Historical evolution in the sky

Tianzhongcheng has a long history in the pre-Qin period. The discovery of paleolithic cultural sites such as Dashishan in Queshan County shows that humans lived here as early as 18000 years ago. Ground houses, children's urns and coffins, caves, exquisite stone tools and all kinds of pottery were found in the Neolithic cultural site in Yangzhuang about 4,500 years ago, which shows that there are houses and villages here, and agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts for making pottery and stones are also relatively developed. With the development of production, private ownership and class sprouted. After Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he was enfeoffed as a vassal and his younger brother was Cai. There are Cai (now Shangcai County), Lu (now Xincai County), Shen (now Pingyu County and eastern runan county, northern Zhengyang County), Jiang (now Zhengyang County and southern Queshan County), Dao (now northern Queshan County, western runan county and Yicheng District), Fang (now suiping county), Bai (now Xiping County) and Zhong (now Biyang County). During the Warring States period, these small feudal countries were successively annexed by Chu, and the seven warring states men attacked each other here for a long time. In 223 BC, Li Xin, the general of the State of Qin, led 200,000 troops to attack the State of Chu. In Pingyu (now Gucheng Village, Northwest Sheqiao Township, Pingyu County), Qin Jun was defeated after three days and three nights of fierce fighting with the Chu army. In the second year, the Qin general Wang Jian occupied a large territory between Chen (now Huaiyang County) and Pingyu, and the King of Chu dispatched troops to Pingyu to fight. Qin Jun held his ground and didn't engage with the Chu army, and then Wang Jian took advantage of Chu Dongjin's opportunity. Send a good soldier to pursue and defeat the Chu army.

Qin dynasty

In 22 1 year BC, Qin unified the six countries. Qin Shihuang abolished the enfeoffment system and established counties. Today, the central city belongs to Yingchuan County (now Yuzhou City of Metallurgical Institute). Later it belonged to Chen Jun (now Huaiyang County), which played an important role in the war that Qin destroyed six countries and established a unified dynasty. He is a famous politician in the history of China. Due to the brutal rule of the Qin Dynasty, the first peasant uprising in the history of China led by Chen Sheng, a Runan, broke out in 209 BC. After the rebels captured Chen County (now Huaiyang County), they established the "Zhang Chu" regime. After Chen Sheng was killed by traitors, the Qin Dynasty finally perished in the fire of peasant uprising.

Han Dynasty

In the fourth year of Emperor Gaudi of the Western Han Dynasty (203 BC), Runan was established and Ruyang was ruled by the county (located in Gucheng Village, Sheqiao Township, northwest of Pingyu County). It is under the jurisdiction of Yuzhou Secretariat, and has jurisdiction over 37 counties such as Ruyang (now runan county), Ancheng (now southeast of runan county), Yangcheng (now northwest of Pingyu County), Xincai and Shenyang (now Zhengyang County). During the Han Dynasty, runan county's economy and culture developed gradually, showing a scene of prosperity. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, runan county built the Red Flag Skin, which spanned five counties, namely Pingyu, Runan, Zhengyang, Xincai and Xixian, and irrigated tens of thousands of mu of farmland. In the Western Han Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, Biyang County built horse skins and irrigated more than 10,000 hectares of farmland. In the first year of Yong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, He Chang, the magistrate of Runan, built an old canal in Fuyang (north of Xincai County) and reclaimed more than 30,000 hectares of paddy fields. During the reign of Emperor Zhong Ping, Runan Prefecture mobilized migrant workers to build a sluice with stones on Hongqiao Pi Dam, which further expanded the irrigation area. The construction of water conservancy projects, such as red alkali mixing and horse skin, greatly improved agricultural production conditions and made runan county one of the richest areas in Zhougang. During the Han Dynasty, there were many talented people in runan county. There are more than 65,438+000 officials and celebrities in runan county, whose names are listed in The Book of the Later Han Dynasty and The General Meaning of Customs. Therefore, it is called "You are half a dynasty" and "Runan strange man".

Three Kingdoms, Jin Dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties

During the Three Kingdoms period, today, the central city was Wei, which was divided into runan county and Nanyang County. In the Western Jin Dynasty, runan county was assigned to Runan Yin Na. The Eastern Jin Dynasty belonged to the former Qin Dynasty, followed by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the later Qin Dynasty, the later Zhao Dynasty and the former Yan Dynasty. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Runanxing, a subordinate, and Emperor Wen of the Southern Song Dynasty established an overseas Chinese country in runan county. At first, Runan was called Xuanzang. At the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Yuzhou was changed to Yuzhou, and it was renamed many times later.

Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties

At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the great cause was changed to Runan County, which belonged to Yuzhou and Biyang belonged to Huai 'an County of Yuzhou. Tang and Song Dynasties belong to Cai Hetang. In the first year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the county was changed to Yuzhou, and Tang Suzong changed runan county to Yuzhou in the early Yuan Dynasty. Restore Tang Zhou. In the early generation, Baoying changed Yuzhou to Cai Zhou. In the third year of Jianyan (1 129), Jin conquered Cai Zhou and established the Confederate army in Cai Zhou town.

Yuan Ming Qing dynasty

The early Yuan Dynasty was the four dynasties of Cai, Chen and Tang. In the 30th year of Yuan Dynasty (1293), Cai Zhou was promoted to Runing House and Biyang was returned to Nanyang House.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, today's Zhong Shi belonged to Runing House and Nanyang House, and later moved to Henan Road. After years of war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, the population of Runing area dropped sharply, and it was desolate everywhere. Ming Taizu ordered landless farmers in Taihu Lake Basin and Shaanxi Province to move to southern Henan. At that time, counties in Runing received a large number of immigrants, and large areas of wasteland were reclaimed to grow crops. In the early Qing dynasty, the government took measures to reward reclamation and clearly announced the land of the Ming dynasty. Whoever cultivates belongs to him. Jin Zhen, the magistrate of Runing County, registered more than 6,000 hectares of land occupied by King Chong Palace in Ming Dynasty, and admitted that these lands belonged to the original tenant farmers. Local officials in Runing attach great importance to water conservancy construction. During the five to seven years of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, Ruyang, Shangcai, Xincai, Queshan, Xiping, Suiping, Pingyu and other counties dredged 327 canals, which improved agricultural production conditions, alleviated floods and promoted the development of factory production.

After the Opium War, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, with prominent social contradictions and constant peasant uprisings. 185 1 year, Anbaili rebellion broke out in Pingyu. 1853, the Taiping Army entered the Runing area in the northern expedition. 1860, centering on Pingyu, the Nian Army Uprising led by Chen Daxi broke out. Nian Army moved to Hubei, Henan, Shandong and Anhui provinces, which dealt a heavy blow to the reactionary rule of the Qing Dynasty. 1900, in response to the anti-imperialist struggle of the Boxer Rebellion, Queshan, Biyang, Suiping and other places launched anti-foreign religious struggles against imperialist religious aggression. 1906, the "Renyihui" uprising led by Miao Jinsheng broke out in Suiping. At the same time, the wave of bourgeois national democratic revolution gradually spread to Tianzhongcheng. 1906, Menzigu and Liu Cuixuan of Xincai County joined the League. 1907, Xincai branch of the League was established, with Ren Zhiming as the branch minister. At this time, Liu Cong, a member of Xincai League, actively promoted bourgeois democratic thoughts after returning to Japan, and Xincai once became the center of the democratic revolution in southern Henan.

Republic of China period

In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), Runing House was renamed Xiangnan Road. 19 18 changed to Ruyang Road. 1927, the Kuomintang established the Office of the Eighth Administrative Region of Henan Province, based in Runan. 19 19 the may 4th movement kicked off the new-democratic revolution in China and promoted the new awakening of the people in China. The vast number of young people are full of patriotic enthusiasm and devoted themselves to the vigorous anti-imperialist patriotic movement. After the establishment of the China * * * Production Party, the people in Tianzhong actively carried out the workers' movement and the peasants' movement under the leadership of the Party, and opposed imperialism and the Beiyang warlords. 1925 during the May 30th Movement, workers went on strike, students and businessmen went on strike, angrily denounced the imperialist atrocities of Britain and Japan, and supported the anti-imperialist struggles in Shanghai and Guangzhou. At the same time, the peasant movement flourished. 1926, party member, Li Mingqi, Zhang Jiaduo, Zhang, (Yang Jingyu), Kong Jianwu, Yu Xiumin, born in Tianzhong, studied in other places, and used their holidays to return to China to carry out revolutionary propaganda activities. Established a special branch in China with Zhang Jiaduo as the secretary and seven party groups including Zhengyang, Runan and Queshan. 1in April, 927, in order to meet the Northern Expedition, Tianzhongteke led more than 20,000 peasants to riot, wiped out more than 200 Beiyang Army in one fell swoop, liberated Queshan County for the first time, and established the first county-level revolutionary regime of workers and peasants in Henan Province-Queshan County Temporary Security Committee, which wrote a glorious page in the revolutionary history of China. After the Northern Expeditionary Army arrived in Tanaka, it was warmly welcomed by people from all walks of life. /kloc-May 0/5 to/kloc-May 0/7, the Northern Expeditionary Army and Bong warlords fought fiercely in Shangcai and Xiping, and the Northern Expeditionary Army won a total victory. Since then, the rule of Beiyang government in Henan has come to an end.

During the Second Revolutionary Civil War, Tianzhongcheng was the battlefield where new warlords attacked each other. In order to resist the reactionary rule of the Kuomintang, under the leadership of Teke Tanaka, Zhang Jiaduo, Ma Shangde and others set up Queshan County Revolutionary Committee and joined Xinyang Peasant Army in Siwangshan. Liudian Autumn Harvest Uprising opened the prelude of Henan Agrarian Revolution and sowed the fire of armed survival in southern Henan. Since then, there have been more than a dozen armed riots, such as the second peasant uprising in Quebian, the Shuitun uprising in Runan and the Baigou Temple uprising in Zhengyang, which have made positive contributions to the establishment of the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet areas.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the people in Tianzhong held high the banner of the anti-Japanese national united front and actively organized anti-Japanese armed forces. 1937, 165438+ 10. In October, the Hubei-Henan Border Region Provincial Committee was changed to the South Henan Special Committee, and the South Henan Red Army Guerrilla was reorganized into the Anti-Japanese Independent Regiment of the People's Republic of Henan, and soon it was reorganized into the eighth detachment of the fourth detachment of the New Fourth Army. The Eighth Regiment and the Central Henan Special Committee entered Zhugou Town, Queshan County. 165438+1On October 23rd, the Central Plains Bureau headed by (Liu Shaoqi) and the Henan Provincial Party Committee entered Zhugou. The Central Committee also sent Peng Xuefeng, Li Xiannian and Chen Shaomin to Zhugou to lead the work, mobilize the people in the Central Plains and strengthen the anti-Japanese forces, which soon opened up a new situation in the anti-Japanese struggle behind enemy lines. Zhugou became an important base for the growth of the New Fourth Army. The fourth division, the fifth division and the first division of the second division of the New Fourth Army all developed from here and met with the armed forces of local party leaders. Zhugou became "an important position and strategic support point for the development of the Central Plains Producer Party" for a time, and made important contributions to the Central Plains Anti-Japanese War, and was known as "Little Yan 'an". The existence of the Zhugou Party organization aroused the hatred of the Kuomintang reactionaries in the factory. On June 10/939+065438+10/10/day, more than 65438 local Kuomintang armed men raided the Zhugou rear office of the Eighth Regiment of the New Fourth Army, killing cadres, soldiers, the wounded and their families. During the period of 1944, Runan, Queshan, Xiping, Suiping and Shangcai successively fell into the hands of the Japanese aggressors. In order to effectively attack the Japanese invaders and the Kuomintang die-hards, the South Henan Guerrilla Corps formed an advance team with five companies, established Ruzheng and Zhenshan anti-Japanese base areas with Huchongdian as the center, and successively launched attacks on ant bees, ant hills, Daleshan and Banqiao in Biyang, Queshan, annihilated hundreds of Kuomintang spy armed forces and local armed forces, and established anti-Japanese base areas with Zhugou and Gushanchong as the center. * * * Henan prefectural party committee, commissioner's office, and military sub-zones were established in Gushanchong. After the expansion of the South Henan Guerrilla Corps into the Henan Advance Corps, it opened up the central Henan base area with Mount Yi as the center, and set up the party, government and military organs such as the central Henan prefectural party committee, the commissioner's office and the military sub-division. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Kuomintang government ignored the people's desire for peace, openly provoked a civil war and sent heavy troops to attack the revolutionary base areas in central and southern Henan. Under the leadership of Li Xiannian, Zheng Weisan and Wang Zhen, the Central Plains People's Liberation Army successfully organized the "Central Plains Breakthrough" in June 1946. In Siwangshan, the independent Henan detachment of the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Working Committees and the guerrillas of the new Qitong Working Committee were established. Continue to persist in the revolutionary struggle. 1July, 947, Liu Bocheng and the main force of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army fought a decisive battle with the enemy in the areas of Leigang and Wangzhuang in Zhengyang, forcing Ruhe to advance into Dabie Mountain, and Chen Geng and Xie to go south along Pinghan Road. In Zhuwangzhai, between Suiping and Xiping, the headquarters of the Fifth Corps of the Kuomintang annihilated more than 10,000 people and was reorganized into the third division, capturing more than 8,000 officers and men below the enemy's chief of staff. 1949 After the Huaihai Campaign ended in early 1949, all counties in the city were liberated one after another. Under the leadership of the party, the people in the sky finally bid farewell to the darkness and ushered in the dawn.

New China period

1March, 949, Queshan Special Zone was established, which governs eight counties: Runan, Xinyang, Shangcai, Xincai, Zhengyang, Xiping, Suiping, Queshan, Xinyang and Zhumadian. In August, the agency moved to Xinyang City and changed its name to Xinyang District. 1July, 965, Xinyang and Zhumadian were divided, and Zhumadian area was established, and Biyang County in Nanyang area was placed under Zhumadian area. In June, 2000, the State Council approved the withdrawal of Zhumadian to set up a city. Later, it was called Tianzhong City. 9 counties 1 district, 192 townships and offices (12 1 township, 56 towns, 15 subdistrict offices), 2,662 administrative villages,14/kloc.