Qiongqiao's pioneering work has contributed greatly.

The process of overseas Chinese in Hainan is also a bitter process. As far as family life is concerned, it is to leave one's family and go abroad. Before the 1920s, overseas Chinese in Hainan usually went abroad alone, without their wives and family. During the period from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the problem of sex ratio of overseas Chinese was a common problem in overseas Chinese society, but the situation of overseas Chinese in Hainan was more prominent. The serious imbalance between men and women leads to the subtle relationship between overseas Chinese in Hainan and their ancestral home in Hainan, that is, overseas Chinese in Hainan often have wives and family members in their hometown, so they will continue to return home to visit relatives and help their families. Compared with overseas Chinese in other regions, overseas Chinese in Hainan during the Republic of China were more concerned about the social changes in Hainan and actively participated in local political, economic and cultural activities in Hainan.

"Hainan Island" said: "Hainan islanders were originally descendants of immigrants from Guangdong, Fujian and other places who moved to Hainan Island, and probably have the habit of further seeking a better place to live. Don't take going out to work as a chore. As a result, there are the most people from Fujian in Nanyang, and there are quite a few people from Guangdong and Hakka. They have the concept of being able to endure ordinary hardships and poverty, stick to local culture, have strong cohesion in local culture, send money to their hometown, and are extremely enthusiastic about donation activities in their hometown. "

Advocates of tropical agriculture in Hainan

Overseas Chinese in Hainan are advocates and leaders of tropical agriculture in Hainan. Their pioneering work and arduous development laid the foundation of tropical agriculture in Hainan today.

Scholars in the Republic of China noticed the contribution of overseas Chinese in Hainan to tropical agriculture, especially rubber. During the Republic of China, researchers pointed out: "Qiongya is the only place in China where gum can be produced. In recent years, overseas Chinese have been abroad for a long time and are familiar with the benefits of gum, so many people have come back to Qiongya to try planting. The first person who initiated this movement was Lin He Shushi of Le Hui County. In the second year of Xuantong (19 10), he brought back rubber seeds and seedlings from Nanyang, and established Qiong 'an Company in Luohegou, which belongs to Ding 'an County, with an area of 250 mu and thousands of rubber plants. It did not germinate until the fourth year. ..... He's experiment was very successful, and mainland businessmen also heard the wind. For example, Nada Overseas Chinese Planting Company, Shibi Nanxing Company, Jiayuan Maoxing Company and Tielugang Agricultural Development Company have successively purchased seeds from Nanyang and planted them in Qionglai, and the effect is quite good. "

According to records, there are 0/50 overseas Chinese private rubber plantations in the county, mainly concentrated in that large area, and a total of 0/40,000 plants (4,600 mu) were planted before and after liberation. Among them, before liberation, 37 rubber plantations were established and more than 47,000 rubber trees were planted. After liberation, the company 1 13 was established and more than 90,000 rubber trees were planted.

From the above data, we can see that overseas Chinese played a guiding role in the formation of tropical farming in Hainan during the Republic of China. The formation of tropical agriculture in Hainan during the Republic of China was not only the introduction of new varieties of tropical crops and planting techniques, but also a new plantation economic model different from Hainan's inherent agricultural management model. Its appearance can be regarded as an outstanding performance of Hainan's social and economic modernization, the embryonic form of modern enterprise management in Hainan's agriculture, and it has had a great impact on Hainan's social and economic development.

Hainan Commercial Pioneers in the Republic of China

During the Republic of China, the social and economic components of Hainan were the efforts of overseas Chinese in Hainan. First of all, in the process of the formation of Hainan city, remittances from overseas Chinese are an important driving force to support the development of Hainan city. The researcher pointed out: "The unproductive consumption caused by overseas Chinese remittances in Hainan Island has caused a series of problems. First, from the island's weak productivity, it has formed an obvious commercial prosperity, which has a great role in the development of Haikou, Cargill and Wenchang. For example,' People in Wenchang County of this island who make a living in Nanyang remit at least four or five million yuan each year, all of which are transferred through Haikou, and almost all banks in this island are concentrated in Haikou'. The development of transit commercial cities (such as Haikou) is the biggest one. " After the founding of the Republic of China, the overseas Chinese approval industry gradually developed and occupied a large proportion in Haikou's commerce. There were 33 in the 1960s, 36 in the 1960s and 36 in the 1960s, of which 34 were established before liberation. The earliest Sansheng was founded in 19 14.

A large number of capital flows and the increase in the number of overseas Chinese have provided impetus for the development of Haikou, and a consumption-oriented city has been formed. Among them, department stores, hotels and catering industries are relatively developed.

According to the Directory of Members of the Chamber of Commerce in Haikou City, Guangdong Province attached to the Report of the Investigation Group of Qiongya Industry, the author made statistics: in the Republic of China 19 (1930) 10, there were 323 member stores in Haikou City, including 23 hotels and 7 restaurants, accounting for 9.28% of the total number of merchants. According to the survey of Qiongya Industry Investigation Team in May, there are 572 shops in Haikou, including 24 hotels and 2 restaurants, accounting for 6.29% of the total number of merchants. According to the Japanese document Hainan Island, there are 65 hotels and restaurants among 576 shops in Haikou, accounting for 1 1.28% of the total number of merchants. Commercial enterprises develop hotel catering industry, mainly to provide services for people traveling to and from Haikou and other places.

Secondly, a considerable part of Hainan's commercial capital comes from overseas Chinese capital. During the Republic of China, overseas Chinese in Hainan were pioneers in Hainan's commerce. For example, before liberation or even 196 1 years ago, the tallest building in Haikou was commonly known as the "five-story building", which was built by Mr. Wu, an overseas Chinese in Wenchang, with an investment of 500,000 silver in 193 1 year and completed in 1935. The building covers an area of 1684.4 m2, with a total construction area of 8245 m2 and a height of 27.04 meters. The first floor is a restaurant and commercial room, the second and fifth floors are guest rooms, and behind the fourth and fifth floors are cinemas. There are not many shops preserved in Haikou during the Republic of China, and the "Daya Hotel" (called Daya Hotel during the Republic of China) that is still in business today is basically a shop with the original business name. Before 1930s, the hotel belonged to the Wynn Company of musician He Weichuan. He Yu 193 1 was killed by the Marine Corps in the turmoil on the island in May. It seems that since then, the owner of this hotel has become the leader of overseas Chinese in Singapore. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the Japanese army seized this hotel and renamed it "Hainan Island Hotel" as a reception hotel for Japanese military and political dignitaries when they came to Hainan.

By the end of the Anti-Japanese War, Chen Zhi recorded the names of 46 commercial enterprises in Haikou in "New Records of Hainan Island", including Hainan Travel Agency and Hainan Enterprise Company. He said: this travel agency was "founded by overseas Chinese and people from all walks of life"; The business of Hainan Enterprise Company is "all kinds of economic development business in Qiongya", and Feng, the person in charge, "raises funds from overseas Chinese and people in Qiongya". Therefore, after the Anti-Japanese War, overseas Chinese in Hainan continued their efforts in this regard in Hainan's economic difficulties.

The influence of overseas Chinese in Hainan on Hainan's economy and society can be roughly divided into two aspects: first, the influence of overseas Chinese remittances on Hainan's economy and society, that is, the existence of remittances affects the balance between consumption and finance in Hainan's economy and society; Second, economic investment evolved from remittances, including commercial investment and industrial investment. During the period of the Republic of China, remittances showed obvious performance in these two aspects, which had a great impact on Hainan's economy and society. It can even be said to be one of the driving forces for Hainan's economic and social development and change during the Republic of China.

During the Republic of China, Hainan's economy was still underdeveloped, and it was often in a position where import and export trade exceeded. In order to make up the foreign trade deficit, remittance is the most important means to balance the inflow and outflow. It should be said that during the Republic of China, the existence of remittances was the key to maintain the economic and social collapse of Hainan Island.

"Overseas Chinese are the mother of revolution"

Most overseas Chinese in Hainan went abroad in the second half of the19th century, so they still maintain a very close relationship with the motherland. Therefore, they care about the changes in domestic politics and hometown, and influence domestic politics with their own actions until they personally participate in Hainan's political and cultural activities.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen once said: "Overseas Chinese are the mother of revolution". As far as Hainan Revolution is concerned, there were overseas Chinese throughout the Republic of China, and they made great sacrifices for it. In the Revolution of 1911, the first revolutionary event in Hainan Island was the so-called "Fan Yong" attack on Fucheng. Tan Yan said: "Under the guidance of Sun Yat-sen, the Revolutionary Party organized an armed force of more than 100 people, mainly overseas Chinese and local intellectuals, to attack Fucheng in the winter of 19 1. The result was unsuccessful, but the news spread and the society was discouraged. These insurgents were called "Fan Yong" at that time because most of them came back from Nanyang. The average person in Nanyang is called' Fan', and going to Nanyang is called' Going to Fan' ".

Based on the protection of their own interests, overseas Chinese in Hainan pay great attention to domestic politics, which is not only manifested in revolution, but also in construction. 1932, after Chen Hanguang went to Hainan to completely suppress the Red Army led by the * * * production party, he held the "Qiongya District Rehabilitation Conference". The participants are mainly military personnel, county magistrates and social organizations, including Haikou Chamber of Commerce, Hainan Fellowship Association in Beijing and representatives of overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. The latter put forward many suggestions, that is, overseas Chinese should relax their investigation and give convenience to return home.

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, overseas Chinese in Hainan, like overseas Chinese all over the country, were extremely active and made great contributions to the Japanese war of aggression against China. Outstanding performance in several aspects, one is to donate money to support the anti-Japanese army in Hainan Island; Second, relief for Hainan refugees fleeing from Hainan Island; The third is to return to China and directly participate in the anti-Japanese war activities in Hainan Island.

During the Republic of China, overseas Chinese in Hainan had a far-reaching impact on Hainan society, especially in cultural education and the dissemination of new ideas. Its outstanding performance is that the rise of new education is closely related to the efforts of overseas Chinese in Hainan. For example, "Guangxu 10 (1884), Luofeng Bookstore in Wenchang County, Hainan Island, Guangdong Province, was established with donations from local people and overseas Chinese in Nanyang".

In addition, in the social customs of modern Hainan, the influence of overseas Chinese in Hainan is also worthy of our attention.