Translation and appreciation of "Jun Chen No. 23" by Shangshu

Jun Chen No. 23

Jun Chen No. 23

Original text

Since Duke Zhou is dead, he orders Jun Chen Fenzheng Cheng Zhou in the eastern suburbs wrote "Jun Chen". Wang Ruo said: "Jun Chen! I have ordered you to be virtuous, filial and courteous. I am only filial to my brothers, and I am responsible for administration [1403]. I ordered you to be in the eastern suburbs [1404]. Thank you! In the past, the Duke of Zhou protected all the people, and the people cherished him. Virtue, go carefully and be wise [1405]! Follow the instructions of Zhou Gong [1406], but the people are right. "I heard that the fragrance of Zhizhi is fragrant [1407], and I am inspired by the gods; millet and millet are not fragrant. Ming De Wei Xin [1408]. According to the teachings of Zhou Gong [1409], Er Shang Shi Shi, he only worked hard every day, but he did not dare to hesitate! If ordinary people have not seen the Holy Spirit, they will not be able to see it; once they have seen the Holy Spirit, they will not be able to follow the Holy Spirit. You are so alert! You are like the wind, and the people are like grass. It is not difficult to control the government [1410]; when it is abolished, it is prosperous, and when it comes out, you learn from Yu [1411], and when the common people say the same thing, it is interpreted [1412]. If you have good plans and good intentions for Jiayou [1413], then you will report them to the inside, but you will obey them outside and say: "Simou Siyou is the only virtue of my queen." 'Alas! When the ministers are humble, only the good will show up! The king said: "Jun Chen!" You Weihong, Zhou Gong Pi Xun! There is no power to rely on for power, and no method for cutting. Be broad and controlled, calm and harmonious. The people of Yin were in Pi [1414], I said Pi, but you should not Pi; I said Yi, but you should not Yi; Wei Jue. If there is something wrong with your government, if there is something wrong with your teachings, if it is corrected, it will be corrected [1415]. He is prone to treachery and corruption, and he often messes up the customs. You are not angry and stubborn [1417], and you are not prepared for a husband. There must be tolerance, which is beneficial [1418]; tolerance, which is great virtue. Jian Jue Xiu [1419] also simplifies it or not. "But the people's livelihood [1420] is good, because things have changed; if you disobey the orders, it is better to follow Jue. You Ke's respect for the code is in virtue [1421], but it will not change at the time. I am allowed to be promoted to Dayou [1422], but for one person I have received so many blessings, and I will die forever [1423]"

Notes

[1403] Shi: transfer.

[1404] Eastern suburbs: refers to the eastern suburbs of the royal capital Luoyi, which is the Zhou Dynasty.

[1405] This is: the particle at the end of the sentence, Zai.

[1406]Mao: try your best.

[1407]Xin: The aroma smelled from afar.

[1408] The four sentences of Zhizhi: the instructions of Duke Zhou.

[1409]Formula: Use, OK.

[1410]Mo or not difficult: Mo, don’t. Or, there is. Not difficult, not difficult.

[1411] Departure: the meaning of repetition. Yu: degree, business degree. Teacher: Everyone.

[1412] Interpretation: Chen, here is the implementation explanation.

[1413]Jiayou: Jiayan.

[1414] Pi: criminal law, punishment.

[1415] Punishing one person can stop subsequent offenders.

[1416] Sanxi: Three, refers to the three crimes of treachery, corruption and disorder. Three fine crimes refer to the finer crimes among the three crimes.

[1417] Stubborn: dull.

[1418]Ji: Cheng.

[1419]Jian: Identification. Repair: Kindness.

[1420] Health: Pass "nature".

[1421] Respecting Dian is virtue: Dian, regular law. Now, check. Respect Dharma and pay attention to regular laws. In virtue, examine your own virtue. The people obey the monarch's preferences, so the monarch should examine his own virtue.

[1422] Yun: Believe it, it’s true. Dayou: Dashun.

[1423] Words: words, refers to praise.

Translation

After Duke Zhou passed away, King Cheng ordered Duke Zhou's second son Jun Chen to inherit the title of Duke Zhou and govern Cheng Zhou in the eastern suburbs. He wrote "Jun Chen" to admonish him. King Cheng said this: "Jun Chen! You have the virtue of filial piety and respect. Because you are filial to your parents and friendly to your brothers, you can be transferred to politics. I order you to govern Chengzhou in the eastern suburbs. You must be careful! In the past, Duke Zhou did The guardian of the people, the people will remember his virtues. When you go, you should take your duties seriously! Follow the rules of Zhou Gong and work hard to spread the teachings of Zhou Gong, and the people will be peaceful. God; the fragrance of millet is not the fragrance that is smelled from afar, but the fragrance of Mingde is the fragrance that is smelled from afar. You must fulfill the teachings of this Zhou Gong, work tirelessly every day, and do not take ease and pleasure! If a mortal has not seen the Holy Way, it seems as if he cannot see it; if he has seen the Holy Way, he cannot follow the teachings of the saints. You must guard against fear! You are the wind, the people are the grass, and the grass moves with the wind! Don't think it's easy to plan the political affairs of Yin people. If you want to abolish something or establish something, you have to discuss it with everyone again and again. Only when everyone agrees can it be implemented. If you have good plans and good words, you should go into the palace and tell your monarch. Then you should obey the king outside and say: "Such good plans and such good words are the virtues of our king." 'ah! If all your ministers are like this, then it is good! King Cheng said: "Jun Chen!" You should carry forward Duke Zhou’s great teaching! Don't rely on power to cause harm, and don't rely on the law to harm the people. Be tolerant and legal, calm and harmonious. There are people in Yin who fall into the criminal law. If I say punishment, you don’t want to punish; if I say pardon, you don’t want to pardon; you must consider the moderation of the criminal law.

If someone disobeys your political affairs or accepts your teachings, punish him only if it can stop others from breaking the law. Those who habitually do treacherous and illegal things, violate common laws, and corrupt customs will not be forgiven for minor crimes among these three. Don't be angry at stupid and ignorant people, and don't seek blame from one person. Only by being patient can things be successful. Only by being tolerant can you be considered a great virtue. Identify the kind and the unkind; use those who are virtuous to encourage those who are bad. "The people's nature is honest, and they change depending on external things; they often violate the orders of their superiors and obey their preferences. If you can respect the law and examine your own virtues, these people will not change. They really rise to a very high level. In the state of obedience, I will enjoy great blessings, and your good name will be praised forever."

Analysis

After Zhou Gong marched eastward and put down Wu Geng's rebellion, he conquered the Shang Dynasty. The remaining people moved to the eastern suburbs of the capital of the Zhou Dynasty and became Zhou Dynasties, where they personally supervised and educated them. This measure played a positive role in stabilizing the political situation at that time and consolidating the rule of the Zhou Dynasty. After the death of Duke Zhou, King Cheng of Zhou issued a policy document, ordering Jun Chen to succeed Duke Zhou, and encouraged Jun Chen to continue to implement the regular laws for governing Yin formulated by Duke Zhou, implement virtuous governance, and completely transform the people of Yin. The historian recorded King Cheng's strategy book, which is the original chapter, and named it Jun Chen.

Jun Chen, the youngest son of Duke Zhou and the younger brother of Bo Qin. As long as Duke Zhou was alive, the remaining people of the Yin and Shang Dynasties in the east were always in charge of Duke Zhou. After Duke Zhou passed away, King Cheng gave this task to Jun Chen so that his son could inherit his father's legacy. This scripture is the instruction given by King Cheng to Jun Chen. He aims to tell Jun Chen how to govern the people in the area where the Yin survivors live.

King Cheng first put forward a general principle. His original words are: "The fragrance of Zhizhi is felt by the gods; millet and millet are not fragrant, but Mingde is fragrant." The gods in the sky can sense the fragrance of Zhizhi; foods such as millet and millet also have fragrance, but it is Before the fragrance of Mingde, it cannot be called fragrance. King Cheng attributed the invention of this theory to Zhou Gong and asked Jun Chen to follow it seriously. Next, King Cheng elaborated on his theory on the relationship between the monarch and the people: "You are the wind, and the people are the grass." King Cheng means: The monarch is the wind, and the people are the grass. The grass moves with the wind, which way the wind blows. , which way the grass will fall. It means asking him to set an example.