July 1, 1952 What railway was completed and opened to traffic?

"When I boarded the Fuxing train, my tears came out."

This is Li Zhigang. When Chengdu-Chongqing High-speed Railway was opened in 20 15, he was one of the first EMU drivers with a speed of 300 kilometers per hour. The tearful "he" is his father Li Guofang.

This is a family with three generations of drivers from chengdu-chongqing railway. A winding railway track has made the dream of three generations come true.

1 952 July1day, the first railway trunk line in new China was opened in chengdu-chongqing railway.

Chengdu-chongqing railway has opened a brand-new era: the change of transportation mode has continuously narrowed the time and space distance between the two places, strengthened the ties of economic and personnel exchanges between the two places, and become a "dual-core" engine for economic and social development in the western region.

Three generations of Li Zhigang family are participants and witnesses.

In the future, China's 6.5438+0.85 million square kilometers of land with Chengdu-Chongqing as the core and 96 million people will play a more important role in the economic map.

▲ Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed rail

Historic breakthrough

From one week to 13 hour.

The idea of building a railway in Chengdu-Chongqing area can be traced back at least a century ago. 1903, Sichuan Governor Liang delivered a speech to the Qing court, proposing to set up the Chuanhan Railway Company in Chengdu and build a railway from Hankou to Chengdu via Chongqing.

"Sichuan Tianfu Aoqu is rich in products, but it is difficult to operate and the goods cannot be unblocked."

As Xiliang said, Sichuan Basin has vast land, warm climate and rich products, but it is difficult to enter the national market due to inconvenient transportation. At that time, goods from Chengdu had to be transported by water to be sold outside Sichuan. There are obstacles everywhere along the way, and they have to cross rugged canyons and rough beaches.

However, due to the turbulent situation, the schedule of building chengdu-chongqing railway has been postponed again and again. Half a century has passed, and not a sleeper or an inch of rail has been laid in Chengdu-Chongqing area.

When New China was founded, the backward infrastructure was not only the dilemma of Chengdu-Chongqing area, but also the dilemma of the whole western region. At that time, railways were concentrated in the northeast and eastern coastal areas, while there were few inland railways with a vast territory. Especially in the northwest and southwest, this problem is more prominent.

Against the background of poor traffic in southwest China and the urgent need for economic development, 1950 spring, People's Republic of China (PRC) was just established, and the Central Committee and the State Council of the Central People's Government readily approved the request report on the construction of chengdu-chongqing railway, and approved "allocating 200 million Jin of rice to build roads first" under extremely difficult economic conditions.

Although there is no large-scale mechanized equipment and the transportation capacity of road materials is extremely scarce, 65,438,000 soldiers and civilians fought for two years and finally built a 505-kilometer-long chengdu-chongqing railway. This railway starts from Chengdu in the west, passes through Jianyang, Ziyang, Zizhong, Neijiang, Longchang, Rongchang, Dazu, Yongchuan, Jiangjin and Tongguan stations, and ends in Chongqing in the east.

1 952 On July1day, chengdu-chongqing railway was officially opened to traffic, becoming the first railway trunk line opened after the founding of New China. On this day, the travel time from Chengdu to Chongqing was shortened from one week to 13 hours.

▲ 1 July 9521,data map of the opening of chengdu-chongqing railway, the first railway built after the founding of New China.

After the completion of chengdu-chongqing railway, the freight dropped sharply and the logistics became smoother. Rice and tea in Chengdu Plain, sugar in Neijiang, salt in Zigong, summer hemp in Rongchang, coal in Yongchuan, steel in Chongqing, and thousands of southwest products are shipped to East China, North China and the Central Plains.

According to statistics, after the opening of chengdu-chongqing railway, the sales prices of nearly 32,000 kinds of industrial products in Sichuan decreased, and the purchase prices of agricultural and sideline products generally increased.

The subsequent railway lines in chengdu-chongqing railway have also changed the urban layout of Chengdu-Chongqing area. In the past, towns in Sichuan were built along rivers, concentrated along Jinsha River, Minjiang River, Tuojiang River, Fujiang River and Jialing River. The opening of the railway has driven a number of new industrial and commercial cities, such as Ziyang, Neijiang and Jiangjin on Chengdu-Chongqing line, Meishan, Xichang and Panzhihua on Chengdu-Kunming line, Mianyang, Deyang and Guangyuan on Baocheng line.

▲ In the 1980s, the passenger transport staff of Jianyang Station on Chengdu-Chongqing Line poured water data for the passengers on board.

Channel encryption

From Railway to "the Fourth Pole of Traffic"

In the past 70 years, rail transit in Chengdu-Chongqing area has developed rapidly. Steam locomotives were replaced by diesel locomotives and multiple units, and the travel time between the two places was shortened from 13 hours to 1 hour.

Chen, the on-board mechanic of Chengdu-Chongqing EMU, was deeply touched by the convenience brought by train speed increase.

"I used to go home in a green leather car for more than two hours, and I could only go back once a week. The traffic is very convenient now. Sometimes it only takes more than an hour from riding to going home. You can go home to see your wife and children every time you get off work. " Jesuli Chen said.

At present, the number of railways connecting Chengdu and Chongqing has increased to four, three of which are operated by multiple units, with a maximum speed of 350 kilometers per hour, which is more than 10 times that of chengdu-chongqing railway in the early days.

According to the data of China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group Company, there are nearly 100 trains running between Chengdu and Chongqing every day, with an average daily passenger volume of nearly 90,000 passengers. Even if there are many trains on holidays, the average load factor is close to 100%.

In the future, railways will continue to play an important role in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle. According to the "Multi-level Rail Transit Planning for Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, by 2025, the total scale of rail transit in Chengdu-Chongqing Twin Cities Economic Circle will reach 654.38+0,000 kilometers, of which the railway network will reach over 9,000 kilometers, covering all cities with a population of more than 200,000, forming a 654.38+0-hour commuting circle in Chongqing and Chengdu metropolitan areas.

At the same time, starting from a railway, Chengdu-Chongqing Shuangcheng Economic Circle has built a multi-directional external communication channel with trunk railway, expressway and Yangtze River golden waterway as the main body, and a multi-level rail transit network skeleton has gradually taken shape.

In terms of highways, by the end of 20021,the mileage of expressways in Sichuan Province had reached 8,608 km, and the total mileage of expressways in Chongqing exceeded 384 1 km. At present, there are 20 provincial expressways in Sichuan and Chongqing. According to the comprehensive transportation development plan of Chengdu-Chongqing Shuangcheng Economic Circle, in 2025, the expressway mileage of Shuangcheng Economic Circle will reach more than 6.5438+0.5 million kilometers.

In terms of waterways, Chongqing Xinsheng Port, the first 10,000-ton wharf in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, opened for operation, the second phase of Fujiang Shuangjiang Navigation and Power Hub and Xintian Port in Wanzhou started construction, and the Lize Shipping Hub in Jialing River was accelerated.

In the air, a number of world-class airports in Sichuan and Chongqing are taking shape. In 20021year, the passenger throughput of Chengdu Shuangliu Airport exceeded 40 million passengers, and that of Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport exceeded 35 million passengers, making it one of the busiest airports in China and even in the world. In addition, Chengdu Tianfu International Airport was completed and put into operation, Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport was rebuilt and expanded in an orderly manner, and Wanzhou Airport and Qianjiang Airport were accelerated.

With the promotion of Chengdu-Chongqing Twin-City Economic Circle in the national strategy, Chengdu-Chongqing is listed as the fourth largest transportation pole in China along with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the National Comprehensive Three-dimensional Transportation Network Planning Outline issued on 202 1.