Mathematical celebrities

China was a mathematician, astronomer and physicist in the Southern Dynasties. Fan was born in (now Laishui, Hebei Province).

Zu Chongzhi (429-500) had a grandfather named Zuchang, who was an official in charge of royal architecture in Song Dynasty. Zu Chongzhi grew up in such a family and learned a lot from childhood. People all praise him as a knowledgeable young man. He especially likes studying mathematics, and he also likes studying astronomical calendars. He often observes the movements of the sun and planets and makes detailed records.

When Emperor Xiaowu of Song heard of his fame, he sent him to work in a government office specializing in academic research in Hualin Province. He is not interested in being an official, but he can concentrate more on mathematics and astronomy there.

There have been officials who studied astronomy in all previous dynasties in our country. They made calendars according to the results of astronomical research. By the Song Dynasty, the calendar had made great progress, but Zu Chongzhi thought it was not accurate enough. Based on his long-term observation, he created a new calendar called "Daming Calendar" ("Daming" is the title of Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty). The number of days in each tropical year measured by this calendar (that is, the time between winter and sun in two years) is only 50 seconds different from that measured by modern science; It takes less than one second to measure the number of days for the moon to make one revolution, which shows its accuracy.

In 462 AD, Zu Chongzhi requested Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty to issue a new calendar, and Emperor Xiaowu called ministers to discuss it. At that time, Dai Faxing, one of the emperor's minions, stood out against it and thought that it was deviant for Zu Chongzhi to change the ancient calendar without authorization. Zu Chongzhi refuted Defarge on the spot with his own research data. Relying on the emperor's favor, Dai Faxing said arrogantly: "The calendar was formulated by the ancients and cannot be changed by future generations." Zu Chongzhi is not afraid at all. He said very seriously, "If you have a solid basis, argue it out. Don't scare people with empty talk. " Emperor Xiaowu of Song wanted to help Dai Faxing, and found some people who knew the calendar to argue with Zu Chongzhi, but Zu Chongzhi refuted them one by one. However, Emperor Xiaowu of Song still refused to issue a new calendar. It was not until ten years after Zu Chongzhi's death that his Da Ming Li was put into practice.

Although the society was very turbulent at that time, Zu Chongzhi studied science tirelessly. His greater achievement is in mathematics. He once annotated the ancient mathematics book Nine Chapters Arithmetic and wrote a book Composition. His most outstanding contribution is to get quite accurate pi. After a long and arduous study, he calculated pi between 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 15927, becoming the first scientist in the world to calculate pi to more than seven digits.

Zu Chongzhi is a generalist in scientific inventions. He built a kind of compass, and the copper man in the car always pointed south. He also built a "Thousand-Li Ship" and tried it in Xinting River (now southwest of Nanjing). It can sail 100 Li a day. He also used hydraulic power to rotate the stone mill, pounding rice and grinding millet, which was called "water hammer mill".

In Zu Chongzhi's later years, Xiao Daocheng, who mastered the Song Guards, wiped out the Song Dynasty.

Yang Hui was an outstanding mathematician and mathematical educator in the Southern Song Dynasty. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/3rd century, he was active in Suzhou and Hangzhou with many works.

His famous math books have five kinds and 21 volumes. He has written twelve volumes (126 1 year), two volumes (1262), three volumes (1274) and two volumes (field ratio multiplication and division algorithm).

The focus of Yang Hui's mathematical research and education work is computing technology. He summed up and developed agile algorithms for calculating multiplication and division, and some even made up songs, such as Nine Centralized Decisions. In his Algorithm for Extracting Odds from Ancient Times, he introduced various forms of "vertical and horizontal graphs" and related construction methods. "Overlap" was Yang Hui's research on higher-order arithmetic progression after Shen Kuo's "Gap Product". In Classification, Yang Hui reclassified 246 problems in Nine Chapters of Arithmetic into nine categories according to the order of solving problems from shallow to deep, such as multiplication and division, division rate, coincidence rate, exchange, quadratic decline, overlapping product, surplus and deficiency, equation, Pythagorean and so on.

He attaches great importance to the popularization and development of mathematics education. Under the background of algorithm reform, Yang Hui's Learning Plan for Beginners is an important document in the history of Chinese mathematics education.

Liu Hui (born around 250 AD) is a very great mathematician in the history of Chinese mathematics, and also occupies a prominent position in the history of world mathematics. His representative works "Nine Arithmetic Notes" and "Arithmetic on the Island" are China's most precious mathematical heritage.

Nine Chapters of Arithmetic was written in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. * * * There are solutions to 246 problems. In solving simultaneous equations, calculating four fractions, calculating positive and negative numbers, calculating the volume and area of geometric figures and many other aspects, it is among the advanced in the world. However, due to the primitive solution and the lack of necessary proof, Liu Hui made supplementary proof for it. These proofs show his creative contributions in many aspects. The solution of linear equations is improved. In geometry, the secant method is put forward, that is, the method of finding the area and perimeter of a circle by using inscribed or circumscribed regular polygons. He scientifically obtained the result that pi = 3. 14 by using secant technology. Liu Hui put forward in the secant technique that "if you cut it carefully, the loss is not great, and then you can't cut it."

In the book Island Calculation, Liu Hui carefully selected nine surveying problems, which were creative, complex and representative and attracted the attention of the West at that time.

Liu Hui has quick thinking and flexible methods, and advocates both reasoning and intuition. He is the first person who China explicitly advocated to demonstrate mathematical propositions by logical reasoning.

Liu Hui's life is a life of hard work for mathematics. Although the status is low, but the personality is noble. He is not a mediocre man who seeks fame and fame, but a great man who never tires of learning. He left a precious wealth to our Chinese nation.

In the wild land of modern mathematics in China, a pioneer insisted that "a soldier is lucky to die on the battlefield". He is Hua. Hua is the founder of China's research on analytic number theory, typicality theory, matrix geometry, automorphic function theory and complex variable function theory, and he is also the most outstanding representative of China's entry into the world-famous mathematics ranks. His research achievements are named Fahrenheit Theorem, Brouwer-Gadang-Hua Theorem, Hua-Wang Method, Fahrenheit Operator, Fahrenheit Inequality and so on. He left us more than 200 academic papers and 65,438+00 monographs in his life, 8 of which were translated and published abroad, and some of them have been included in the classics of this century. He creatively applied mathematical methods to the field of national economy, and screened out the "optimization method" with the content of improving mathematical methods for technical problems and the "overall planning method" with the content of dealing with production, organization and management problems. He is the first China scholar to be elected as a foreign academician in the history of American Academy of Sciences. He was also elected as an academician of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in the Federal Republic of Germany; He was awarded an honorary doctorate by Nancy University in France, the University of Illinois in the United States and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. His name entered the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, USA, and was listed as one of the 88 great mathematicians in the Chicago Museum of Science and Technology.

Tears welled up in his eyes when the news of the founding of New China reached the United States. To rebuild my home. He did not hesitate to give up his tenured professorship at the University of Illinois, leaving behind a generous salary, a car and a house. Enthusiastic, he and his family boarded a ship and returned to the embrace of the motherland in the spring of 1950. After returning home, he filled in the column of educational level in the household registration book: "Graduated from junior high school". This is an unforgettable sentence for China, but it is a puzzling thing for others. What the hell is going on here? Let's look at his road to success.

19101012. Hua was born in a poor family in Jintan County, Jiangsu Province. Father opened a small grocery store and barely made ends meet. Hua/Kloc-graduated from junior high school in Jintan County at the age of 0/5, and then went to Shanghai China Vocational School. Because my family is poor, I can't afford the meal. They only studied 1 year and then left school.

Hua has been smart and studious since childhood. In junior high school, he showed a special talent in math class. One day, Mr. Wang Weike gave the class a math problem, which was a topic in Sun Tzu's Art of War: "There are unknowns at present, three counts leave two, five counts leave three, and seven counts leave two." What is the geometry of things? " When Mr. Wang was reading this question, he read slowly and his voice was cadenced. After reading the topic, Mr. Wang swept his eyes to the whole class, and his eyes were full of nervous and confused faces. Suddenly, a student stood up and said, "There are 23 items." This is a familiar voice that awakens students from thinking and doubts. Everyone looked at him with amazing eyes. The first student to tell the answer is young Hua. When solving this problem, Hua thinks like this: starting from "the number of seven plus seven gets two", that is, seven gets two, then the multiple of seven plus two is this number, so it is not necessary to assume that this number is 7 × 3+2 = 23. Divide 23:23 by 3, leaving 2; 23 is divided by 5, so 23 meets the requirements of the topic. It is precisely because Hua was diligent and eager to learn since he was a child that Teacher Wang Weike paid more attention to his intelligence. Mr. Wang was deeply impressed by Hua when he was at school.

At the age of 0/8, Mr. Wang Weike became the principal of Jintan County Middle School. President Wang cherishes talents and invites Hua to be an accountant and do daily work at school. Since then, Hua has become busier. Recalling the experience during this period, he said, "In addition to the heavy affairs at school, I have to help my mother manage the affairs of the small shop sooner or later. I can't go home until around 8 o'clock every night. After cleaning up the account of the small shop, you can go to learn math, often late at night. " In other words, even after busy business, Hua never forgot to study mathematics, so his mathematics level is constantly improving.

When Hua 19 years old, by chance, he borrowed a magazine named "Learning Arts" and published the article "The Solution of Algebraic quintic Equation" written by Professor Su Jiaju in the seventh volume of this magazine, which aroused China's strong interest. After reading and thinking, Hua found that there were fundamental mistakes in the article. So he asked President Wang, "Can you write an article criticizing the mistakes in Professor Su's article?" Hua's question was positively answered by President Wang: "Of course, saints are also wrong, so what can't be criticized!" Dean Wang is the translator of Italian poet Dante's masterpiece Divine Comedy. His words gave China great encouragement. Therefore, Hua wrote an article with strict logic and sufficient argumentation, which was reviewed and revised by Dean Wang and sent to Shanghai Science magazine. The article was published in 1930. As soon as the article was published, it attracted the attention of many people at that time. At that time, Professor Xiong Qinglai, head of the Department of Mathematics at Tsinghua University, saw this article. Moreover, I was even more shocked to learn that the author of this article was a junior high school boy in Jintan County with only a junior high school diploma. Seeing Hua's talent, he immediately wrote to Jintan Middle School and invited Hua to work in Tsinghua University. After receiving the letter, Hua thought twice: on the one hand, he remembered that before this, President Wang had asked him to teach a cram school in Jintan county junior high school, and because someone complained that President Wang had appointed an unqualified teacher (how could a junior high school graduate be qualified to teach junior high school), President Wang had to resign as president, and he no longer taught; On the other hand, because of his poor family, he even had difficulty traveling to Beijing, so he wrote back and politely declined Professor Xiong's invitation. After Professor Xiong received Hua's reply, the thirsty Bole wrote to urge him. The letter said: If you don't come, I will visit you in Jintan myself. Hua once again received a letter from Professor Xiong, from which he learned the sincerity and sincerity of his invitation. He felt that he had really failed Professor Xiong's kindness, so he had to borrow money from his father and was invited to Tsinghua. In Tsinghua University, Hua became a teaching assistant. The main responsibilities are to manage books in the Department of Mathematics, send and receive official documents, collect stationery and draw charts. So that he can use his spare time to read books and listen to lectures. Under the arrangement and guidance of Professor Xiong, Hua made rapid progress in his studies, studied hard and often taught himself late into the night. It took him only one and a half years to complete the college course and four months to teach himself English, which can reach the level of reading English mathematics literature. In addition, he also taught himself German, especially after listening to the postgraduate courses, his mathematics literacy has been greatly improved and he has made new achievements. His three papers were published in foreign mathematical magazines, and Tsinghua University's teachers had to sit up and take notice of him. Soon, at a meeting of professors in Tsinghua University, it was decided to let him go to Tsinghua as a teacher with only junior high school education. It can be seen that Hua's success is mainly due to his own efforts. When talking with middle school students about learning mathematics, Hua said, "I am not afraid of difficulties, and studying hard is my main experience in learning mathematics well." He also said: "I don't despise easy questions. If I practice easy today, I will easily encounter difficulties tomorrow. I am not afraid of difficult problems, and I am always ready to solve them when necessary. I believe that as long as we work hard, there will be no insurmountable difficulties and no impregnable fortress. " This is how Hua studied hard before he became a university teacher from a young man with only junior high school education. 1936, Professor Xiong Qinglai recommended Hua to study at Cambridge University in England. 1938, Hua returned to the disaster-stricken motherland under the Japanese army's iron hoof, and was recommended by Professor Xiong Qinglai as Professor The National SouthWest Associated University at the age of 28. During his stay in The National SouthWest Associated University, Hua lived a very hard life. Their family lives in two small rooms in a small village on the outskirts of Kunming. There are pigsty and cowshed under the room, and the sanitary environment can be imagined. When recalling this life, Hua said, "A wait is like a bean overnight. The so-called lamp is just a broken cigarette can. Put an oil lamp and pick some broken cotton as a wick. To save vegetable oil, twist the core slightly. At night, the cow itches and shakes, and the dangerous building will fall down! " Although Hua lived in such a box building and lived a hard life, he worked hard and made continuous efforts. It took him three years to write a mathematical manuscript called "The Theory of Prime Numbers in Stacking". After writing "The Theory of Prime Numbers in Piles", Hua naturally intends to publish a book. So he translated the Chinese manuscript into English and sent it to the then "Academia Sinica". However, Academia Sinica not only failed to publish it, but also lost the manuscript. This is a great blow to China. Three years' efforts were in vain. Why not make him feel bad? Later, Hua sent an English version of The Theory of Iterated Prime Numbers to the then Soviet academician Victor Fu, and the English version was finally translated into Russian by the Soviet Union and published. After the publication of this book, it caused a shock in mathematics. After the founding of New China, The Theory of Overlapping Primes (Russian version) was translated into Chinese and published in China. For example, the theory of prime numbers on overlapping bases was first published in other countries and then in China, which is also a rare phenomenon in the world publishing history.

Hua went to school for nine years with only a junior high school diploma, but he became an outstanding mathematician with a good reputation at home and abroad. Hua's life is a life of hard struggle and a model of self-study. His motto "genius lies in accumulation, cleverness lies in diligence" reveals the secret of this success. His motto, "Old trees are easy to empty, old people are easy to loose, the way of science, keeping empty and keeping loose" is worth remembering by future generations. The last wish of the giant who initiated modern mathematics research in China was "I really hope that the corpse can be useful to the revolution. Once the wall can be used as a ladder, crossing the ditch can be used as a bridge. "

Chen Jingrun (1933.5~ 1996.3) is a modern mathematician in China. 1933 was born in Fuzhou, Fujian on May 22nd. 1953 graduated from the Mathematics Department of Xiamen University. Because of his improvement in problems, Hua attached great importance to it. He was transferred to the Institute of Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences, first as an intern researcher and assistant researcher, and then promoted to a researcher by leaps and bounds, and was elected as a member of the Department of Mathematical Physics of China Academy of Sciences.

Chen Jingrun is one of the world famous analytic number theorists. In the 1950s, he made important improvements on the existing results of Gauss circle lattice point problem, sphere lattice point problem, Tali problem and Waring problem. After 1960s, he made extensive and in-depth research on screening methods and related important issues.

1966, Chen Jingrun, who lives in a 6-square-meter hut, borrowed a dim kerosene lamp, leaned against the bed board and used a pen to consume several sacks of draft paper. He actually conquered (1+2) in the world-famous mathematical puzzle "Goldbach conjecture", creating a distance from taking off the crown jewel of number theory (1+66). He proved that "every big even number is the sum of the products of a prime number and no more than two prime numbers", which made him a world leader in Goldbach's conjecture research. This result is called "Chen Theorem" internationally and is widely quoted. This work also enabled him, Wang Yuan and Pan Chengdong to win the first prize of China Natural Science Award with 1978 * *. His achievements in studying Goldbach conjecture and other number theory problems are still far ahead in the world. A world-class master of mathematics and American scholar A Will (A? Weil) once praised him like this: "Every job in Chen Jingrun is like walking on the top of the Himalayas." 1978 and 1982, Chen Jingrun gave a 45-minute lecture at the invitation of the International Congress of Mathematicians. This is the pride and pride of China people. His achievements and honors have set up an immortal banner for thousands of intellectuals in Qian Qian, Qian Qian, reflecting the three mountains and five mountains and calling on hundreds of millions of young people to forge ahead. Chen Jingrun has published more than 70 academic papers.

Deng Xiaoping: It's great that there are 1000 Chen Jingrun in China.

This used to be a miracle that shocked the whole world: Chen Jingrun, who lived in a six-square-meter hut, borrowed a dim kerosene lamp, leaned against the bed board and used a pen to consume several sacks of draft paper. He actually conquered (1+2) in the world-famous mathematical puzzle "Goldbach conjecture", created distance and took off the crown jewel of number theory (1+655).

He initiated a new era in the study of number theory. His thin figure embodies the attention and admiration of almost all mathematicians in the world. The conceited Japanese regard China, who has a history of 5,000 years of civilization, as two mathematical wizards, Zu Chongzhi and Chen Jingrun. They sincerely prostrated themselves before these two China heroes.

1975, during the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, Comrade Deng Xiaoping once presided over the daily work of the Central Committee. He pushed his way through the crowd to save the day and rebuild the mountains and rivers. In the days of "cold snap", the great man's sharp and deep eyes never forgot to cast a affectionate glance at Chen Jingrun in adversity. In the face of the nonsense of viciously attacking Chen Jingrun and other scientists to "take the road of white expertise", Deng Xiaoping took the case and reprimanded: "What road of white expertise is better than taking a toilet!" When he learned about the legendary experience and outstanding achievements of Chen Jingrun's tenacious struggle, he said with infinite emotion, "It's great to have a thousand scientists like Chen Jingrun in China.".

Chen Jingrun is the first generation mathematician trained in New China, a model of the times and a monument of the century. Although this mathematical superstar has been dead for more than a year, his research results on Goldbach conjecture and other number theory problems are still far ahead in the world. A world-class master of mathematics and American scholar A Will (A? Weil) once praised him like this: "Every job in Chen Jingrun is like walking on the top of the Himalayas." 1978 and 1982, Chen Jingrun gave a 45-minute lecture at the invitation of the International Congress of Mathematicians. This is the pride and pride of China people. His achievements and honors have set up an immortal banner for thousands of intellectuals in Qian Qian, Qian Qian, reflecting the three mountains and five mountains and calling on hundreds of millions of young people to forge ahead. A person is a world, and a person is a page of history. Chen Jingrun is an outstanding genius. However, following his footsteps, we can clearly hear the footsteps of the times, truly appreciate the coolness and heat of years and storms, and sensitively taste the hardships and glories of life struggle. If life is a textbook, then Chen Jingrun's life is a long book and a masterpiece that can be carefully studied, chewed and sucked by generations.

su buqing

An old mathematician from a poor background

Su (/kloc-0 1902.9.23— ——), honorary president of Fudan University, honorary chairman of chinese mathematical society and academician of China Academy of Sciences, is a respected old mathematician. In addition to serving as the chairman of the NLD Central Senate Committee, he is also the vice chairman of the 7th and 8th China People's Political Consultative Conference in China.

He was born in a peasant family in Daixi Township, Tengjiao District, Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province. His parents gave birth to 13 children, and he is the second son. When I was a child, I had to mow the grass, feed pigs and herd cattle at home. Because of my poor family, I couldn't go to school when I was six years old. He drives cattle through the private school every day, sneaks to the window to peek and eavesdrop on the teacher's lectures. Later, his father saw that he loved studying so much. When he was 9 years old, his family ate miscellaneous grains, saved up rice, borrowed a few dollars, picked a cart of rice, and sent him to the only primary school in Pingyang County, which was away from home 100.

After he knew some words, he looked for books to read, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Outlaws of the Marsh, and even Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Fox said that the ghost boy couldn't understand them, and he read them ten or twenty times.

Cheer up and study hard to become stronger.

There is a strange phenomenon in the language of Pingyang county: people in rural areas of Jiangsu speak Minnan dialect. Two or three hundred years ago, a group of people in Nan 'an, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, southern Fujian, immigrated to that area in order to avoid the Japanese chaos. Therefore, some people in the border area between southern Zhejiang and northern Fujian speak Minnan dialect, while people in the county town speak Wenzhou dialect with a loud voice and strange pronunciation. The gap between the two languages is like Italian and Russian. At first, Sue came to the county town from a poor ravine, just like Grandma Liu felt strange when she entered the Grand View Garden. She played all day and didn't want to study at all. Coupled with the language barrier, she was the last of the 32 students in the class in the final exam.

In the second year, a central primary school was established in Shuitou Town, which is more than a mile away from his hometown 10. His father transferred him to class there. The teacher speaks Minnan dialect, and Sue can understand it in class. However, due to his poor family, he was looked down upon by the teacher. On one occasion, Su wrote a composition, and carefully wrote an article with great culture and sentiment, but the teacher said it was plagiarism. Later, he asked the teacher that he was still unfairly awarded a "poor" score, which damaged Sue's self-esteem. Later, he didn't attend class and enjoyed himself. Of course, he came last in the exam this school year. In the third year, a new teacher named Chen Yufeng came. When you find his problems, you should persuade him never to be poor, study hard and make continuous progress. Otherwise, he wasted the hard-earned money of the farmer's father and failed to live up to his parents' expectations of reading and literacy. How will he change the fate of poverty in the future?

Sue saw Mr. Chen's love and encouragement and decided to restrain her playful heart. He decided to cheer up and try his best not to disappoint Mr. Chen. Besides reading textbooks, he also read some classical novels and began to read the History of Eastern Zhou Dynasty. There are some things he can't understand. He walked dozens of miles and borrowed the Kangxi dictionary. On holidays, he goes home to herd cattle. The cow recited 1000 Poems and 300 Tang Poems on her back. He has a very good memory. Soon, he can recite the poems of Du Fu and Li Bai like running water. At the end of this school year, he got the first place in the exam. I will be the first in every exam in the future. /kloc-in the spring of 0/3, I graduated from primary school, and I was admitted to middle school for half a year in the summer vacation, so I got familiar with Zuo Zhuan from beginning to end. 19 14 was admitted to Wenzhou Zhejiang No.10 Middle School with excellent results. At first, after reading Zi Tongzhi Jian, he decided to become a historian. However, Yang, a new teacher who came back from studying in Japan, was hired in junior high school. He felt that ancient history and literature could not save weak China, and only science could save China, so this thought influenced Su.

"Sue, I think you are good at history and literature, but I think you will have a future in math. In the future, you should study more mathematics and read less books on history and poetry. " Teacher Yang lent him science magazines to encourage him to study science. So Sue's interest in reading gradually shifted from literature to science, especially mathematics. In order to prove a famous theorem of Euclid geometry: "The sum of the internal angles of any triangle is equal to 180", he found twenty different ways to prove it, and later wrote a paper and sent it to a student exhibition in Zhejiang Province.

Hong Yanyuan, the principal of this middle school, graduated from Tokyo Normal University and was one of the first two people in China to study mathematics in Japan. He also teaches plane geometry. He noticed Mr. Yang when he heard him talking about Su, a student of 15 years old. When his classmates are studying, he often comes to see Sue's exercise book. Every time he looks at a topic, he smiles and sometimes nods frequently. Principal Hong teaches geometry very well and appreciates Su's solution. One day, President Hong called him to the office and asked about his study and family. He thought that this boy could be taught and might be the pillar of the future country, so he said to him, "I want to transfer from school and work in the Ministry of Education. You can go to Japan to study after graduation, and I will definitely help you. "

Teenagers go to Japan.

Sue is very grateful to President Hong for his encouragement and esteem, which made him study harder and delve into mathematics. At that time, China implemented a four-year middle school system, and Sue graduated with the first place.

/kloc-when he graduated from middle school at the age of 0/7, he remembered the instructions of President Hong and wrote to Hong Yanyuan, who worked in the Ministry of Education, saying that he wanted to study abroad, but he had no money and wanted to ask him for funding. Soon, Hong Yanyuan sent him 200 silver dollars to encourage him to win glory for his country. Sue took a large sum of glistening money and shed tears with excitement. President Hong's money is "timely rain" and a turning point that changed his life.

One autumn in July, Sue sailed from Shanghai to Japan on a Japanese ocean liner. Chairman Hong sent a few parting words: "Everyone has the responsibility to study hard for the prosperity of China." Later, he recalled the past and wrote the poem "Night Return on the Bund": "The light rain on the ferry sprinkled flat sand, and the sycamore tree was thousands of miles away. I still remember that at that time, that young man was dreaming of glory. "

He said that in 19 19, China was a semi-feudal and semi-colony arbitrarily slaughtered and carved up by foreign powers. Great powers such as Britain, the United States, France, Japan, Italy and Germany all rent land in China. In Shanghai's Bund Park, there is a sign that "Chinese and dogs are not allowed", and warships from Britain, the United States and Japan are moored on the Huangpu River. Every time he goes to Japan, he goes in and out from Huangpu River. Every winter, he sees people freezing to death on Nanjing Road. Sitting on a Japanese ship, he thought, "We can't build a ship ourselves. One day we can build one ourselves!" "

After arriving in Japan, he first went to the East Asian Japanese cram school in Tokyo for a month, and then was introduced by an acquaintance to live in a Japanese family. When he studied Japanese with his landlord and aunt, he not only went to the vegetable market with her in the morning to buy food and practice Japanese conversation, but also listened to her reading newspapers and telling stories at night, previewing his lessons and preparing for the Tokyo Higher Technical School. Soon he mastered the elementary Japanese ability.

Struggle for China people in foreign countries.

1920 In February, the entrance examination was held in tokyo institute of technology. Candidates had to complete 24 questions in 3 hours. It only took Sue 1 hour to solve all this. Then there is the oral test, to see the students' ability to answer questions orally, and he can handle it well. Results He was admitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering in tokyo institute of technology with the first place. At that time, many people in China had to spend one and a half to two and a half years studying Japanese to make up some entrance examination subjects, but Su set a new record of preparing for the exam in three months. He won three scholarships because of his excellent grades.

After graduating from a famous university, he decided to apply for the Mathematics Department of Northeast Imperial University. The department enrolls 9 students, but as many as 90 students apply. As a result, he was the only international student admitted to China, and scored 100 in calculus and analytic geometry, ranking first among the candidates. He first entered Northeastern University, and once the teacher asked them to spend an afternoon doing the topic. The teacher dropped the topic and left. At first, he felt great. He sat alone in the front row where no one dared to sit. Two hours later, the teacher came back, looked at his homework first and shook his head: "What? This is not mathematics at all. " At this time, he suddenly realized that the mathematics he studied in the engineering university was not rigorous and did not conform to the spirit of modern mathematics.

He stays in the library most of the time except after class. When I was in the third grade, my life was lost because of the civil war between Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Lin, director of the Department of Mathematics, gives Sue 40 yuan from her salary every month and jokingly says, "Pay me back when you make a fortune." Later, he was asked to manage books and proofread Northeast Mathematics Magazine. Sue also sells newspapers and delivers milk. 193 1 was awarded the Doctor of Science in Japan.

Lin also introduced him to the home of a medical professor to help his son with math. Finally, he gave up a course for Professor Su, which was an absurd move among some professors who discriminated against China people at that time. The professors were opposed when they deliberated, but because of Lin's insistence, they finally passed. At that time, Japanese newspapers published this story and sighed: "Non-imperial subjects became lecturers at Imperial University."

In the third year of college, he wrote his first algebra paper in English under the guidance of Matsuzaburo, an academician of the Japanese Academy of Sciences. This paper was published in the Japanese Bachelor's College Chronicle, which won the honor for China people.

Then I went to the graduate school of the university for further study. His tutor is Tadashi Kubota, who studied in Germany. This professor is a famous differential geometer in Japan. In the four years under his guidance, he published more than 30 papers in succession. Results 193 1, obtained the doctor of science degree in Japan.

How did his teacher train him? The teacher is very strict with him, asking him to report on his study every week, what problems he has and what he thinks. This enables him to think independently and learn to solve problems.

Once he met a difficult problem, and he couldn't solve it, so he asked tian teacher. The teacher didn't give him the answer directly, but let him read a great book "Analytic Geometry" by Salman Fidra, which has three volumes and 2000 pages. At first, Sue felt that the teacher refused to teach him. He was a little unhappy, but he had to chew on the book. Two years later, after reading the book, the problem was solved and the foundation was solid? /ca & gt；