In the figure below, the five countries V, I, S, T, and A are called the "Five Prospecting Countries". They are Vietnam, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey, and Argentina respectively.

(1) Southwest (2 points)

(2) Mediterranean climate (2 points) S (1 point) T (1 point) Favorable: There are many sunny days in summer, sufficient light, and abundant heat (2 points); the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients (2 points); disadvantages: rain and heat are not in the same period, there is little rain in summer, and irrigation water sources are insufficient (2 points).

(3) Volcanoes, earthquakes, mudslides, landslides (1 point for each blank) Volcanoes or earthquakes: Located at the junction of the Eurasian plate, the Pacific plate and the Indian Ocean, the crustal movement is active, earthquakes, volcanoes Frequent disasters (2 points); Debris flows or landslides: The surface rocks are broken, and heavy rains can easily cause landslides, debris flows and other disasters (2 points).

(4) Tropical rainforest (2 points) Monsoon paddy field agriculture or rice cultivation (2 points) Subtropical monsoon (2 points)

(5) The cause of the desert landscape in S country is geological It is located near the Tropic of Cancer, controlled by the subtropical high all year round, with little precipitation (2 points); the desert landscape of country A is formed due to the influence of the Andes Mountains, and is located on the leeward slope of the westerly wind (2 points).

Test question analysis:

(1) V, I, S, T, and A in the picture represent Vietnam, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey and Argentina respectively. According to the geographical location of the five countries, South Africa is southwest of Turkey.

(2) In the four months in Figure A, the temperature in April is above 0℃. When the precipitation is large, the temperature is low (winter); when the precipitation is low, the temperature is high (summer). In summary It is judged to have a Mediterranean climate and is distributed at 30°N-40°N on the west coast of the continent. Among the five countries, only South Africa (S) and Turkey (T) are in this location. Analyzing the impact of climate on agricultural development mainly analyzes temperature and precipitation. The Mediterranean climate has high temperatures and little rain in summer and mild and rainy winters. Therefore, it is advantageous: it is located in the subtropical zone, with sufficient heat; it has sufficient sunlight and a large temperature difference between day and night, which is conducive to the accumulation of organic matter; disadvantages: precipitation in summer. Less, affecting crop growth.

(3) Country I, Turkey, is located at the junction of the Eurasian continent, Africa and the Indian Ocean plate. It has frequent geological activities, complex topography and geological conditions, and frequent volcanoes and earthquakes; when precipitation is heavy in winter, Due to frequent crustal activities, rock masses are destroyed, resulting in secondary geological disasters - debris flows and landslides.

(4) Country I is Indonesia, which is near the equator. It is controlled by the equatorial low-pressure zone and has a tropical rain forest climate - tropical rain forest belt; country V is Vietnam, located in Southeast Asia. The typical agricultural region type is monsoon. Paddy field agriculture is mainly distributed in places with abundant precipitation and sufficient heat to meet the growth habits of rice. Therefore, it is distributed in my country's subtropical monsoon climate zone (rain and heat are in the same period).

(5) S and A represent South Africa and Argentina respectively. The large desert landscape is mainly controlled by wind belts and pressure zones or affected by atmospheric circulation. Analyzing the diagram and combining the knowledge learned, South Africa is located near 30°S, affected by the subtropical high pressure belt, prevailing downdrafts, dry and less rainy, and coupled with the influence of the cold current on the west coast, resulting in desertification; while in South America, there are tall Andes Mountains on the west coast , blocking the eastward flow of warm and humid air from the Pacific Ocean, making the interior of Argentina dry.