the center of public opinion in the world! At this point, future generations of emperors would issue "edicts to blame themselves" when they made big mistakes, publicly admit their mistakes, and show their attitude as wise kings. Ji An, who was outspoken and dared to remonstrate, once criticized Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: The emperor killed too many people, even those he usually trusted, would not forgive him. If this continues, sooner or later all the talented people in the world will be killed. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was unmoved and smiled indifferently: There is no talent in the world, but the master does not have the wisdom to recognize talents. If you can identify talents, why worry about the world being without talents? (The recruitment of officials and officials is often insufficient. However, the nature of the ministers is severe. Although the officials love and believe in them, they may break the law or deceive others. They often punish them without mercy. Ji An admonished him: Your Majesty, you work hard to seek talents. , He has already killed them without using them to their full potential. I am afraid that all the talented people in the world will be exhausted. He said: How can there be no talent in this world?

If you can recognize it, why bother if there is no one? The so-called talents are still useful tools, but those who have talents are unwilling to use them to their full potential. It's the same as having no talent, what's the point of not killing? ) was such an emperor of the Han Dynasty who regarded talents as nothing but grass. On the one hand, he loved and cherished talents extremely. Under the feudal autocratic system, there are two bad habits in the use of talents: one is nepotism, and only those who are familiar with and trusted are used; the other is ranking based on seniority, which must be based on the "thirty-nine steps", one step at a time, and no "chaos" Got the rules. And Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty would not abandon people just because of his words: as long as he was talented and his father Yan held different political views, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty would still be eager for talents; secondly, he would dare to promote people out of the ordinary: because of his ability and his background as a slave in the Wei Qing family, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty actually promoted him out of the ordinary. Not only that, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty even abandoned orthodoxy and accommodated heterogeneous people. He discovered Dongfang Shuo with his discerning eye and turned the solemn court into a lounge full of warmth and joy. The monarch and his ministers were like playmates. At the same time, he did not lose his principles by being obscene. He admired Dongfang Shuo's criticism and obeyed his advice. When he first read "Zixu Fu", he fell in love with it; meeting the author Sima Xiangru felt like a treasure, allowing him to enjoy the same writing treatment as himself. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was unique throughout the ages in his ability to recognize people, accommodate people, and utilize people. The First Emperor of Qin and Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty regarded literati as corrupt scholars, while Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty may be able to understand people, but in the end they are not as generous as they should be. One of the mistakes he made in his life was to castrate Sima Qian, the greatest historian in Chinese history. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was misunderstood and controversial. Sima Qian praised and criticized him in "Historical Records", and Ban Gu's "Book of Han: Chronicles of Emperor Wu" greatly praised his literary governance: Ban Gu praised: When Xiaowu was first established, Zhuoran deposed hundreds of schools, listed the Six Classics, and then classified In the sea of ??consultation, he raised his handsome figures and made meritorious deeds with them. He established Imperial College, established suburban sacrifices, corrected Shuo, fixed calendars, and harmonious rhythms, composed poems and music, established Zen confederations, and worshiped hundreds of gods. After the Zhou Dynasty, he issued orders and articles that could be described in a new way. The descendants followed Hong Ye, and the style of the three generations continued. For example, Emperor Wu's talents and strategies did not change the courtesy and frugality of Wen and Jing to benefit the people. Although it is said in poems and books, how can it be added to it? Ban Gu never mentioned the martial arts of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, indicating that he had reservations about the martial arts of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When it comes to Sima Guang's "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", it is also a combination of praise and criticism: Chen Guang said: "Xiaowu is extravagant and lustful, has many punishments and severe restraints, has luxurious palaces at home, and is surrounded by barbarians in foreign affairs." Believing in gods and monsters, wandering without restraint. He made the common people become thieves and thieves, which is very different from Qin Shihuang. However, when the Qin Dynasty fell and the Han Dynasty prospered, those who were filial and military could respect the ways of the previous kings, knew what they were commanding, and accepted the words of loyalty and uprightness. The wicked deceive, the virtuous are tireless, and the punishments are strict. If you change your ways late, you will win people. Is this the reason for the loss of the Qin Dynasty and avoiding the disaster of the Qin Dynasty? Why are people's evaluations of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty so divided? First of all, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a very multi-faceted person. He is a politician and very politically savvy; but he is also an ordinary person with both joy and sorrow. He is a wise king who is well aware of his historical responsibilities; but he is also a tyrant who kills willfully; he has made unparalleled achievements, but also brought huge disasters to the people of the world; he dotes on the woman he likes, but , he not only fell in love with another woman, but also killed his most beloved woman for the sake of the country. He is extremely smart, but also extremely confused; for the legendary BMW, he is willing to sacrifice the lives of tens of thousands of people. When we get closer to him, we find that in these opposing roles, he is not simply either/or. In dilemmas, he will also be hesitant and even extremely painful in extreme situations; he also has the joys and sorrows, stinginess and calculations, insomnia and anxiety of ordinary people. In the eyes of ordinary people, he is decisive, confident, and talented. However, when we comment on his coffin, we often tend to be extreme. When we say good things about him, one person will last forever; In this way, disagreements are inevitable. We cannot judge anyone using a single criterion. Human nature is complex, not to mention feudal emperors! Perhaps his kindness comes from his true heart, or it may be a means to win over people's hearts; perhaps his badness is due to the imperial power and he has no choice but to do so, or it may be that he is unkind and unkind by nature. Therefore, since we cannot strip him of the imperial shackles, our evaluation can only wander between his two identities of emperor and mortal. How did the innocent "Pig" transform into an emperor who was both cute and terrifying? How is it possible to summarize it in one sentence and write it down in one book? As the saying goes: The wind in the sky is mighty, the vast sea is vast, the iron horses are fighting each other, thousands of deaths and injuries are all gone; the Great Wall is majestic, the Silk Road is long, the great poems are brilliant, the beauties are desolate, they are all going away; there are swords and swords, vertical and horizontal fights, the monarch and his ministers are in love with each other for a long time. The family and the country are all gone; the power spread all over the world, the achievements are shocking, and thousands of years have passed, and the spirit is high, all is gone. Only the lone star and the cold moon, the morning bells and evening drums, the green lanterns and yellow scrolls, and the village theater are making comments and sighing every year.

Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty Liu Che (July 14, 157 BC - March 29, 87 BC), courtesy name Tong, was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty and an emperor and statesman during the Western Han Dynasty. , strategist, poet, national hero, writer. Han nationality. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was the tenth son of Han Jing Emperor Liu Qi, the grandson of Han Wen Emperor Liu Heng, the great-grandson of Han Gao Emperor Liu Bang, and the great-great-grandson of the Supreme Emperor Liu Taigong. His mother was Queen Wang Tuan. He was born in Yilan Palace on July 14, 157 BC, and died in Wuzha Palace on March 29, 87 BC, at the age of 70. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was established as the King of Jiaodong when he was 4 years old, and the Prince when he was 7 years old. He ascended the throne at the age of 16. He reigned for fifty-four years (141 BC - 87 BC) and established the most glorious achievements of the Western Han Dynasty. Previous reign names: Jianyuan, Yuanshuo, Yuanguang, Yuanfeng, Yuanshou, Yuanding, Zhenghe, Houyuan, Taishi. He was given the posthumous title "Xiaowu" and was later buried in Maoling.

"Posthumous Law" says that "power, strength and virtue are called Wu", which means that majesty, strength, wisdom and benevolence are called Wu. His talents and strategies, as well as his literary and martial arts skills, made the Han Dynasty the most powerful country in the world at that time, and he therefore became a great emperor in Chinese history. As the historical TV series "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty" says: He established a country with unprecedented dignity; He gave a group of people the confidence to stand firm for generations; his country's name became the eternal name of a great nation. The Spring Festival began when the calendar was changed in the early days of the taichu period, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty corrected it. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing made three large-scale attacks on the Xiongnu, and sealed the wolf in Xu. Zhang Qian went to the Western Regions as an envoy to open up the Silk Road. From then on, the Western Regions became a place where several major civilizations met, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was known as "the most powerful among hundreds of kings".

Huzi Song Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also wrote a certain number of Chu Feng poems during his lifetime, many of which were of considerable quality. For example, "Gourd Son Song": "What will happen if the gourd seeds are determined? The vast ocean is turning into a river. The land is not peaceful when it is a river. When the efforts are exhausted, my mountain is flat. My mountain is flat, and the huge wild fields are overflowing, and the fish are not covered with gloomy cypress trees. In winter, the righteous path is far away from the regular flow, and the dragons are flying far away. The river is full of energy, and it is peaceful and peaceful. The emperor said that the river is not merciful. The floods are endless, and the mulberry trees are floating in the Huai River. If you are full, the water will slow down after a long time."

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