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Founder Henry? Ford's Common Signature Fonts

In 20 19, the share price of General Motors (GM) rose by 2 1%, while Ford (Ford) fell by 0.6%-the latter still depends on the profits from the sales of big trucks. However, looking ahead, Ford hopes that the new mobile division will start paying dividends.

Ford CEO Jim Hackett (Jim? Hackett) believes that once the roads are connected, only "intelligence" can survive, because the future cars will rely heavily on brain power to play a role. According to AutoNews, Hackett is trying to push Ford into the fields of interconnection, power and autonomy, trying to reverse the downward trend of the stock in the past three years. Investors believe that this blue oval stock is currently behind GM.

On may 2 1 day nearly three years ago, Ford motor company CEO mark? Fields was dismissed by the board of directors and became the most concerned news about the change of senior executives' positions in the automobile industry in May. June 20 14 1, mark? Fields went from legendary CEO Allen? Mulally took over Ford, but during his tenure, Ford's share price has fallen by 40%. Although Ford is making every effort to promote business transformation to adapt to the impact of emerging technologies on the industry. Obviously, for Bill? The board of directors represented by Ford has lost confidence and patience in his leadership. Mark? Fields' successor is Jim Hackett, CEO of Ford Intelligent Mobile Company.

With the increasing uncertainty of the automobile industry, it seems that we are used to the CEO replacement of Ford Motor Company, and we may even think that the CEO replacement of Ford Motor Company is very frequent. In fact, in the history of Ford Motor Company (founded in 1903) 1 17 years, there are only 12 CEOs, and the average CEO term is almost1/year. The longest CEO is Henry? Ford II, 34 years! This is lower than the frequency of emperor replacement in most dynasties in China.

Let's review the brief introduction of these 12 CEOs in the long history of Ford Motor Company17.

1, Henry Ford (Henry? Ford)

1903- 19 18, founder and first president of Ford Motor Company.

Henry Ford was born in a peasant family on 1863. Originally a mechanical engineer, he built his first car as early as 1896. 1June 6, 903, Ford Motor Company was founded. When the first Model T was first listed in 1908 and 10 at a price of 825 dollars, it won the hearts of millions of Americans in Qian Qian, and the output reached 10660 in the first year, breaking all records in the history of the automobile industry.

He was also the first person in the world who achieved great success by using the concept of assembly line in practice, and in this way, he really popularized automobiles in the United States. This new mode of production makes the automobile a mass product, which not only revolutionizes the industrial mode of production, but also has a great impact on modern society and culture. Therefore, some social theorists call this economic and social history "Fordism". Henry Ford was born in Greenfield, dearborn, Michigan, USA, and is a part of today's dearborn. He died in his hometown of Debao on 1947 at the age of 83.

Ford's parents William and Mary Ford are immigrants from Ireland. Ford was born on a farm owned by his parents. He is the eldest of six children. He was interested in machinery since he was a child. 12 years old, he spent a lot of time building his own machinery workshop. 15 years old, he built his own internal combustion engine.

1879, he left his hometown to work as a mechanic apprentice in Detroit, and joined Westinghouse electric company after graduation.

189 1 year, Ford became an engineer of Edison Lighting Company. When he was promoted to chief engineer in 1893, he had enough time and money to carry out his personal research on internal combustion engines. He made his first car in 1896, and he named it "four-wheeled vehicle".

After that, he left Edison Lighting Company with other inventors, and together they founded Detroit Automobile Company. But the company soon went bankrupt because Ford only wanted to study new cars and ignored sales. He let his car compete with other companies' cars to prove the Excellence of his car. The main product of his second company, Henry Ford, is his racing car. He even won by driving on19010+00+10. But soon, his sponsors forced him to leave Henry Ford, which was later renamed Cadillac.

Ford motor -T? Car type

Ford attaches great importance to his relationship with employees. His employees work eight hours a day. 19 13 years, with a daily salary of $5 (which was considerable at that time). At rush hour 19 18, the salary of T-type is increased to 6 dollars per day. This was unheard of at that time. In addition, Ford also rewards employees' inventions and lets them share the profits brought by inventions.

On the other hand, Ford is absolutely opposed to trade unions. In order to stop the trade union activities in his factory, he specially hired people to study ways to stop the trade union. It was not until 194 1 that the first strike occurred in Ford's factory, but it was not until 1945 that Ford left his company that the trade union could really stand in his factory.

2. edsel Ford (edsel? Ford)

19 18- 1943 was the president of Ford and the first chairman of Lincoln.

1908? Ford Motor Company produced the world's first car belonging to ordinary people-T? Model A, the revolution of the world automobile industry has begun. t？ The success of Model B brought Henry Ford money and honor, but he did not get carried away by it. Instead, he devoted himself to increasing production and invented large-scale assembly line technology, thus becoming the leader of the automobile world.

After these achievements, Henry Ford clearly realized that only by firmly holding the control of the enterprise in his own hands can he achieve greater success. So, he began to try to establish his own autocratic kingdom and wanted to turn the company into his own private property.

From where? 1906? Since 2000, Henry Ford has successively acquired the shares of other shareholders, and the shareholding ratio has risen to? 58.5%, and after his son Edsel Ford took office, he continued to let his son buy the remaining shares. Until? 19 18? In 1980, Ford Motor Company was completely controlled by the Ford family.

t？ Automobile assembly line

1 919 65438+1October1,Ford ceded the position of president of the company to his son edsel Ford. Nevertheless, he is still the number one person in the company. At this time, Ford began to buy back shares held by other investors, which made him and his son the sole owners of the company. But this decision has brought a certain blow to Ford Motor Company. At this time, the depression after World War I forced Ford to borrow huge sums of money to buy back its own shares.

Ed Ford is the only son of Henry Ford. When he was a child, he also showed great interest in cars and performed well. Henry Ford was very satisfied with his son and said, "I have a good son. He is born to be the best way to inherit my career, so Henry hopes that edsel can enter the enterprise instead of entering the university for further study. "

19 13? Year, 20? /kloc-After graduating from middle school at the age of 0/8, my father thought that practice was the best way to acquire knowledge, so he listened to his father's arrangement and stayed with him. 19 18? In, Henry transferred the position of president of the company to edsel, and then the company? 42%? The shares were also given to the son.

Although edsel became the president of the company, the actual controller was still Henry Ford. Nevertheless, edsel made great contributions to Ford through unremitting efforts. He's not just in charge of design? y？ Model B ensured the success of overseas markets, and also launched new products such as "Lincoln Breeze", which enriched Ford's product line.

1920, Ford bought many kinds of rubber trees in Brazil in order to produce tires for his cars. But the result of this action was a great failure. He lost a lot when he sold these lands on 1945.

1922 65438+1October1kloc-0/At edsel's suggestion, Ford bought the "Lincoln" car with expensive products and high quality. Moreover, with an accurate grasp of the pulse of the automobile era, Aidesai continued to successfully launch the Y-car and rebuilt popular models such as Lincoln, Hefeng and Mercury, which not only greatly enriched Ford's product line, but also opened up overseas markets.

Edsel eventually became an outstanding entrepreneur, which promoted Ford's mechanical design and brand value, but he broke down from constant overwork. 1943 died at the age of 49.

Because his father is a legendary giant, if edsel Ford wants to get ahead, it means facing greater challenges. Father Henry refused to make any changes in the company's strategy and refused to listen to the advice of people around him. In his career, edsel was only an executor of orders and the son of the boss.

3. Henry Ford II (Henry? Ford? II)，

1945- 1979 served as chairman and president.

Old Henry suffered a lot from the loss of his son, but his business philosophy is still rigid and outdated, which hinders the development of the company more and more. But the Ford dynasty still sailed forward like a big ship, and the third generation of the family joined the company. Edsel's sons Henry Ford Jr. and Benson Ford successively entered the company. Henry II was more talented than Benson. Old Henry saw the potential of his grandson, but his neurotic old habits repeated. Fearing that his supremacy in the family would be threatened, he took a negative attitude towards Henry II, tried to hinder his grandson's development, turned a blind eye to his performance at work, and even refused to let him move into his late father's office.

1945, the succession dispute has finally become public. Old Henry had to appoint his grandson as the president of the company, but Henry II demanded the right to "carry out drastic reforms" or he would not accept the appointment. Old Henry was reluctant, but he had no other way. Subsequently, at the request of Henry II, the resignation letter drafted for Henry Sr. was read out at the board meeting.

At that time, in the context of the Great Depression, Ford was overtaken by General Motors and Chrysler because its competitors kept producing new high-quality cars, and it also faced fierce competition from emerging automakers after the war. Ford's situation is not optimistic. In order to make Ford rise again, Henry II carried out a large-scale reform after taking office, hired many management talents from General Motors, introduced more models, quickly restored its competitive advantage, and became the second largest automobile company in the United States after General Motors, opening a new era in the Kingdom of Ford.

Henry Ford II 1980? In 2000, he retired from the stage of Ford Motor Company. Surprisingly, he handed over the power in his hand to Philip Caldwell, a non-family manager who has been unknown.

However, although the Ford company is in power by Philip, the actual control still belongs to the Ford family. Under the leadership of Philip, Ford Motor Company has achieved good results, and launched high-quality cars such as Taurus, which made the Ford Kingdom experience a great revival.

Ford motor company regained the second place in the American automobile manufacturing industry and became the second largest automobile company in the United States after General Motors. As the third generation of his family, Henry II accomplished his historical mission brilliantly.

4. Philip Caldwell (Philip? Caldwell),

1979- 1985 as CEO.

Caldwell's hometown is Bunneville, Ohio. He grew up in South Charleston, and his family is of English descent. 1940 graduated from Mujinggang College, majoring in economics. 1942 obtained the MBA degree from Harvard Business School. Caldwell 1953 joined Ford and successively served as the head of truck operation department, Gefei business department and international operation department, and put Ford Carnival (Ford? Carnival) models were introduced to the European market.

Henry II was originally the most suitable candidate for his younger brother William, but after the failure of Continental Motor Company, William had already withdrawn from the management of the company. And his son edsel II has no outstanding ability. Finally, in March of 1980, Henry II handed over the power of the company to Philip Caldwell, who had worked for Ford for 25 years, but the family still had absolute control over the company, which came from the widely used two-tier shareholding system.

1978, Li Iacocca (Li? After Iacocca was fired, Caldwell took over as president of Ford Motor Company. After Henry Ford II retired, Caldwell took over as CEO and Chairman of Ford. Philip Caldwell is a self-controlled, cautious and thorough man. He quickly and decisively dealt with the "quality gate" that plagued Ford.

During his tenure, he approved Ford Taurus (Ford? Taurus) and Mercury Sable were developed and put into production, and the two models were introduced to the market before retirement. 1986 Ford Taurus was undoubtedly a sensational design for the mainstream family car market at that time.

In February 1985, 1, Caldwell retired from Ford, and later served as new york Hilsen Lehman Brothers (Shearson? Lehman? Brother) managing director. 1990 was elected to the American Automobile Hall of Fame (Automotive? Hall? Yes? Fame)

1986, Ford surpassed GM in profits and became the most profitable automobile giant in the United States. Ford's revival in the 1980s is called "the greatest revival in business history".

5. Donald Peterson (Donald Eugene? Peterson),

1985- 1990 served as CEO of Ford.

Donald Eugene Petersen, born on September 4th, 1926, is a successful American businessman. He worked in Ford Motor Company for nearly 40 years, and served as CEO of Ford from 1985- 1990.

Born in Pip Si Tong, Minnesota, Peterson joined the United States Marine Corps (USA? Marine? Corps), 1946 received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering (BSME) from Washington university, and 1949 received an MBA from stanford graduate school of business before joining Ford motor company.

From 1977 to 1990, Peterson was a member of the board of directors of the company. 1980 03 13 served as president and chief operating officer of the company. 1In February, 985, Peterson became the chairman and CEO of Ford Motor Company.

1988 was selected as "the most valuable person" by USA-Today, and 1989 was selected as "CEO of the year" by President magazine. During his tenure, Peterson realized the transformation of Ford's automobile management model.

Donald Peterson's one-step management method is fruitful: to 199 1? In, the company's sales reached 88.96 billion US dollars, total assets reached 65.438+07.366 billion US dollars, and there were 380,000 employees, making it the third largest industrial company in the United States and the fourth largest company in western countries. ?

6. Harold Reid Pauline (Harold? "red" Polarization),

1990- 1993 served as CEO of Ford.

Reid Pauline succeeded Don Peterson as CEO of Ford in 1990. He led Ford through the Great Depression of1990s, and then helped Ford to regain his life.

Pauline joined Ford on 195 1 as a cost analyst in the control office of the Ministry of Iron and Steel. He was promoted in Ford's financial system and worked in many positions in Europe and North America. As a strict treasurer, Pauline made a name for herself in the company. His focus on cost cutting allowed Ford to surpass the much larger General Motors in the late 1980s.

Pauline served as CEO of Ford from 1990 to 1994, leading Ford through the Great Depression. By the time Pauline retired, Ford had controlled 25.3% of the American auto market, which was significantly higher than 2 1% in 1983. From 65438 to 0993, Ford's net income reached $2.53 billion.

Pauline had another anecdote in Ford that became a legend. He once severely criticized the team that developed the 1989 version of Ford Thunderbird. What he really cares about is the weight and cost of the new car set by the previous MN- 12 team, and these two goals are far from being achieved.

Pauline 1990 was 64 years old when he took over as chairman and CEO of Ford. The company made an exception for him and didn't have to abide by the retirement rule at the age of 65, so Pauline was able to serve as the chairman until 1994. 1993 10 10. On the 4th of October, Pauline gave Tallerman the car key of a red mustang, symbolizing that the whole company had given it to him.

7. Alex Lautemann (Alex? Trotman)，

1993- 1998 served as CEO of Ford.

Alex Trolman was born in England and was the first foreign CEO of Ford Motor Company. His term of office is1993165438+101998 65438+February. His greatest contribution to Ford is 1995 (Ford? 2000): Consolidate Ford's production, marketing and product development strength through a series of measures such as business merger and simplification of business procedures. According to statistics, this plan saved Ford $5 billion in cost and promoted Ford to reap a profit of $7 billion in 1997.

1At the end of 998, Troman retired from Ford to take care of Jacques Nasser (Jacques? Nasser) is the successor. Later, Lautemann became the head of Imperial Chemical Industry Company. In 2005, Lautemann died.

8. Jacques Nasser (Jacques? Nasser),

1999-200 1 served as CEO and president of Ford.

Jacques Nasser was the CEO and president of Ford from 1999 to 200 1 year.

1 996165438+1October1,Jacques Nasser is in charge of the business of Ford Motor Company. After becoming the president, the operating cost of the enterprise has been greatly reduced. From 65438 to 0998, Jacques Nasser took over Ford due to the retirement of former CEO Alex Trotman. During his tenure, Ford was the most profitable automobile company in the world, with a profit of $7.2 billion and sales of $654.38+063 billion. He reformed and reformed Ford to catch up with GM's market share in the United States and reduce Ford's dependence on pickup trucks.

He closed many loss-making factories, sold loss-making businesses and formulated new human resources policies. 199: Volvo was acquired at a high price of $6.45 billion and Land Rover was acquired at a high price of $2.8 billion to help Ford realize the integrated supply chain of automobile business. ?

When Ford and Nasser took over the company, they launched a humanized action throughout the company. They spent $200 million to realize a project called e (model? E) A project to equip every employee's family with computers. The company announced that it will open a "family center" project in some parts of the United States to provide free day care and adult education.

9. Bill Ford? Clay? Ford. Jr .)，

200 1-2006 CEO and chairman.

Ford was handed over to the fourth generation Bill Ford of the family.

Bill took over as chairman of Ford in June 5438+0999 and June 5438+0. Bill inherited the old Ford's idea, quickly promoted the development of Ford Motor Company, won the family's trust with his own achievements, properly handled the tense relationship between the company and environmental protection organizations, and improved the income and welfare of 300,000 active and retired employees of Ford Company.

Bill Ford joined Ford Motor Company from 65438 to 0979 as a product planning analyst. I have held a series of positions in the company, involving production, sales, marketing, product development and financing. In 1982, during the breakthrough labor negotiation between Ford and the United Auto Workers Union (UAW), he served in the company's "National Negotiating Group". 1987 was elected as the chairman and executive director of Ford Switzerland, and was elected as a member of the board of directors of Ford Motor Company on June 1988 14.

From 65438 to 0990, Ford served as the head of the business strategy department of Ford Motor Group. He led the team to formulate policies and put forward the suggestion of establishing a small number of production plants in developing countries, which not only greatly reduced the total cost, but also ensured the product quality.

From 65438 to 0992, Ford was appointed General Manager of Climate Control Business Department. Under his leadership, the profitability of the department has been improved, and the product quality has also been greatly improved. He marked the company's first wildlife habitat near the factory, and also established the world's first automobile factory that used recycled plastics to account for 25% of all plastic parts. During his tenure as general manager, the climate control business department won the "Presidential Environmental Quality Committee Award" for using water instead of dangerous chemicals in the production process.

From 65438 to 0994, Mr. Ford was promoted to vice president of the company and served as the head of the company's commercial truck center. 1995 left his post and served as the chairman of the financing Committee under the board of directors of the company until he was appointed as CEO. From 65438 to 0997, Ford was appointed as the chairman of the environment and public policy Committee under the board of directors.

10, alan mulally (alan mulally)

2006-20 14 President and CEO of Ford Company.

Allen Mulally 1945 was born in Kansas, USA on August 4th. He received a master's degree in management from MIT and a bachelor's and master's degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Kansas.

In September 2006, 49-year-old Bill Ford announced his resignation and handed over the baton to alan mulally, former president of Boeing Company. Allen retired in July 20 14, and Mark became the new CEO, while Allen and Mark were not family members.

When he took over as CEO of Ford in 2006, Ford suffered a huge loss of $654.38+0.27 billion and was on the verge of bankruptcy. He set a new direction for Ford's development: focusing on the Ford brand, producing products that meet different market demands, promoting few but refined brand-name products, and producing cars with first-class quality, safety and energy saving, and more valuable experience.

Mulally also entered the automobile industry from other industries. He took advantage of his position and broke all kinds of inappropriate practices. Ford Taurus, the first new car developed during his term of office, is much more fashionable than the old one. The car has a lower roof line and a more aggressive posture.

Mulally also promoted a number of young cadres, such as Joe Hinrich, the head of the manufacturing department who has just entered the age of no doubt. Hinrichs), in addition, Mulally also helped Mark fields, the president of America under 50. Fields) consolidated its leadership position. He also reused Derek Kuzak (Derek? Kuzak) and other experienced executives.

1 1, tag field (tag field)

20 14-20 17 may became CEO of Ford.

Mark fields was born in 196 1 and was promoted to chief operating officer of Ford in 20 12. He has led Ford's global business operations and most technical teams, including product development, manufacturing, procurement, marketing, sales and service.

Mark fields was born in Brooklyn, new york, and grew up in New Jersey. After receiving a bachelor's degree in economics from Rutgers University, he successfully obtained an MBA degree from Harvard University. On July 1 2065438, mark fields succeeded alan mulally as CEO of Ford Motor Company.

After Ford decided to lay off employees on a large scale, the first person to be "fired" turned out to be the CEO, and the successor was Ford Intelligent Mobile Company (Ford? Smart? Mobility? LLC) Chairman Jim Hackett (Jim? Hackett)

12, Jim Hackett (Jim? Hackett),

2065438+took over as CEO in May 2007.

Jim Hackett has been the executive chairman of Ford Intelligent Mobile Travel Company, a subsidiary of Ford Motor Company since March 20 16, and served as a member of the board of directors of Ford Motor Company from 20 13 to 20 16. Jim Hackett is also recognized as a business leader who has successfully led enterprises to realize strategic transformation. He had successful management experience in his resume, and the board of directors of Ford Motor Company entrusted him with this important task for many reasons.

After taking office, Jim Hackett, together with Bill Ford, Executive Chairman of the Board of Directors of Ford Motor Company, concentrated on achieving three primary strategic goals: strengthening the execution of the company's operations, improving the modernization of Ford's existing business, and promoting the company's transformation to meet future challenges.

Since taking office in May 20 17, Hackett has been pinned by Wall Street on reforming Ford, increasing profits and boosting the stock price. But with Hackett's performance recovery plan progressing slowly, investors' patience seems to be disappearing.

Hackett firmly believes that by combining the traditional "rust belt" method (but further cutting costs) with new ideas about people's demand for cars, he is putting Ford on the right path.

This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.