How to read the first volume of English grade four

The English pronunciation of English is English? [ɡl？ ] 。

English is a branch of West Germanic language, which was first used by Britain in the Middle Ages. Because of its huge colony, English has become the most widely used language in the world. The Anglo tribe is one of the Germanic tribes that later migrated to the island of Great Britain, and is called England. Both names come from Angeria in the Baltic Peninsula.

This language is closely related to Frisian and Lower Saxon, and its vocabulary is influenced by other Germanic languages, especially Nordic (North Germanic), which is dominated by Latin and French.

English has developed 1400 years. The earliest form of English is a group of English dialects brought to Britain by Anglo-Saxon immigrants in the fifth century, collectively known as Old English. Medieval English began at the end of 1 1, and the Normans conquered England. 1476, william caxton introduced the printing press to Britain and began to publish the first printed book in London, which expanded the influence of English. Since17th century, under the extensive influence of Britain and America, modern English has spread all over the world.

Through various print and electronic media in these countries, English has become one of the major languages in the world, and also plays a leading role in many regions and professional environments, such as science, navigation and law.

In terms of geographical distribution, English is the most popular language, but the number of native speakers of English ranks third in the world, second only to Chinese and Spanish. It is the most widely studied second language and one of the official languages of nearly 60 sovereign countries. Compared with native English speakers, more people learn English as a second language.

It is the mother tongue of Britain, the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and other countries, and is widely used in the Caribbean, Africa and South Asia. It is one of the official languages of the United Nations, the European Union and many other world and regional international organizations.

The historical development of English;

Early Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians) immigrated to England, and English was passed down from their language changes. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, around 449 AD, Vilti, the king of the British Isles, invited his "Anglo relatives" to help him fight against the Picts, so he returned the territory of Southeast Angles.

Then he sought further support, and Saxons, Angles and Jutes came one after another. Chronicles record that these "immigrants" eventually established seven kingdoms: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Kent, Essex, Sussex and Wessex.

In the 9th century, Scandinavians invaded northern England on a large scale. At the end of the ninth century, the invaders occupied almost the whole eastern half of Britain. Scandinavians speak North Germanic. There is not much difference between North Germanic and West Germanic. Due to the invasion of Scandinavians, a large number of Scandinavian words (represented by Old Scandinavian) entered the vocabulary of Old English.

There are many synonyms between ancient Norse and old English. Therefore, ancient Norse vocabulary often replaces old English vocabulary in English vocabulary. 1066 for 300 years after the Norman conquest, the king of England only spoke French. So a large number of French words entered Old English, and Old English itself lost most of its twists and turns, forming Middle English. The vowel movement around 1500 transforms Middle English into modern English. The most famous literary work in Old English is Beowulf, while the most famous literary work in Middle English is Canterbury Tales.

Modern English began to flourish in the era of william shakespeare. Some scholars divide it into early modern English and late modern English, and the dividing line is about 1800. With the occupation and colonization of most parts of the world by the British Empire, the local language has greatly influenced the development of English.