How many musical instruments were there in ancient China?

Neolithic Age: flute (bone whistle), pottery xun, pottery cymbals, stone chimes, and earthen drums.

Xia: 龠.

Shang: Yu (big Sheng), He (small Sheng), Yan (Xiao), Yong (big cymbal), braided cymbals, Fou, Duo, special chime, and foot drum.

Western Zhou Dynasty: Chi, Guan, Xiao (panpipe), reed, Ben drum, Ying drum, Xuan drum, Qin, zither and chimes.

Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period: Zheng, Zhu, Bronze Drum, Xiegu, Ding Yu.

Zuo, Han: Sui (flute), Qiang flute, reed pipe, gourd pipe, horn, bamboo pipe, festival drum, pipa (ruan), harp (lying harp).

Three Kingdoms, Two Jins, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Sui and Tang: flute - flute, piccolo, transverse flute, righteous flute, shakuhachi, Xiao (panpipe) - big Xiao, small Xiao, Sheng - big Sheng, small Sheng, harmonica (oral string), leaf blowing, beard, double beard (double pipe), square sound, gong, drum - Jie drum, eaves drum, Qi drum, waist drum, Duxian drum, Maoyuan drum, Tara drum , jilou drum, main drum, continuous drum, dabu (hand drum), cymbals - regular cymbals, and cymbals, cymbals, clapper, star, three-stringed qin, percussion qin, Taiyi, seven-stringed, six-stringed, Tianbao Music, pipa - big pipa, plain pipa (ruan), quxiang pipa, big five-string pipa, small five-string pipa, harp - lying harp, vertical harp, phoenix-head harp, zither - playing zither, blocking zither, rolling zither, Xi Ni.

Song and Yuan Dynasty: flute-official flute, Qiang flute, Xia flute, small solitary flute, partridge, Husheng flute, seven-star flute, whistle flute, vertical flute, horizontal flute, Lusha Fengquan (36 reeds) , Yun gong, gun and drum, water lamp, Huo Bu Si, Bohai Qin, gourd Qin, Hu Qin, three strings.

Ming and Qing Dynasties: flute-qudi, bangdi, drum-tanggu, cylinder drum, bangu, book drum, octagonal drum, point drum, dulcimer, huqin-fiddle, Nanhu (erhu), banhu , Banghu, Yehu, Sihu, Jinghu, Ruan-Yueqin, Shuangqing, and Zuoqin.

Wind instruments

Chinese wind instruments have very ancient origins. According to legend, during the period of Xia Yu four thousand years ago, there was a wind instrument called "羠" made of reeds. In the 20th year of the Republic of China, three Neolithic "Xun" were discovered in Jingcun, Wanquan County, Shanxi Province. There are records of musical instruments such as Xiao, Guan, Huan, Sheng and so on in the Book of Songs. Military music that replaced the rise is also called drum music, horizontal blowing, riding blowing, etc. It uses panpipes, bamboo rafts, horns, flutes, etc. as the main instruments. It is often played when the army is marching, and is also used as a guard of honor or played at banquets and other entertainment. use. The appearance of suona was relatively late, and it was only recorded in the Ming Dynasty. To this day, wind instruments are the main musical instruments in folk weddings, funerals and folk festivals.

Dizi: Xiao:

Sheng: Suona:

Strung instrument

Strung instrument is a horsetail mounted on a thin bamboo bow An instrument that vibrates and produces sound by rubbing the strings. Common stringed instruments in my country include Erhu, Gaohu, Zhonghu, Gehu, Beigehu, Banhu, Sihu, etc. Huqin existed as early as the Tang Dynasty and was scattered in literary works. It was called "Qin" at that time. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was widely spread among the people in northern my country and was called Xiqin.

Currently, there are no fewer than dozens of huqin-like instruments used in various places and in various dramas. They not only have beautiful timbres and distinctive local colors, but also have high-level playing skills and rich expressive capabilities, especially The erhu has developed even more in recent decades and has become an excellent performance instrument and an important band instrument.

Banhu: Erhu (Nanhu):

Zhonghu: Gehu:

Beigehu:

Plucked instrument

Plucked instruments are a general term for musical instruments that use fingers or a plectrum to pluck the strings, and use bamboo to strike the strings to produce sounds. Plucked instruments have a long history and come in many types and shapes. They are a very distinctive type of stringed instrument.

According to differences in instrument shape, performance and playing methods, plucked instruments can be roughly divided into three categories:

The first category is represented by the lyre, including harps, zithers and other instruments. This type of musical instrument has a rectangular wooden box as the body, with strings stretched out, and is played flat.

The second category is represented by the pipa, which includes Liuqin, Yueqin, Ruan, Sanxian and other instruments. It is equipped with four, three or two strings. The left hand presses the strings and the right hand plucks. It is usually played on the lap. Play.

The third category is the dulcimer. It is placed flat on a wooden frame and the strings are struck with bamboo to obtain the sound. It was introduced from abroad around the Ming Dynasty.

Pipa: Liuqin:

Sanxian: Ruan:

Dulcimer: Zheng:

Percussion instrument

Among Chinese musical instruments, percussion instruments have the longest history and are estimated to play an important role. Traditionally, they are divided into five categories: drums, gongs, cymbals, boards and bells. If divided according to the manufacturing materials, they can be divided into three types: metal, bamboo and leather. Their performance skills and expressiveness are extremely rich, and their sound is unique, which not only makes the rhythm of the music clear and strong, but also has a profound appeal, and it has a strong national color. Among folk music, Shifan gongs and drums, Chaozhou gongs and drums, southern Jiangsu percussion, Hebei percussion songs and Liaoning percussion instruments are all famous for their percussion instruments. Since the types are rarely used in modern Chinese orchestras, the following is a brief introduction to the four commonly used types of percussion instruments.

Big drum: Snare drum:

Banggu: Paigu gong:

Bass gong: Small gong:

Cloud gong: Cymbal:

Clave: Wooden fish: