I want to know something mysterious!

There is a sea area in the Atlantic Ocean that is famous for its terror-Bermuda Triangle, which makes the entrants disappear. First of all, it can't be found on any map. It is just an imaginary area surrounded by Bermuda, Florida and Puerto Rico (near North America). The area of this horrible Atlantic Ocean is 1035996 square kilometers.

The legend of Bermuda Triangle goes like this: more than 65,438+0,000 people, as well as hundreds of ships and planes disappeared in this sea area ... leaving no trace.

Many mysterious events were recorded. Some sailors and pilots passing through the Bermuda Triangle complained that the power system has stopped working, and although the weather is fine, it shines brightly in the greenish clouds.

Christopher Columbus was the first person to record all the unusual accidents. Columbus sailed for the first time, and when it was calm, he suddenly saw a pillar of fire whistling from the sky! The compass on the ship suddenly turned in the opposite direction!

1929, a ship named Carol A- Derry sailed smoothly into the port of North Carolina in North America. But when the dockers climbed onto the boat, they didn't find anyone! A pot of steaming rice is cooking on the stove in the lookout!

1945 February, an accident called "19 flight" happened. That's the code name of the accident in which five naval bombers disappeared in Bermuda. On the same day, the plane took off to perform routine patrol tasks. An hour later, one of the pilots reported an accident and heard several signals. After that, everything fell silent!

Maya and Maya culture

Maya is one of the largest tribes among American Indian groups, mainly distributed in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and Belize.

The Mayans have a long history. They used to live a primitive life near Veracruz in the Gulf of Mexico. From about 2000 BC to 1500 BC, it gradually migrated to the southeast and settled in the southernmost part of Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras to engage in agricultural production. With the continuous development of productive forces, classes began to sprout. In the first few centuries after A.D., the Maya established many slave city-states. After several ups and downs, these city-states were invaded by Spanish colonists in the16th century, and the Maya established brilliant Mayan culture with great creative labor. Maya culture flourished from 300 to 900 AD, and then gradually declined.

The most outstanding achievement of splendid Mayan culture is the creation of hieroglyphs, astronomy and calendars.

According to archaeological findings, Maya is a tribe with the highest level of social development among American Indians. They invented Mayan hieroglyphics around A.D., which is the only writing in ancient America .. This writing method is mainly images, but there are also many symbols, phonetic symbols and syllables. From the basic principle, it is similar to the known hieroglyphics of Egypt, China and Babylon.

Maya carved Mayan characters on stone pillars, stone tablets, buildings and sawdust, recording rich history, science, myths and poems. It is worth mentioning the world-famous Chronicle of Maya. Maya usually erect a stone tablet or pillar in their town every 20 years to record the major events that happened at that time, with stories of characters engraved on the front and hieroglyphics engraved around them as a reminder. The discovered chronological stone tablet shows that the Mayan people erected the stone tablet for more than 1200 years.

When Europe was still in the early Middle Ages, the Mayans had a more accurate calendar. As early as the first few centuries A.D., the Mayans created a "solar calendar" in which the earth revolves around the sun for one year. This calendar divides a year into 18 months, 20 days per month, plus 5 death days, which is ***365 days. Add one day every four years. This is more accurate than the calendars of ancient Greece and Rome. Due to the need of farming, the Mayans mastered the laws of motion of the moon, Venus and other planets, and calculated the time of solar and lunar eclipses.

Maya's architecture and sculpture art are unique. Towering pyramids, magnificent halls and temples, dazzling stone carvings, murals, reliefs, pottery and jade handicrafts in tombs all shine with the talent and wisdom of the ancient Mayan working people. Their painting skills are also superb. The Mexican frescoes in Bonanpak depict the war scenes in India, and are the treasures of world art, just like Dunhuang in China, Azores in India and Nossas frescoes in Crete. ..

Maya culture has had a far-reaching impact on the surrounding ethnic groups: Tortik and Zapotige in Mexico, influenced by Mayan culture, also created their own characters; Many ethnic groups in Mexico adopted the Mayan calendar almost intact; Counting also spread to other ethnic groups. Mayans have grown corn, tomatoes, cocoa and tobacco all over the world.

The connection between Maya and China can be traced back centuries. According to many scholars at home and abroad, the Fusang country visited by Zen master Ji in 50 AD is the worrying Katan of Maya country. Moreover, several groups of stone anchors used by China ships more than 500 years ago were found in the Pacific coast of America. In connection with many similarities between the two cultures, the interaction between Maya and China can indeed be traced back to ancient times.

Egyptian pyramids

Egyptian pyramids:

The pyramids are tombs built by the kings of ancient Egypt. The pyramids of Giza in Egypt are considered as one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. Most of the pyramids in Egypt were built in the third and sixth dynasties. These pyramids with a history of more than 4,000 years are mainly distributed in the capital Cairo and Giza on the west bank of the Upper Nile. The pyramids of Giza belong to King Kabra on the left and King Kuff on the right, and there is a sphinx nearby. The main building material is limestone, and some are granite.

Eighty pyramids have been discovered in Egypt, the most spectacular of which is the pyramids of Giza built around 2600 BC, all of which were artificially built. How did the ancient Egyptians carve stones and build tombs? The layout of the passages and rooms inside the mausoleum is like a maze. How did the ancient Egyptians design it?

Statue of Zeus:

Zeus is the god of Greek gods. The statue of Zeus built for worship was the largest indoor statue in the world at that time. The Temple of Zeus, where the statue of Zeus is located, is the birthplace of the Olympic Games, and some Olympic events are held here. The site is located in the ancient city of Olympia on the west coast of Greece.

The temple of Zeus was built in 470 BC and completed in 456 BC. It was designed by architect Lieben, and the statue of Zeus was in the charge of sculptor Pheidias. The temple is made of limestone, with plaster on the surface and marble on the roof. The temple is supported by Corinthian columns, with a height of17m and an area of 4 1. & gt Comprehensive Forum >> Mapping Area > > Human Geography Thanks to Ugly Salmon [88663 14])

Fallos lighthouse

The other six wonders of the Fallot Lighthouse are absolutely different, because it has no religious color, and it is built purely for people's real life. The light of the Fallot lighthouse shines all over Alexandria at night, protecting the ships at sea. In addition, it was the tallest building in the world at that time.

Location: fallows Island near Alexandria.

Shortly after the death of Alexander the Great, Ptolemy Soter, one of his subordinates, ruled Egypt and made Alexandria its capital. In view of the dangerous sea lanes near Alexandria, Ptolemy Soter ordered the architect soste Lars to cooperate with the Alexandria Library /Mouseion to build the Fallot Lighthouse, which was completed in 290 BC. (From: QQ Forum >> Comprehensive Forum >> Mapping Area > > Human Geography Thanks to Ugly Salmon [88663 14])

Hanging garden:

Like the colossus of Rhodes, archaeologists have not found the remains of the hanging garden so far. In fact, many ancient people mentioned hanging gardens in their works, but they only heard of them from others and never really saw them. Is the hanging garden a pure legend?

The Hanging Garden is located east of the Euphrates River and about 50 miles south of Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. It is one of the four ancient civilizations in Babylon. Of course, the hanging gardens in Babylon have never hung in the air. The origin of this name is purely due to people's mistranslation of the Greek word "kremastos" and the Latin word "pensilis", whose original meaning is "hanging".

It is generally believed that the Hanging Garden was built by King Nebuchadnezzar (604-562 BC) to comfort the homesick princess Amyitis and imitate her hometown in the mountains (from: QQ Forum >> Comprehensive Forum >> Mapping Area > > Human Geography Thanks to Ugly Salmon [88663 14]).

Temple of themis:

Themis is the Greek goddess of hunting. Arabs call her Rath, Egyptians call her Isis, and Romans call her Diana. In ancient Greece, themis was deeply worshipped, so he built the Temple of themis, one of the seven wonders.

The ruins of Timmy Temple are estimated to be located in the ancient city of Free Soul, about 50 kilometers south of Izmir (Smyrna). (From: QQ Forum >> Comprehensive Forum >> Mapping Area > > Human Geography Thanks to Ugly Salmon [88663 14])

The colossus of Rhodes:

The colossus of Rhodes is the most mysterious of the ten wonders, because it collapsed in just 56 years, and archaeologists have not even been able to determine its exact location and appearance.

The colossus of Rhodes is located in the port of Rhodes, leading to the Mediterranean Sea. In 305 BC, the Federation of Rhodes and antigone.

There was a war, and the victorious Rhodes Federation got a lot of trophies. To commemorate this victory, they sold their trophies and built the colossus of Rhodes. (From: QQ Forum >> Comprehensive Forum >> Mapping Area > > Human Geography Thanks to Ugly Salmon [88663 14])

Mao Solas Tomb Temple:

Mao Solas's Tomb Temple is located in Nassus, Halka, in the southwest of Turkey. Its bottom building is rectangular, with an area of 40m (120ft) by 30m (100ft) and a height of 45m (140ft), in which the pier wall is 20m high and the column is 12m high, and it is a pyramid.

Cars. In addition to its architecture, this mausoleum temple is also famous for its sculptures. The sculpture of Mausoleum Temple was made by four famous sculptors, Briasis, Leo Chales, Scopas and Timothy, each of whom was responsible for one side of the tomb temple.

/kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, Halicarnassus was occupied. In order to build a huge castle, the new ruler used some stones from Mao Solas's tomb temple as building materials in 1494. Today, many sculptures still survive and are kept in museums in London, England. /kloc-since the 0/9th century, the archaeological excavation of Mausolasso's tomb temple has provided a lot of information about Mao. & gt Comprehensive Forum >> Mapping Area > > Human Geography Thanks to Ugly Salmon [88663 14])

Great Wall of Wan Li, China:

One of the great projects in ancient China. It was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770-476 BC) and was built by the Ming Dynasty. It starts from Jiayuguan in Gansu in the west and reaches Hushankou on the Yalu River in Dandong, Liaoning in the east, running through Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Mongolia, Hebei, Liaoning and other places. Along the way, there are Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan, Niangziguan and other checkpoints.

Qin Shihuang later connected these intermittent Great Walls. It is said that 300,000 soldiers and millions of people and slaves were used at that time. However, the Great Wall can't completely prevent foreign invasion, because after the completion of the Great Wall, northern foreigners still often cross the Great Wall, raid villages on the border of China, and rob crops or livestock.

The Great Wall is the only three-dimensional building in history that can be seen from space. It is not easy to build it with modern science and technology, but it is really rare for China to build it in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period more than 2,000 years ago. The building materials of the Great Wall are all made from local materials, which vary greatly from place to place. In the Han Dynasty, the Great Wall was built of mud and reeds. The volume of the Great Wall is also different. Juyongguan area is about 8.5 meters high and 8.5 meters wide at the lower part. The upper part is about 5 meters wide. There is a castle (equivalent to a tower) every 70 ~ 100 meters, and its height is about 12.3 meters. Most castles are heavy, and there are only two or three key places.

The eastern section of the Great Wall passes through mountainous or hilly areas, which is called "cutting mountains to build ancient buildings" and "blocking them with dangers" in ancient times, with ups and downs and magnificent shapes; The middle and west sections are arid areas, sparsely populated and desolate. If you visit Yanmenguan, Juyongguan, Gubeikou or Shanhaiguan in the middle, and look at the excellent situation of China's mountains and rivers, you will marvel at the difficulty of our ancestors in opening up territory and arouse infinite thanks, sir. (From: QQ Forum >> Comprehensive Forum >> Mapping Area > > Human Geography Thanks to Ugly Salmon [88663 14])

Port Alexandra outside Fallows Lighthouse:

In 332 BC, Alexander the Great of Macedonian Empire established an ancient city-Alexandria, west of the mouth of the Nile River in Egypt. After the death of Alexander the Great, the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt began to rise, and Alexandria became the capital of the Ptolemaic dynasty and prospered. Besides, Alexandra has been found.

The joint location of Asia, Africa and Europe can also lead to the ports of the Nile and the Mediterranean. You can imagine how Alexandria prospered and how world trade developed. In addition, the Faroes lighthouse, one of the seven wonders of the world, shines on the seaport of Faross Island in Alexandria. Egypt also has a large number of temples, palaces and other architectural relics. Although Alexandra is so prosperous, Alexandra has changed beyond recognition today. Scientists believe that most of these buildings have collapsed because of a great earthquake in the fourth century AD. Scientists have made many excavations in Alexandria. Among them, in an excavation in 1996, French experts claimed that large-scale ancient relics were found at the bottom of Alexandria, and traces of ancient roads and paving stones were also found. Investigators found an ancient Greek pot that sank to the bottom of the sea in ancient times. There are two handles on the pot, which are used to transport wine and other trading items. The investigation team also found the head of the statue of Pharaoh. The staff first fixed the Pharaoh's head with metal utensils, and then sent the statue into the water with balloons. The survey was conducted at the possible location of the Fallows lighthouse. Just compare the head of the statue with the staff next to it, and you can imagine the huge statue. With these discoveries, thousands of cultural relics have been excavated for many investigations. Most of the excavated remains weigh several tons to dozens of tons. From these ruins, we can gradually imagine the mysterious lighthouse of Fallot. Due to the prosperity of Alexandra and the backwardness of ancient navigation orientation technology, we can imagine that the Fallot Lighthouse, which shines on the whole port, plays an extremely important role in defending the lives of ancient sailors. Can future generations have a clearer understanding of the Fallot Lighthouse? It all depends on whether the government and experts will pay attention to the excavation of Alexandria. If the excavation of Alexandria can be further developed, more architectural features can be reproduced. (From: QQ Forum >> Comprehensive Forum >> Mapping Area > > Human Geography Thanks to Ugly Salmon [88663 14])

Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang:

After visiting the Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, foreign heads of state and scholars believe that the discovery of Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit is not only an important discovery in China, but also an important discovery in the world archaeological history, which can be said to be the eighth wonder in the world. It can be compared with Egyptian pyramids and ancient Greek sculptures, and is recognized as a valuable wealth of human culture in the world.

Archaeological Discovery Shocked China and Foreign Countries 1974 Archaeologists in China have unearthed more than 7,000 pottery pots that have been sleeping for thousands of years, which is considered as an ancient miracle and the most spectacular archaeological discovery in this century. Qin terracotta warriors and horses are rare in the world in terms of quantity, quality and archaeological discoveries. It is of great significance to deeply study the military, political, economic, cultural, scientific and artistic aspects of the Qin Dynasty in the second century BC.

The terracotta warriors and horses of Qin Shihuang, the treasure house of ancient clay sculpture art, were shaped with real life as the theme. Their artistic techniques are exquisite and vivid, their gestures and facial expressions are different, their personalities are distinct, and they have strong characteristics of the times, showing the peak of clay sculpture art, adding luster to the splendid ancient culture of the Chinese nation and a glorious page to the history of world art.

Ancient Greek legends

The beauty and moving of ancient Greek mythology are world-famous.

Ancient Greece is one of the ancient civilizations in the world. The activities of the ancient Greeks mainly included the southern Balkans, the western coastal areas of Asia Minor and the islands in the eastern Mediterranean. In addition, they have been in contact with the residents along the Black Sea for a long time, and emigrated to the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula and Sicily, with footprints as far away as the western Mediterranean and North Africa. The ancient Greeks created splendid and colorful cultures, and left a rich legacy in the process of their survival and development, among which myths and legends are one.

Ancient mythology has a long history, which is the product of ancient humans conquering natural forces with the help of imagination during the period of low productivity development. Thus, the ancient myth must include the story of God and the story of the relationship and conflict between man and God, that is, the legend of heroes. The story of God more clearly reflects the rich imagination of ancient human beings in visualizing powerful natural phenomena, while the legend of heroes mainly worships and idealizes legendary figures and related events that may have some historical significance, reflecting the survival activities of ancient human beings and their tenacious struggle with nature. Ancient Greek mythology also includes these two aspects.

Ancient Greek myths and stories were formed very early. They are the crystallization of collective creation from ancient generations. Myth was first passed down by word of mouth, and then by words. Its earliest written document handed down from generation to generation is Homer's epic. In addition to the main story, the epic also mentioned many other fairy tales, which were obviously widely circulated and known at that time. Shortly after Homer, there was the ancient Greek poet hesiod's long poem "Divine Spectrum", which briefly described many fairy tales and immediately tried to pedigree those stories. The theme of ancient Greek tragedy is basically based on myth, which is a dramatic embodiment of the writer's realistic understanding of those fairy tales. In the Hellenistic period after the 3rd century BC, Alexander scholars made great contributions to the collection and preservation of ancient Greek myths in the collection and annotation of classic works, while some poets excavated many little-known mythological allusions under the guidance of the principle of knowledge.

Influenced by animism, ancient Roman mythology lacked vivid thinking about gods and fairy tales. Heroic legends are also mainly reflected in historical stories, and the characters in the stories are more realistic than Superman. After being exposed to the ancient Greek mythology, the ancient Romans were quickly attracted by the Greek mythology of the passive people, thus widely absorbing the images and stories of the ancient Greek gods, and a unique fusion of ancient Greek and Roman myths and legends appeared.

The ancient Greek nation has undergone several changes in its development process, and their myths and concepts have also changed constantly in this change. The basic feature of this change is the change from nature worship to human nature worship. The basic feature of Greek mythology in this period that people are familiar with is that people created gods in their own images and endowed them with human form, humanity and even social relations. The basic difference between God and man is that God is powerful, immortal and carefree. Human beings are weak, will die and have a hard life. They often have to turn to the gods, but they often curse them for doing evil. The ancient Greeks worshipped God, but at the same time they also praised people, their courage and enterprising spirit. The ancient Greeks criticized the personality weaknesses such as pride, cruelty, vanity, greed, violence and stubbornness, and thought that it was these personality weaknesses that often caused the tragedy of life. The ancient Greeks worshipped gods, but they did not give them excessive sublimity, nor did they regard them as the standard of moral measurement, but regarded them as the reflection of life. It is with this humanistic spirit, touching stories and profound ideological connotation that ancient Greek mythology has always attracted readers, exuded fascinating power, and made people never tire of reading it, becoming rich materials for later literary and artistic creation.

The collection of ancient Greek myths and stories circulated by later generations is compiled from ancient materials. Among these fairy tales, the works of German poet Schwab are considered to be better, with rich and comprehensive contents and reliable plots. I believe this new version translated by Gao Zhongfu, Guan Huiwen and Xiaohui will further help China readers to read and understand ancient Greek myths.