Briefly describe the relationship between Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong and the Dutch.

162 1 year (the first year of Ming Taizu Apocalypse), when Zheng Zhilong 18 years old, he went to Macau with his brother, studied business with his uncle Huang Cheng, and was baptized by Catholics in Macau, so he was also called Nicholas I by westerners.

Later, he traveled to and from Southeast Asia and then to Kyushu, Japan. Because of practicing swordsmanship, he met and married the adopted daughter Tian of Weng Xu, an overseas Chinese blacksmith in Fujian. At first, he worked for Li Dan, an overseas Chinese pirate ship merchant in Hirado Island, Japan. At first, he worked as a translator and gradually became Li Dan's right-hand man, winning the trust of Li Dan. At the beginning of 1624, Zheng Zhilong went to Penghu to be a Dutch translator and general manager on the recommendation of Li Dan. In the early autumn of the same year, the Dutch retreated to the south of Taiwan Province Province. Because the dispute between the Ming Dynasty and the Netherlands affected Li Dan's commercial interests between China, Japan and Taiwan at that time, Li Dan sent Zheng Zhilong as one of Li Dan's means to intervene in the Ming Dynasty and the Netherlands.

The Dutch gave this "Japanese" generalist generous treatment, but Zheng Zhilong was not used at first. Later, the Dutch used Zheng Zhilong to intercept the pirate mission of Chinese sailboats going to Manila to trade with the Spanish (the Dutch's main competitor at that time) in the Strait of Taiwan Province Province. According to a letter from Dutch Chief Waite, it was recorded that about 20 to 30 Chinese sailboats were sent to intercept and capture.

1624 July 14 Zheng Zhilong's wife gave birth to her son Zheng Chenggong in Qianlibin, Hirado Island. In the same year, after the Mid-Autumn Festival, Zheng Zhilong moved his career focus from Kyushu Island to Taiwan Province Province, and joined Yan Siqi, the leader of Japanese pirates. Shortly thereafter, the Dutch East India Company landed in Taiwan Province and expelled other troops stationed in Taiwan Province Province, so Zheng Zhilong and his wife settled in Chinese mainland.

When Yan Siqi died at 1625, Zheng Zhilong and the pirate leader were collectively called eighteen cheeses. At that time, he had the most powerful military and commercial team along Fujian coast, led tens of thousands of pirates, engaged in smuggling and looting, and ran across the Taiwan Province Strait. On August 2 of the same year, Li Dan died on his way back to Pinghu from Taiwan Province province after doing a good job in trade between Xiamen, Nagasaki and Taiwan Province province. His industry and foot soldiers in Taiwan Province Province were transferred to Zheng Zhilong, while those in Xiamen fell into the hands of Xu Xinsu. Zheng Zhilong started his own business and changed his name to Zhilong, no longer calling himself an official.

Surrender to Ming dynasty

1628 (the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty), the engineering department wrote to Yan Jizu: "Zheng Zhilong, a pirate, grew up in a spring and gathered tens of thousands of disciples to rob the rich and help the poor. The people are afraid of officials and thieves." In the same year, Taiwan led 18 troops to attack Quanzhou, breaking the Fujian fleet of the Ming Dynasty, and Yanjing shook, and the imperial court enlisted pirates. Zheng Zhilong wanted to surrender to the Ming Central Committee. Through Cai Shanji's arrangement, he accepted Xiong Wencan, the governor of Fujian, as an official, led his troops to guard the coast for the Ming Dynasty to prevent pirates, Japanese aggressors and Dutch aggressors from attacking, and led troops to crusade against other former sworn brothers and pirates, including Li, Li, Li and Li. He soon returned to his hometown in Nan 'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, where he became the richest man and one of the few pirates who married the Japanese but still officially returned to Chinese mainland.

1633, Zhilong defeated the fleet of the Dutch East India Company in the naval battle of Jinmen off the coast of Fujian. Since then, Zheng Zhilong has taken control of sea routes and charged foreign businessmen parking fees, so it quickly became rich. Known as the Lord of southern Fujian and the overlord of the sea, he gave the flag of the Zheng family to the merchant ship that paid the protection fee to Zhilong (the big ship had to pay 3,200 silver); If you want to pass through Zhihonghai District without paying, I'm afraid you will be robbed. Zhilong is so autocratic that the Dutch East India Company is on pins and needles. The Dutch joined forces with other forces to buy Zhilong, but Zhilong continued to expand its power and defeated the Dutch again and again. History says: "Anyone who can't sail at sea can't come and go. Each ship enters $3,000, with an annual income of 10 million, and builds Anping Town by itself. "Since then, the maritime atmosphere has been quite calm. All foreign goods are sold by businessmen at home and abroad under the banner of Zheng, so that there is no trouble back at home, and businessmen have twenty times the benefits. Zhilong makes good use of Lihai traffic to make it more expensive and make great achievements. " "Bamin regards Zheng as the Great Wall." So far, Zheng Zhilong's trade scope covers all areas of East Asia and Southeast Asia: Dani, Yeni, Zhancheng, Luzon, Lingang, Beigang, Dagu, Hirado, Nagasaki, Mumbai, Bandan, Jiugang, Batavia, Malacca, Cambodia and Siam. The estimated strength includes Han Chinese and Siamese.

The fertile soil in Taiwan Province Province triggered a wave of Han immigrants to Taiwan Province Island, which was the first large-scale organized migration from the mainland to Taiwan Province Province in history. At that time, the Dutch East India Company ruled the southern part of Taiwan Province Province, and built two cities, Geelong Castle and Ordinary Castle, in Daguan (now Tainan City), with nearly 2,000 troops, but there were tens of thousands of mainland immigrants. In addition, in terms of commerce and trade, after the Japanese blockade, only China and the Netherlands were allowed to trade, and Zheng Zhilong became richer through trade with Japan.

1646, Dolobel Boluo, the general of the Southern Qing Dynasty, proposed to surrender to Zheng Zhilong and send troops to capture Fuzhou, and promised to seal the governor of Fujian and Guangdong in Zheng Zhilong. It can be said that while bullying, carrots and sticks were added. Except for Zheng Chenggong, the Zheng Zhilong family was eliminated.

In the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660), the governor of Fujian intercepted Zheng Zhilong and his private letter, and the king of deliberation proposed to behead Zheng and wait for prison on the charge of "communicating with the sea" and move to Ningguta.

Eighteen years of Shunzhi (166 1 year). The emperor shunzhi died. In October, Suksaha, Minister of Fuzheng, ordered Zheng Zhilong and his relatives to be beheaded in Yanjing Chaicheng (now the west exit of Fu Xue Hutong in Beijing) and wrote a letter to Ningguta.

Since the anti-Qing War began in Xiaojinmen on June 1647, Zheng Jun moved to the southeast coast of Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces, and helped the royal family and people of the Ming Dynasty cross the sea to settle in Taiwan Province Province and Southeast Asia for many times. In addition, Zheng Chenggong asked China businessmen to accept the Fu Zheng token and the banner of "developing the country" to help protect the safety of China people doing business overseas; At that time, many overseas Chinese businessmen did adopt this law and were able to go to sea safely for business. However, tens of thousands of troops could not obtain a large base area, and Zheng Chenggong was forced to prepare his salary through overseas trade.

After the failure of the northern expedition to Nanjing, Zheng Chenggong's troops were greatly weakened and he faced the problem of insufficient military food. In order to solve the logistics problem of the army, Zheng Chenggong decided to adopt He Bin's suggestion and recover the islands in Taiwan Province Province occupied by Dutch colonists. In the 15th year of Li Yong (166 1), Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships, set out from Luowan, Jinmen, and marched into Taiwan Province via Penghu. There are two defensive fortresses in the southwest of Taiwan Province Island in the Netherlands. One is the Guilan Castle (F) located in Daguan (now Anping District, Tainan City).

The portrait of Zheng Chenggong is collected in the National Taiwan Province Provincial Museum.

Ort Zeelandia), the second is Provintia, which is located in Chilang, inland of Taijiang (now the central and western area of Tainan City). On the first day of April of the same year, Zheng Jun entered the inland sea of Taijiang through Luermen Waterway, and landed at Heliao Port (near Kaiyuan Temple in the northern district of Tainan City) in order to gain the city covered by ordinary people with weak defense first. Subsequently, Zheng Jun launched a naval battle with the Dutch warship in Taijiang waters and sank the Dutch warship Heckert.

Relan fortress city restoration model

(hector), gained control of the inland sea of Taijiang, defeated the Dutch army at the end of the northern line at the same time, and surrounded the city with superior troops. Soon, on the fifth day of April, the defenders of the city were forced to surrender. On the fifth day of May, Zheng Chenggong changed Chilang to "the east is quiet" and set up Chengtianfu, Tianxing and Wannian counties.

After gaining the civilian fortress city as a stronghold, Zheng Jun immediately besieged Grand City by sea and land. Considering that the salary of 20 thousand people is not easy to pay, Zheng Chenggong does not intend to fight a protracted war. From the beginning, he put pressure on the city of Geran, trying to coerce the Dutch army to surrender. After Frederik Coillette, a senior Dutch official, rejected his request for surrender, Zheng Chenggong ordered a storming of the city of G? ran, but was met with extremely tenacious resistance from the Dutch army, and Zheng Jun suffered heavy losses. Due to the weakness of the storm and the shortage of food in the army, Zheng Chenggong was forced to change his strategy, sending most of his troops to the north and south to open up wasteland to collect money and collect food, in order to solve the urgent need of food shortage in the army, and adopted the strategy of long-term siege of Zhoulancheng.

In July of the 15th year (166 1), reinforcements sent by the Netherlands arrived in Dagong. In addition to more than 600 soldiers and 1 1 warships, reinforcements also brought a lot of materials and gunpowder to Gran City. At that time, Zheng Chenggong's military forces were still scattered throughout Taiwan Province Province to perform tasks, and were stationed in towns covered by dignitaries and ordinary people.

Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province Province.

It is estimated that the number of troops is less than 3000, which rekindles the hope of the Dutch army to fight back. In mid-July, Dutch reinforcements moored in the open sea were hit by strong winds and forced to leave the coast of Daguan and go to Penghu for shelter from the wind and rain. Among them, the Dutch warship Hourcq unfortunately ran aground, and all the crew on board were captured by Zheng Jun. This change gave Zheng Jun a temporary opportunity to prepare for the war. When the Dutch warships returned to the official waters in August, although Zheng Jun failed to recall most of his troops, he was already ready for the battle. In mid-August, the Dutch and Zheng armies launched a fierce naval battle in the inland sea of Taijiang. Zheng Jun won a great victory, sank a Dutch warship and captured several ships. Since then, the Dutch army has lost the ability to take the initiative to attack.

/kloc-in October/February, Hans Juriens Rudd, a German-born Dutch petty officer, defected. With the help of the information he provided, Zheng successfully shelled and destroyed the Utrecht bunker in Gereilonge, making the destruction of Gereilonge a foregone conclusion. 1February 8, the Dutch official wrote a letter to Zheng Chenggong, expressing his agreement to "peace talks". After several negotiations, the Netherlands finally gave in to Zheng Chenggong on1February 20 and withdrew from Taiwan Province Province.

Zheng Chenggong ordered the reclamation of Taiwan Province, reaching Karmalan (now Yilan County) in the north and Langya (now Hengchun, Pingtung County) in the south. Later, due to the resistance of PaPaula, PaPaula and Langya, the expansion speed slowed down. Zheng Chenggong actually ruled from Erlin (now Erlin Town, Changhua County) to Qietong (now Jiadong Town, Pingtung County).

From then on, the descendants of Zheng ruled Taiwan Province Province in an all-round way, developing anti-Qing and sight-restoring forces!