What exactly do the "three treaties" that Mrs. Thatcher repeatedly emphasized refer to?(

The Opium War broke out in 1840, and the Treaty of Nanjing was signed in 1842, ceding Hong Kong Island.

The Second Opium War broke out in 1856, and the Treaty of Beijing was signed in 1860, ceding the southern tip of the Kowloon Peninsula to the south of present-day Boundary Street.

In 1898, the "Special Treaty for Expanding the Boundaries of Hong Kong" was signed, leasing the northern part of the Kowloon Peninsula north of Boundary Street and south of the Shenzhen River and 235 nearby islands (later collectively referred to as the "New Territories"). 99 years.

Treaty of Nanjing:

Thirteen paragraphs of the Treaty of Nanjing require China to: cede Hong Kong Island; compensate Britain for the price of opium, commercial arrears, and military expenses* **Twenty-one million silver dollars; five ports for trade, opening Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, and Shanghai as treaty ports, allowing British people to live and send consuls.

According to the agreed tariffs, British businessmen should pay import and export taxes and fees, and the Chinese customs has no autonomy; abolish the public service system and allow British businessmen to trade freely in China. ? In addition, it also stipulates equal exchanges between officials from both sides, the release of the other side's soldiers and civilians, and the withdrawal of British troops.

"Treaty of Beijing":

The "Treaty of Beijing", including the "Sino-British Treaty of Beijing", "Sino-French Treaty of Beijing", "Sino-Russian Treaty of Beijing", was a treaty signed by the Qing Dynasty in 1860 The government signed unequal treaties with Britain, France, and Russia in Beijing after the Second Opium War.

The Qing government appointed Imperial Envoy Yi? as the representative for negotiation and signing. The signing place was at the Libu Yamen in Beijing, at the southeast corner of today's Anmen Square. In addition, the "Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peace and Trade" signed with Portugal in 1887 is also known as the "Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Beijing".

"Special Article on the Extension of Hong Kong Territory":

"Special Article on the Extension of Hong Kong Territory" (English: The Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting an Extension of Hong Kong Territory) ?Or?The Second Convention of Peking) was a treaty signed by the Qing Dynasty and the British in Beijing on June 9, 1898 to lease land north of Kowloon and south of the Shenzhen River.

The treaty was originally kept in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China and is now preserved in the National Palace Museum in Taipei. The term of the treaty became the starting point for the handover process of Hong Kong’s sovereignty.

Extended information:

Historical influence:

Treaty of Nanjing:

The Treaty of Nanjing is the first treaty in modern Chinese history It was an unequal treaty, which, together with the "Sino-British Five-Port Trade Charter" and the "Five-Port Trade Adhesion Clauses" (i.e., the "Treaty of Humen") as appendices, had a major historical impact.

From the perspective of social nature, the signing of the Treaty of Nanjing caused China to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Politically, the integrity of China's territory and sovereignty was destroyed, and it began to lose its political independence.

Economically, China's self-sufficient economic structure that combined small agriculture and cottage industry gradually disintegrated due to the economic invasion of foreign capitalism after the war, and the Chinese economy gradually became a vassal of world capitalism. According to the revolutionary historical perspective, as the nature of society changes, the situation of class struggle also changes.

The main contradiction in society, from the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class, began to transform into the contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation. The social revolutionary tasks (revolutionary objects) have also changed, and the Chinese people have shouldered the dual revolutionary tasks of opposing foreign capitalist aggression and opposing their own feudal rule.

"Beijing Treaty":

After opening Tianjin as a commercial port, the Western capitalist aggressive forces had a stronghold;

Separated the Kowloon Peninsula and the Ussuri River The large territory east of Edom further undermines China's national sovereignty and territorial integrity;

Allowing foreign businessmen to recruit Han people to work overseas as cheap labor allows countries such as Britain and France to openly plunder and sell Chinese people overseas as slaves ; Allowing Western missionaries to rent land and build churches in China has made the invasion of foreign churches deeper and more rampant; the opening of ports has penetrated from coastal areas to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

China's semi-colonial and semi-feudalization has further deepened. The Chinese people are suffering more and more disasters. It also violated China's judicial and inland water navigation sovereignty and was seriously violated.

"Special Treaty on Expanding the Boundary Site of Hong Kong":

After the expiration of the special treaty, the New Territories should be returned to the Qing government. However, the Qing government has collapsed, and China and Britain started negotiations on the transfer of sovereignty. . In the mid-1970s, Hong Kong's business community began to pay attention to the issue of the expiry of exclusive contracts, worrying whether the land leases in the New Territories granted by the Hong Kong government could extend beyond 1997, and whether the Hong Kong government's land leases involving the New Territories would still be effective after 1997.

In March 1979, the lease was due to expire in less than 20 years. In order to resolve the land contract issue, Hong Kong Governor Sir MacLehose visited China for the first time, triggering subsequent negotiations on the future of Hong Kong.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Treaty of Nanjing

Baidu Encyclopedia - Treaty of Beijing

Baidu Encyclopedia - Special Article on Expanding the Boundary Site of Hong Kong