History of Sikkim

Sikkim covers an area of 7 1 km2 and a population of 3 1 tens of thousands. 75% are Nepalese, and the rest are Sikkim and Rebcha, who believe in Qin Lamaism and Hinduism. 1890 Sikkim became a British protectorate. 1950 became a protectorate of India. 1in April, 973, India entered Sikkim and took over all the powers of the Sikkim government.

In July of the following year, the Sikkim Parliament passed the Government Bill, which stipulated that the Sikkim government could participate in political institutions in India. In September, the Indian Parliament passed a constitution stipulating that Sikkim is an "associated country" of India. 1in April, 975, the Indian government once again sent troops to dissolve Sikkim's palace guard, put the king under house arrest, and made the Sikkim parliament pass a resolution to depose the king. On April 23rd, the Indian Parliament passed a resolution to turn Sikkim into a "state" of India. After the death of deposed King Sikkim in new york, Crown Prince wangchuck Khin Namjar became the first 13 king. The new king said that India's annexation of Sikkim was illegal. In ancient China, Sikkim was called Dremojong. Nepalese moved to this new place, and early Tibetan immigrants called it Dengjiang, which means rice. As early as the 7th century, Zhe Mengxiong was a part of Tibet. In the 9th century, Zhemengxiong became an independent tribe, but the monasteries in its territory still belonged to the major monasteries in Tibet.

There are many myths circulating in Sikkim, but there are not many historical records before the establishment of hereditary monarchy. Sikkim used to be the residence of Leibucha people, most of whom lived on the southern slope of the Himalayas. Sikkim is a country full of myths and legends, and there are few ancient historical materials handed down. The first recorded king was Ponzug Namgyal, and his great-grandfather was Guru Tahi, a noble in Tibet. Pang Chuge ascended the Sikkim throne on 1642. Under his rule, Leibucha people lived in harmony with Sikkim people and engaged in animal husbandry and planting. Pang Chuge declared Buddhism as the state religion and implemented the feudal system of the integration of politics and religion.

He established his capital in gangtok, and divided the whole country into a number of Shagu (equivalent to counties) for governance. The third king Chador Namgyal (reigned from1700 to 17 17) built the temple of Pema Yang Ze (present-day templo mayor) and invented letters for the Rebucha people. At that time, Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty used troops twice. Finally, Fu Kang 'an and Hailancha led the Qing army to expel all Gurkhas from Tibet in 179 1 and pursued them across the border to the outskirts of Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. The Gurkha army surrendered after defeating the Qing army striker and won a small victory, and became a vassal of China from then on, which was also the last stage of Qianlong's "peerless martial arts".

After the Qing army repelled Nepal, Sikkim originally wanted to recover lost ground, but at this time, the Bhutanese army pretending to help Sikkim in Nishi War suddenly attacked Sikkim, leaving Sikkim, who had already been defeated by Gurkhas, in a position of being caught between Scylla and Charybdis. As a result, a large area of Sikkim in the west of the Tista Valley is still in Nepal's hands, while the territory east of the Tista Valley is occupied by Bhutan. Sikkim only retains the territory in the upper reaches of the Tista River, which is not much larger than Sikkim. 1835, the British army divided Darjeeling and the area south of Lazy River.

186 1 year, Sikkim was forced to sign a treaty and placed under British control.

1887, Britain seized Sikkim and sent commissioners.

1888, Britain sent troops to Tibet and captured Longtu Mountain, Yadong and other important passes. China, the Qing court made a compromise and quickly sent Sheng Tai, vice minister, to Tibet to make peace.

1890 On February 27th, Shengtai and the British Governor-General in India, HenryCharlesKeithLansdowne, signed the Sino-British Tibet-India Treaty in Calcutta, with eight articles in total. The main contents are as follows: the Qing court admitted that Sikkim was protected by Britain; Delineating the border between China and Sikkim; Nomadic and trade issues will be discussed later. As a result, Sikkim became Britain's "protectorate".

1893, 1893 The Sino-British Tibet-India Treaty was signed on February 5, 1993 to solve the problems of nomadism and trade.

/kloc-In the 9th century, British colonists encouraged a large number of Nepalese to move to the south of Sikkim, which was called Sikkim-Nepalese. They cut down forests and reclaimed rice fields. After British imperialism withdrew from South Asia, Sikkim failed to gain independence. 1947, India signed the status quo agreement with Sikkim and continued to send commissioners to Sikkim. The Sikkim Congress Party supported by India launched a "non-cooperative movement" and demanded that the king carry out "reform". On May 9, the same year, the Congress Party government was formally established, but it was strongly opposed by the Sikkim royal family, and the mass movement was also growing.

1At the beginning of June, 949, India sent troops to Sikkim to take over the new government established less than a month ago and appointed Indian Lal as Prime Minister of Sikkim. 1950 In February, India signed a peace treaty with Sikkim, which stipulated that Sikkim was India's "protectorate", and India's chief executive stationed in Sikkim exercised the functions and powers of prime minister, and sent political commissar to take full control of Sikkim's national defense, diplomacy and economy.

1968 In August, anti-India demonstrations took place in gangtok, demanding the abolition of the India-Tin Treaty. 12 generation Sikkim king Palden Dundup Namgyal (reigned from 1963 to 1982) proposed that Sikkim should be Sikkim, and requested to amend the 1950 Indian Tin Treaty. 1in April, 973, the Indian army entered gangtok and took over all the powers of the Sikkim government. On May 8 of the same year, the Indian government and Sikkim signed the Sikkim Agreement, stipulating that the Indian government is not only "fully responsible" for Sikkim's national defense and diplomacy, but also "responsible" for its internal affairs and economy. The agreement weakened the king's power and made Sikkim's internal affairs and diplomacy completely controlled by India.

1On June 20th, 974, the Sikkim Parliament passed the Sikkim Constitution drafted by India, stipulating that the Chief Executive Officer appointed by the Indian government is the head of government and the Speaker of Parliament. In September of the same year, India's constitutional amendment stipulated that Sikkim was India's "associated state", and each house of India had a Sikkim seat. 1On February 3, 975, the Indian army dissolved the palace guard of King Sikkim and put him under house arrest. 1April 1975 10, Sikkim Parliament passed a resolution to depose the king, demanding that Sikkim be incorporated into India. 1April 1975 14, Sikkim held a referendum, and most Sikkim people agreed to merge into India. Subsequently, the Indian Parliament passed a resolution to formally accept Sikkim as a state of India.

1982 65438+1on October 29th, Palden tondup nangale, king of Sikkim, died in new york, USA. Crown Prince Wangchuk Tenzing Namgyal ascended the throne and became the first 13 king of Sikkim. He declared India's annexation of Sikkim illegal. 1975, the Indian army dissolved the palace guard of King Sikkim and put him under house arrest. On April 10 of the same year, the Sikkim Parliament passed a resolution to depose the king and turn Sikkim into a state of India. /kloc-April, Sikkim held a "referendum" to decide the future of Sikkim, and then the Indian Parliament passed a resolution to formally turn Sikkim into a state of India.

1982 65438+1On October 29th, Palden Tondup Nangal, King of Sikkim, died in New York, USA, and Crown Prince Wangchuk Tenzing Namgyal ascended the throne, becoming the13rd generation king of Sikkim. He declared that India was against Sikkim.

After the Indian government annexed Sikkim, it was afraid that Sikkim would become independent again, so it allocated a subsidy to Sikkim every year to win over the centripetal force of Sikkim. So in general, Sikkim is richer than neighboring Bangladesh, and the people's living standards are higher.