The comparison between the first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution, and what is their significance to history?

The Second Industrial Revolution (mainly in Europe and America)

The rise of the second industrial revolution was also under the same background.

politics

The capitalist system was established in Britain.

The capitalist system has been established in the world

economy

The rapid development of British capitalist economy

Capitalist competition has risen to the level of improving labor productivity.

science and technology

Workshop handicraft industry has accumulated rich knowledge of production technology.

Great progress has been made in natural science.

market

The domestic and international markets are constantly expanding.

The capitalist world market has basically taken shape.

The main achievements of the second industrial revolution

(1) Hargreaves invented Jenny spinning machine in 1765; (2) Watt improved the steam engine in 1785; (3) Stephenson invented the steam locomotive in 18 14.

(1) the widespread application of electric power (2) the creation of internal combustion engines and new means of transportation (3) the invention of new means of communication (guiding students to draw books)

Characteristics of the first industrial revolution

Characteristics of the Second Industrial Revolution

(1) Most machines were invented by workers and technicians with practical experience (humans entered age of steam).

Science and technology began to be closely integrated, and technological inventions were based on scientific progress (mankind entered the electrical age)

(2) It first occurred in Britain and slowly spread to the surrounding areas centered on Britain.

It happened almost simultaneously in several advanced capitalist countries and spread rapidly.

(3) Britain completed the industrial revolution first, followed by France and the United States, while Germany, Italy, Japan and Russia have not yet completed it.

In some countries that have not yet completed the first industrial revolution, the two industrial revolutions crossed.

(4) The industrial revolution began in the light industry sector, and textile, machine building, metallurgy, coal mining, transportation and other sectors became the five pillars of capitalist industry.

Emphasis is placed on basic industries, heavy industries and energy industries.

differentiate

First industrial revolution

the second industrial revolution

Workers and technicians sum up their labor experience and invent tools.

Based entirely on science and technology

Originated in Britain, many countries introduced British equipment.

Inventions are made in all countries, most of which are in the United States and Germany.

Mainly cotton textile and other light industries.

In heavy industry, electric power, communication and other fields.

(1) The rapid combination of natural science and industrial production; (combination of science and technology) ② New technological inventions appeared in several countries almost at the same time; In some countries, the two industrial revolutions crossed.