"Marry foreign women"

week

(Originally published in Together, No.2, 20 17)

Since late, China has been poor and weak, and has been bullied by foreigners for a long time. In some people's view, if you can marry a foreign women, you can "give a bad breath" and be labeled as "patriotic"? It's not that simple. It is meaningful to sort out the historical cases of China people marrying foreign women.

It is not easy to marry a foreign women.

The first person who decided to marry foreign women was probably the famous Yung Wing. 1845 when he was an undergraduate at Mary School in Macau, he wrote an article entitled "Intentional new york": "There are two things that make intentions come true: one is to give children an education plan and send most young children to study in the United States; One hopes to have a beautiful woman as a room, and these two things have come true today. " It can be seen from Yung Wing's ambition that it was not easy to marry a foreign women at that time. But China people like to look at their grades and looks, as if they can marry foreign women by studying abroad. Therefore, when the left Fuzhou Ship Administration School sent personnel to study abroad and returned home after three years, it was reported that this group of international students did not study hard, but married foreign women "for entertainment". This rumor was also published in the famous newspaper Shen Bao-of course, the newspaper later published a corrected message.

Hong Rong (1828.11.17-1912.4.21) was originally named Zhao Guang, and her surname was Dameng, whose name was Chunfu, Xiangshan, Guangdong. He is a pioneer in the cause of overseas students in China and is known as "the father of overseas students in China".

It was not easy for early overseas Chinese to marry foreign women, but Britain was an exception. Because Sino-British trade has a long history, Cantonese people have practiced English soil for a long time because of a trade relationship. According to scholars' research, as early as August of 1769, a Potter from Guangzhou sailed for England and was warmly welcomed. Later, another person translated as "Wang Tong" visited London in 1775 and met with British scholars and scientists. Later, in 18 16, two Guangdong businessmen, Feng Yasheng and Feng Yaxue, sailed to England out of curiosity, then went to Germany to play erhu and helped William Shatter, one of the founders of German Sinology, learn Chinese.

After the Opium War, especially after 1842 occupied Hong Kong Island, Cantonese people had closer contacts with British people, the most important of which were of course sailors and handymen employed by British merchant ships. Some of these sailors and handymen stayed in port cities such as Liverpool, and then moved to London and other places, which became the main source of early British Chinese immigrants. In addition to sailors, who were shocked by the advanced science and technology symbolized by westerners, Zhang Zhidong, an important official in the late Qing Dynasty, put forward in "Persuasion of Learning": "It is better to study western books for four or five years if you go abroad for one year" and "It is better to study abroad for three years than at home", so more and more people went abroad to study. Before the imperial court sent overseas students with official fees, many Cantonese people studied in Britain privately because of their geographical convenience and before they got to know each other.

These early Guangdong sailors or overseas students always had to solve physical and even family problems during their stay. They can't be like Jinshan visitors from Xinhui, Kaiping and Taishan in the United States. Even if people are not in their hometown, parents still help to get married and let the bride hug a rooster to pay a New Year call-in any case, they all want to come back. These Cantonese who stayed in Britain asked for a romantic party when they went to the countryside, and those who went up the mountain found an English wife, but they also got what they wanted. 1868, Zhang Deyi, a former foreign language teacher of Emperor Guangxu, accompanied Europe and America. In England, he heard that Wang, a Cantonese, opened a tea shop here and made a lot of money. He once married a "fan daughter" and gave birth to two sons and a daughter within six years. The next year, I saw another example: an English woman, about 30 years old, whose husband was Tian Axi, was born in Qiantang, Zhejiang. She used to throw and catch knives as a play and entertain in European countries. They have been married for nine years and have children.

1894, an Australian woman, her China husband and three children.

As for not marrying foreign women, voyeurism or sleeping with her is also a choice, although it will wait. This "hobby" is unavoidable, even for high officials. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/925, Weng Xizhi (nephew and great-grandson of Weng Tonghe) accompanied the legendary General Xu Shuzheng to Europe, and he was once seen dancing naked in a prostitute's house; "Zhang Jingsheng, Ph.D. in sexology, thinks that Paris is a romantic place, and people are looking for it all over the street. Only inferior people need to visit brothels. But when he lived in Paris again at 1928- 1933, he personally visited the most famous brothel "Glass Palace" in Paris.

Early immigrants, in Cantonese, said "it is difficult to eat vegetables and marry women". However, with China sending 300,000 Chinese workers to Europe to participate in World War I, the situation has changed greatly. Because most of these Chinese workers are stranded outside, they need to get married, and in post-war France and other places, there are more women than men. With the long time spent together, racial segregation or discrimination will be relatively weakened. At this time, the situation of marrying foreign women is relatively more, which is relatively real and beautiful.

China workers at work

These Chinese workers no longer "eat hard", but eat well and wear well (with uniforms), and their image has been greatly improved. At that time, the Far East Times reported: "(Chinese workers) receive a franc of 25 yuan a day and 15 yuan a month in China." Workers' houses are divided into several places, each of which can accommodate thousands of people. The workers live comfortably, but they are not satisfied. According to the regulations, each person should be given two kilograms of rice, four ounces of fish and pickles, and hot water if necessary. An hour after dinner, give half an ounce of tea. Workers can not only get enough food, but also let them go to the sand to practice at any time and get up and go to bed regularly every day. "So, before leaving, they were all fat and strong."

In France at that time, South China University of Technology was "a woman who fell in love with spring, a woman who fell in love with spring". Historian Jiang Tingfu said that in 19 17, he went to leclerc at the request of the YMCA (mainly to stimulate the enthusiasm of China workers in the rear). One night, when he was working in a club, a French girl came in and said that she wanted to talk to Jiang alone, so Jiang took her to the office. The girl asked her if she could marry a worker named Yang. Jiang Tingnai told her: "I don't know that person, so I can't give advice. And asked her if she had considered how different the living habits in China are from those in France. The French girl said that she had thought about it and said, "If I stay in France, I may never get married. Even if I am lucky enough to marry someone, the other person may be a puzzling guy who drinks all the money he earned and loses his temper and scolds me when he is drunk. I have known Yang for a year. He never drinks. I don't think he will hit me. I think it must be good to marry him. " (Memoirs of Jiang Tingfu) Interestingly, before coming to France, Jiang Tingfu himself was dating an American girlfriend. One day, Jiang's girlfriend Catherine and her mother came to the restaurant. Jiang Ben tried to avoid it, but the students at the other end of the plate deliberately played tricks on him and were forced to bite the bullet and entertain two female guests. Catherine's mother gave him a five-yuan tip, which embarrassed Jiang.

For the combination of Chinese workers and French women, if Jiang Tingfu is just a bystander and a neutral, then the party boss Li Shizeng can be regarded as a hard matchmaker. 19 18 At the end of the year, Li Huang, a famous politician who went to France to study in the same boat as Sok Li (later one of the founders of China Youth Party), said that Li Shizeng paid special attention to the illegitimate children born to French laborers and French women. After arriving in France, he spared no effort to entrust people to adopt children of mixed blood between China and France. 1920, Li Shi found special funds to set up a nursery for babies born to French workers and French women, most of whom were illegitimate children.

Among the second generation of Chinese-French hybrids, Dr. Xie Dongfa is probably the most successful and famous. Xie Dongfa's father is from Shandong (originally from Jiangsu), his mother is French and his wife is French. Xie's manners are authentic "French style". He is proficient in English and German, runs a newspaper and has extensive social contacts. 1925, when Xu Shuzheng went to Europe, he was specially invited to help him translate and give a speech. As a result, Xie Dongfa became a famous diplomat representing China, such as China on the Board of Directors of the International Labour Office. Xie Dongfa stands out because his father is not an ordinary sailor, nor a South Chinese worker, but is well-known: "Xie Daming, the noble of Dr. Xie Dongfa, a western native writer, was originally from Jiangning and sailed to France with Ceng Jize ... This is the doyen of overseas Chinese and French Chinese.

Zhang Jingsheng (1888- 1970), formerly known as Zhang and Zhang Gongshi, was born in Raoping, Guangdong, and was the first batch of doctors studying in France in the Republic of China. Philosophers, aestheticians, sexologists, writers and educators were the most important figures in China's ideological and cultural circles in the 1920s and 1930s.

Of course, Dr. Zhang Jingsheng, a sexologist, is the one who can make the most of his romance. At that time, he and Song Ziwen, as the first batch of public students in the Republic of China, also had this capital. Zhang Jingsheng's first French girlfriend had a lover: "One day, she told me that a former lover was injured in the war and went to the south to treat diseases. She was ordered by her mother to take care of him." Soon I met a married French woman who worked as a health worker in a swimming pool and went to Xiudao to live together for a while. It's a pity that this woman left without saying goodbye two or three months later, leaving him out of her wits for several months. 19 16 years, after Zhang Jingsheng transferred to the University of Lyon in the south, perhaps the clubs in the south were more romantic and he got more opportunities to make friends. In Lyon, he also had an illegitimate child with a French woman, but died soon after, which cut off the possibility of bringing a foreign women back to China.

An open and conservative Cantonese.

After the "baptism" of World War I, it was relatively easy for Chinese in Europe to marry foreign women, especially in the rural areas of small non-mainstream countries or countries such as Britain and France. In Belgium, China people seem to be more popular with foreign women. What the famous journalist Zou Taofen saw during his visit to Belgium on 1934 is the "best example".

In the early 1930s, three young Qingtian vendors lived in a Belgian home. It happened that the landlord had three daughters, just the same age as the three Qingtian vendors. It is difficult for these three Qingtian vendors to meet the landlord. They often help their families. After a long time, the landlord's three daughters had feelings and relationships with Qingtian hawkers. One of them is less than 16 years old. After this incident was discovered by their father, his father was furious and went to court to sue the three Qingtian vendors. It is conceivable that vendors are afraid of committing crimes on other people's land. On the day of the trial, there were many people watching the trial, and the China Embassy also sent people to attend. Fortunately, the landlady stood on the side of Qingtian hawker. In front of all the people and the judges, she spoke a big truth plausibly. She described in detail the "crimes" of her husband's "concubines" outside, not only living at home on weekdays, but also ignoring the lives of their mother and daughter, and strongly praised how good the three Qingtian vendors were. The judge asked his three daughters, who all said that their mother's words were good and expressed their willingness to marry three Qingtian vendors. As a result, the three Qingtian vendors were blessed in the disaster and were overjoyed, holding their wives in their arms and "returning home in triumph." (Freshmen Weekly, Volume 1, No.25, 1934)

The people of China are industrious and hardworking. Although there is male chauvinism in China, in front of foreign women, they have not disappeared, but have become "male chauvinism" and even "male chauvinism". It has been observed in Scotland, where the economic conditions are not so good: China people want to have a foreign girlfriend or marry a foreign girlfriend, which is really thankful, because if they marry China people, they can always have servants when they are taken back, and if they marry one of their own, they have to work like slaves all day. Not every family is like this, because there are many domestic servants in Scots, and also because foreign women, a beggar in China, is inferior. Sometimes they are servants of others, but some people use them when they marry China people. If you are a rich China man, there will be more Scottish foreign women chasing you.

Most of these overseas Chinese or overseas students who marry Scottish women are Cantonese. The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a top university in the world and a British university with the deepest relationship with Cantonese. Apart from London, Edinburgh has the largest number of China students studying in Britain.

1934 when Zou Taofen traveled to Europe, he found that most Chinese in Liverpool married British women. There are more than 20 overseas Chinese in Manchester, all of whom do laundry, and almost all of them have British wives. Of course, almost all of them are "henpecked", which is not only because they depend on others, but also because the overseas Chinese who venture to Britain to make a living have a low level of education, and many Chinese and western characters are illiterate. In Britain, wives have at least a high school education, so most of them are under the jurisdiction of their wives, and most of them are "henpecked" because they rely on them to write books and keep accounts. But humbleness and lack of education do not prevent their children from becoming smart and healthy.

In the capital, London, it is naturally more difficult to marry foreign women. Only about 1/3 of overseas Chinese in Guangdong have married British women. This is also due to the "gift" of the war: overseas Chinese have the opportunity to work with British women, and because of contact opportunities, they think that China people who sound terrible on weekdays are not so bad, and many of them are married to China people because of their close feelings. Therefore, there were about 200 mixed-race people in London at that time. They are not only good-looking (especially women), but also very smart. But these legally married children are often discriminated against. For example, when looking for a job after graduation, employers often discriminate against them and refuse to hire them on the grounds of "Chinese and English planting". Not only the children, but also their English mothers are discriminated against. When they were out of breath, they said, "I won't be English." If I marry a China, I am from China! " (Overseas Chinese in Britain, Joint Publishing Company, version 1987) shows that even if you marry foreign women, you can't "take your wife away".

According to Mo Yao's statistics, there were more than 2,000 Chinese-English mixed-race children in Britain at that time, most of whom were gorgeous and smart. "All students in schools in all parts of Britain must get the best grades." Mo Yao was worried that they were educated purely in Britain and forgot their ancestors. Therefore, he negotiated with the Kuomintang organization in London to establish two schools to strengthen the cultural education of these mixed-race children in China, and called on the top management to pay attention to them when they returned to China to attend the Fourth National Congress of the Kuomintang. Although it didn't succeed in the end, it also shows that many people in the elite of the party and the country have such feelings since the veteran Li Shizeng. Of course, Cantonese people are very fierce, because 90% of the more than 700 party member in the London branch of the Kuomintang are Cantonese workers.

Of course, some people can marry foreign women, especially Cantonese people-Cantonese people really have both open and conservative extremes, which can be seen in Sri Lanka. According to records, there used to be a drugstore in Chinatown, London. The shopkeeper surnamed Huang, a native of Guangdong, went to England with his uncle at the age of 12. First I washed people's clothes, then I became a grocery clerk, and finally I became a drugstore owner. I study law at London University. During World War I, he wrote to American President Wilson, fighting for the Shandong issue and seeking justice. This Mr. Huang is over 30 years old, but he is not married yet. He is ashamed of not knowing Chinese characters all day. He reads English-Chinese dictionaries every morning and evening, and marks English pronunciation beside Chinese characters. Mr. Huang Qisheng from Guizhou, who just went abroad at the age of forty, "exchanged courses". Guangdong Huang Sheng is very unhappy, because "there are three unfilial things, and there will be no great future". Huang Sheng, a native of Guizhou, advised him to marry an English woman, but he finally refused Zong Xiong's proposal on the grounds that he could not be buried in his ancestral home after his death and his adopted son was not entirely from China. Huang Sheng of Guizhou went abroad after the May 4th Movement, and his thoughts were trendy, trying to explain the benefits of racial hybridization, while Huang Sheng of Guangdong was unmoved. Later, Huang Sheng in Guangdong had to concentrate on his studies to get a degree, so he had to ask another British salesgirl for help. Who knows that the salesgirl fell in love with the male owner, and the male owner also taught the salesgirl to type, but in the end she took over the shop, resigned from the salesgirl, returned to China to get married and worshipped her parents. When the salesgirl left, she said to Guizhou Huangsheng, "He is an iron man." (Sheng Cheng's European Misconception II: Smoky London)