The military of Belarus

On September 23rd, 1991, the Supreme Soviet of Belarus adopted a decision to establish its own defense system and army according to the "sufficiency principle". On January 11, 1992, Bai announced that he would take over all the conventional forces of the former Soviet Union in his territory. On March 2th, the Supreme Soviet of Belarus passed the Armed Forces Law, and decided to form its own army on the basis of the former Soviet troops it took over from now on. In 1994, the Supreme Soviet of Belarus decided to inherit the tradition of the former Soviet Union and designated February 23rd (Army Day of the former Soviet Union) as the Defender of the Motherland and Armed Forces Day of Belarus (Army Day).

On December 6th, 1992, Bai adopted the first Military Theory after independence. In October 21, Bai revised the Military Doctrine and adopted the second Military Doctrine on this basis. According to the new Military Doctrine, Belarus still pursues a defensive military strategy and does not regard any country in the world as a potential enemy. The main goal of Belarus's military security guarantee is to prevent the military threat against Belarus, control it in a local scope and finally eliminate it. The "New Military Doctrine" stipulates that Belarus will not participate in military conflicts between other countries, and will only use military force when it is invaded or invaded by armed forces and all means to contain aggression are ineffective; The task of ensuring national military security will be accomplished by the armed forces in coordination with other troops and military units listed in the national military organization. While emphasizing the maintenance of its military security through political and military means, Belarus decided to set up a regional collective security system within the framework of Russia-Belarus alliance countries, aiming at completing the defense tasks of the same country. At the same time, it is committed to achieving non-nuclear status, and advocates the steady reduction of conventional arms, bilateral and multilateral disarmament dialogues, and cooperation with other countries on the basis of multilateral or bilateral international treaties and agreements. The basic direction of Belarus's military policy is formulated under the leadership of the President, approved by the lower house of the National Assembly, and implemented by the Security Council and the Council of Ministers. According to the white constitution, the president is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and leads the security meeting. The security conference unified, coordinated and led powerful departments such as the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the National Security Council and the State Border Guard Committee. The chairman of the security meeting is the president. At present, the Secretary of State of the Security Council is Lieutenant General Gennady nikolayevich Neviglas, the Minister of National Defense is Admiral Leonid Semeonovich Maltsev, and the Chief of Staff is Lieutenant General Sergei petrovich Guruliev. At the end of 21, the Belarusian armed forces began to be streamlined and reorganized on a large scale, consisting of two services: the army and the air defense. In 29, there were 5,6 troops. The army and air defense forces set up service headquarters respectively, directly under the leadership of the Ministry of National Defense and the General Staff; The army has two campaign headquarters; Border guards and internal affairs forces are under the jurisdiction of the State Administration of Frontier Defense and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Bai implements a military service system that combines universal compulsory military service with contract military service. The service period of conscripts without higher education is 18 months, and that of conscripts with higher education is 12 months.

Army

The total number of Belarusian army troops is 43,5. It is composed of troops directly under the Ministry of National Defense and three armies. The troops directly under the Ministry of National Defense have 1 motorized infantry division, 3 independent mobile brigades, 1 artillery division, 2 operational tactical missile brigades, 1 anti-tank brigade and 1 special forces brigade. Three armies: one army is under the jurisdiction of three independent mechanized brigades, one ground-to-air missile brigade, one artillery regiment, one rocket launcher regiment and one tank regiment; One army has jurisdiction over a ground-to-air missile brigade, an artillery regiment, an anti-tank regiment and a rocket launcher regiment.

main battle tanks: 1,724 (another 238 are stored), including 6 T-55, 1,569 T-72 and 95 T-8.

infantry fighting vehicles: 1,56 vehicles (another 53 vehicles are stored), including 81 vehicles of BM ⅱ-1, 1,164 vehicles of BM ⅱ-2, 161 vehicles of BPM, 81 vehicles of BM ⅱ-1, 1,164 vehicles of BM ⅱ-2, 161 vehicles of BPM and 154 vehicles of BM ⅱ-1.

armored transport vehicles: 918 vehicles (another 36 vehicles are stored), including 188 BTP-6 vehicles, 445 BTP-7 vehicles, 193 BTP-8 vehicles, 22 BTP- men vehicles and 7 MT-JIB vehicles.

there are 1,465 guns of various types (another 153 guns are stored), including 428 towed guns (178 guns with 122 mm and 25 guns with 152 mm), 572 self-propelled guns (235 guns with 122 mm, 31 guns with 152 mm and 36 guns with 23 mm), 54 curved linear dual-purpose guns and 334 rockets (134 guns with 152 mm).

there are 48 at-5, AT-6 and AT-7 anti-tank missile launchers and 96 battle tactical missile launchers (6 Scud units and 36 Frog /SS-21 units). Surface-to-air missile. SA-8/-11/-12/-13/Type ***35.

air force

22,5 people (including 1,2 air defense troops), 23 combat aircraft and 6 combat helicopters.

fighter bombers: 116, including 36 Su -24 and 8 Su -25.

Fighters: 18, including 35 MiG -23, 5 MiG -29 and 23 Su -27.

reconnaissance planes: 6.

6 combat helicopters, including 55 Mi -24, 4 Mi -24R and 1 Mi -24K.

transport helicopters: 186.

transport planes: 27.

AA-7, AA-8, AA-1 and AA-11 air-to-air missiles.

several types of air-to-ground missiles AS-1, AS-7 and AS-14.

There are about 1, air defense troops and 175 SA-3/-5/l1 ground-to-air missile launchers. Since President Lukashenko came to power, Belarus has adhered to an independent and pragmatic foreign policy. The first priority of its diplomacy is Russia, and it attaches importance to its relations with the CIS and neighboring countries. It regards China as one of the priority directions of Belarus's diplomacy and strives to improve its relations with western countries. In 23, Belarus continued to strengthen its strategic alliance with Russia and worked hard to solve the problems in the national construction of the Russian-Belarusian alliance; Continue to attach importance to and participate in the activities of the collective security treaty organization in the Commonwealth of Independent States and the preparation of the unified economic space of the four countries; Continue to attach importance to relations with China; Take measures to improve relations with western countries.

Belarus joined the United Nations on October 24, 1945 and became a member of it. Relations with China

Diplomatic relations were established on January 2th, 1992. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations, relations between the two countries have developed smoothly and high-level visits have been frequent. By the end of 214, there were 12 pairs of cities, provinces and states in the two countries.

According to the statistics of China General Administration of Customs, in 2, the total trade volume between China and Belarus was US$ 113.63 million, an increase of 336.7% over the previous year, of which Chinese exports were US$ 41.12 million and imports were US$ 72.51 million.

In p>212, the bilateral trade volume between China and Belarus reached US$ 1.58 billion, up by 21.4% year-on-year, of which China exported US$ 92 million, up by 3.4%, and imported US$ 66 million, up by 1.8%.

since the establishment of diplomatic relations, the two countries have carried out humanities exchanges and cooperation. In 1996, the China-Belarus Intergovernmental Science and Technology Cooperation Committee was established, and has held 1 regular meetings. Belarus has held "Belarus Science and Technology Day" in China many times. Since 1999, the two countries have started to hold cultural days with each other. Up to 212, China has held six "China Culture Days" in Belarus and seven "Belarusian Culture Days" in China. In October 29, the Belarusian website of China Radio International "International Online" was officially opened. In October 21, the Ministry of Culture of Belarus sent several art groups to China to attend the Shanghai World Expo and the White Culture Day. In January 27, the Confucius Institute of Belarusian State University was officially listed. In September 211, the Confucius Institute at Minsk State Language and Culture University was officially unveiled. In 212, the two countries warmly celebrated the 2th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations and carried out a variety of activities. The two sides held a celebration reception and issued commemorative envelopes. The scale of exchange of international students between the two countries has been further expanded.

Relations with Russia

The two countries established diplomatic relations on June 25th, 1992. In 1997, the Treaty of Russia-Belarus Union was signed, and in 1999, the Treaty on the Establishment of Russia-Belarus Union Countries was signed. The treaty came into force in 2. Belarus supports Russia in promoting the integration process of the Commonwealth of Independent States, establishing a three-nation customs union with Russia and Kazakhstan, promoting the integration mechanism of a unified economic space, the Eurasian economy and the collective security treaty organization, and actively responding to Russia's idea of establishing the Eurasian Union. Russia opposes the interference of the United States and the West in Belarus' internal affairs and the expansion of sanctions. In January 212, Belarusian President Lukashenko met with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in Sochi. In February, Russian and Belarusian presidents issued a joint statement condemning the US-European sanctions against Belarus. In May, after Putin was re-elected as Russian president, his first visit was arranged in Belarus, and the two heads of state signed a joint statement. In June, Chairman of the Russian Federation Council matviyenko and Chairman of the State Duma naryshkin visited Belarus respectively. In July, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev and Belarusian Prime Minister Miasnikovich held a ministerial meeting of the Union countries in Minsk. In September, Belarusian President Lukashenko went to Sochi for a holiday and held a bilateral meeting at the invitation of Russian President Vladimir Putin. In September, White Foreign Minister Makyi visited Russia and held talks with Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov. In October, Russian Deputy Prime Minister rogozin visited Belarus to attend the working group meeting on cooperation between Russian and Belarusian military enterprises and met with Belarusian President Lukashenko.

relations with cis countries

relations with cis countries are one of the priority directions of Belarus' diplomacy. In 212, Belarus continued to develop friendly relations with CIS countries and actively participated in multilateral activities within the framework of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Eurasian Economic Community and the Customs Union. In January, Belarusian Prime Minister Miasnikovich visited Turkmenistan. In March, Belarusian President Lukashenko went to Russia to attend the Eurasian Economic Summit. In April, Turkmenistan President Berdymukhamedov visited Belarus. In May, Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev visited Belarus. In May, Lukashenko attended the Ji 'an Treaty Organization Summit and the informal summit of CIS leaders in Moscow. In May, Belarus (Crane) Mixed Committee on Economic and Trade Cooperation held its 21st meeting in Minsk. In May, Belarusian Prime Minister Miasnikovich paid a working visit to Turkmenistan and attended the meeting of the Council of Heads of Government of CIS. In June, Belarusian Prime Minister Miasnikovich attended the Prime Ministers' Meeting of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan in St. Petersburg. In August, the meeting of the mixed intergovernmental economic and trade committee of Belarus (Serbia) was held in Minsk. In August, President Aliyev paid an official visit to Belarus. In September, Belarusian Prime Minister Miasnikovich attended the meeting of heads of government of CIS countries held in Yalta.

relations with western countries

Belarus and the United States established diplomatic relations on December 28th, 1991. After Belarus's referendum in November 1996, the western countries led by the United States refused to recognize the legitimate status of Belarus's National Assembly on the grounds of violating "democracy" and "human rights", nor did they recognize the results of Lukashenko's re-election as president in 21, and constantly exerted economic pressure on Belarus to support the Belarusian opposition. In 22, the relationship between Belarus and the United States continued to be frozen. The United States continued to accuse Belarus of undemocratic political system, and put forward a draft resolution on the human rights situation in Belarus at the United Nations Human Rights Conference in Geneva in March 23. The United States also accused Belarus of expelling the OSCE representative in Belarus and selling weapons to "evil" countries. Belarus resisted US pressure, opposed US interference in Belarus' internal affairs through human rights issues, and criticized US military presence in the CIS region, Bush's "axis of evil" theory and unilateralism. In November 22, relations between Belarus and NATO and the European Union were once tense because the Czech Republic refused to issue entry visas to the Belarusian delegation attending the Prague Summit of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Committee, and then 14 EU countries banned the entry of Belarusian politicians. However, by the end of 22, the efforts to improve relations between Belarus and Western Europe had achieved results one by one, and the relations between the two sides had eased. Belarus and the OSCE reached an agreement on setting up an office in Belarus, and the OSCE resumed its legal seat that had been vacant for a long time.

In October p>24, Belarus held a referendum on whether President Lukashenko could participate in the next presidential election and cancel the constitutional provision on limiting the term of office of the president. Both the United States and the OSCE accused Belarus of violating democratic principles and international standards. The US House of Representatives passed the Belarus Democracy Act of 24. Lukashenko delivered a long speech, criticizing the passage of the bill by the United States as a gross interference in the internal affairs of Belarus. The Coordination Committee of Leaders of Political Parties and Social Organizations of the Republic of Belarus issued an appeal to citizens and the international community, pointing out that the "Belarus Democracy Act of 24" promulgated by the United States government is a destruction of the stability of Belarus, and Belarus deeply regrets it. The people of Belarus support the policy of consolidating and revitalizing the country pursued by President Lukashenko. The Belarusian Foreign Ministry issued a statement pointing out that the evaluation of the referendum by the OSCE Observer Mission on Democracy and Human Rights is obviously not objective and biased.

In p>29, the relationship between Belarus and the United States was loosened and the relationship between Belarus and Europe improved. In March, Rospa, the news media director of US President Barack Obama's campaign team, visited Belarus and had an online exchange with the white people. In May, the United States decided to extend the suspension of sanctions against White Polotsk Glass Fiber Company and a paint pigment manufacturer. In June, culkin, Chairman of the Helsinki Committee of the US Congress, visited Belarus.

In February, 29, the European Union visited Belarus with Javier Solana, High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. In March, OSCE Parliamentary President Sores visited Belarus. In April, Czech Foreign Minister Schwartzenberg, who holds the rotating presidency of the European Union, visited Belarus. In the same month, Belarusian President Lukashenko visited Italy and the Vatican and met with Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi and Pope Benedict XVI. In May, Belarusian First Deputy Prime Minister Semashko and Foreign Minister Martinoff jointly attended the Prague Summit of the EU's "Oriental Partnership Program" and signed a joint statement, participating in the program on an equal footing with Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia. In June, EU External Relations Commissioner Waldner visited Belarus. In September, Belarusian President Lukashenko visited Lithuania. In November, Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi visited Belarus. In addition, Belarusian Foreign Minister Martinoff visited the EU headquarters three times, and also visited Germany and Italy. In view of the fact that Belarus was greatly affected by the financial crisis, the European Union provided aid to Belarus and actively supported the International Monetary Fund to lend Belarus $3.5 billion. The EU continues to suspend entry restrictions for senior White officials and set up the Council of Europe Information Center in Minsk. Belarus officially granted diplomatic treatment to the representative office of the European Commission in Belarus.

Relations with other countries

We attach great importance to relations with neighboring countries such as Lithuania and Poland. In 23, the trade between Belarus and Lithuania increased significantly, with a year-on-year increase of 14% to US$ 42 million. The trade volume with Poland has increased substantially, with a year-on-year increase of 59%, reaching 783 million US dollars; However, the trade volume between Belarus and Estonia and Latvia has decreased to varying degrees, with the trade volume of $68 million and $389 million respectively.

In p>29, Belarus continued to develop relations with Baltic countries and Poland. In January, Latvian Prime Minister Godmanis visited Belarus. In June, the secretaries of the security conferences of Belarus, Ukraine and Poland reached the Kiev Initiative in Kiev. In September, White Prime Minister Sidorski paid a visit to Poland.