Taking stock of the old Beijing land temple: having money to live in the tile house but not having money to break the jar and fall.

Who is the landlord? Grassroots god? Old Beijing has Chengnan Dadudian Temple, Liulichang Land Temple, Jianguomen Land Temple Downhill, Dadudian Land Temple Hutong, Jiaokou Land Temple, Haidian Tiger Cave Land Temple and Fuchengmen Thief-chasing Hutong Jinjia Land Temple.

Nowadays, in the rapid urban changes in Beijing, it is difficult to find the shadow of the prosperous land temple, but in other parts of China, there are still well-preserved land temples with different styles, bearing the vicissitudes of the years.

Land lords are treated differently. He has money to live in a tile-roofed house, but he has no money to break pots and falls.

The land god originated from the worship of land ownership in ancient times. Land can produce five grains, is it a person? Food and clothing parents? Therefore, people worship the land. The ancients believed that the land Lord was the local administrative god, protecting the peace and tranquility of the village. The land god defends the peace of a country, soothes the pain in people's hearts, and blesses people with adequate food and clothing. As a place where people worship the land god, the land temple naturally prospers.

It is said that the second day of the second lunar month is the birthday of the landlord. Who is the landlord? Grass-roots god? , "Han Shu?" The Five Elements says:? Old system, a club 25? . The so-called society is the smallest administrative unit in the place, and the land god worshipped by the society is also called? Social god? In order to manage the little god at the bottom of his hometown, his superior is the city god.

During the Journey to the West, when the Monkey King met a monster of unknown origin, he often needed to summon the Land Lord to ask. In Huangmei Opera "The Fairy Couple", the land god also contributed to the marriage between Yong Dong and the Seven Fairies. According to folklore, Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, was born in the land temple, so the land temple was highly respected in the Ming Dynasty.

? Landlord? This name first appeared in Wu Dong during the Three Kingdoms period. Jiang, a native of Guangling, was an official in Dongwu during the Three Kingdoms period. When he was chasing a thief, he was unfortunately injured in the forehead and died. Soon after, Jiang's former chief executive met Jiang on the road, only to see Jiang waving a feather fan and riding a white horse, looking as before, claiming to be? I am the land god here? . The legend about the land mother-in-law did not appear in the literature until the Tang Dynasty.

After the belief in the land god has become the basic belief of the people, ordinary people often raise funds to build a land temple for sacrifice. In some poor villages, only one earthen jar is often used, and the earthen jar is knocked into a square mouth near the mouth and covered on the ground, where the memorial tablet of the land god is enshrined, which is the right to fill the ancestral temple of the land god. And the place where it knocks is the temple gate, so there is a saying? The land Lord, whose real name is Zhang, has money to live in a tile-roofed house, but no money to break the jar and fall? .

By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the belief in land gods was no longer confined to the Han society, and Manchu people were also infected with this custom. Even in Zongrenfu, the capital, there is a land temple dedicated by officials of Zongrenfu. At the same time, the belief in land gods in Taiwan Province Province was introduced with a large number of immigrants, and a system of offering sacrifices to land gods was established.

The best land temple in Beijing

The largest land temple

According to the "Full Map of Ganlong Capital", there were more than 40 land temples in Beijing in the past, but in fact there are many more. There are also land gods in Sansheng Temple, Wusheng Temple and Qisheng Temple. The number of land temples in Beijing ranks first in China. What is the Royal Land Temple? Social altar? (In Zhongshan Park) is the place where the emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties offered sacrifices to the land gods.

Among the people in Beijing, the largest land temple is the Dutu Temple, and its former site is in xuanwu hospital area near Xiaxie Street in Xuanwu District, which is the highest among all land temples. The original hall has three floors, dedicated to the landlord and grandmother. Qing Guangxu's "Shun Tian Fu Zhi" contains: there is a temple fair on the third day of every ten days, and the tourists are mixed, which is equal to two temple fairs: National Insurance and Longfu. ? It shows that the scale is different, so it is included in the five major temple fairs in Beijing. During the period of 1937, the teachers and students of the Economics Department of the Republic of China College in Beiping made a survey of the temple fairs in Beiping at that time. According to the records of the year:? The abbot of Xiaxie Street Land Temple with an area of 500? The land god and grandma are also sitting among them. Shortly after the founding of New China, relevant departments in? Land temple? When xuanwu hospital was completed, the earth temple was replaced by a high-rise building.

The smallest land temple

Where is the smallest land temple? According to records, the land Lord in imperial academy, the capital of the capital, was Han, and the old writer Wang Zengqi had seen a land temple in imperial academy, which was not much bigger than Zhong. Perhaps this is the smallest earth temple in Beijing.

There is also a record of a small earth temple. According to "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of Haidian Ancient Town", there is a small stone cave in the backyard of Li Shunxiang Cigarette Shop in the north corner of the west exit of Tiger Cave, and there is a small earth temple in the cave.

The land temple that contributed to China's films

The land temple related to movies is the land temple of Liulichang, and now it is an experimental kindergarten. 1905, Fengtai Photo Studio filmed Dingjun Mountain in Liulichang Underground Palace, which became the first black-and-white silent film in China film history.

Ren Qingtai (word Jingfeng), founder of Beijing Fengtai Photo Studio, 1850 (thirty years of Qing Daoguang) was born in Sitaizi Village, Faku County, Liaoning Province. His family is very rich, and he studied photography before coming to Beijing for development. 1892, he opened the earliest photo studio in China in Liulichang Land Temple, and took a word from its name and named it? Fengtai? . Later, Daguanlou Cinema was opened in Dashilan to show movies. Due to the shortage of foreign films, Ren Qingtai bought a French-made hand-held camera and 14 film from Chilov Foreign Company, a German businessman, in Dongjiaominxiang, and began the attempt of China people to make films.

Landlord sealed by the emperor

There is a small alley south of Fuchengmen Inner Street, which was called Zhuizhi Hutong in Ming Dynasty and Kang Min North Lane after the founding of New China. At the north exit of Hutong, there was a frontispiece land temple in history, called Jinjia Land Temple. According to folklore, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, when Li Zicheng rebels surrounded Beijing, there was a night watchman named Wang Si in Fuchengmen. One day, he was so drunk that he claimed to cut off Li Zicheng's head and was beheaded by the rebels. Later, after the Qing soldiers entered the customs and settled down, the emperor shunzhi heard about Wang Si's deeds and specially ordered to clear Wang Si's name? Golden armor, the god of the earth? .

Spring has come, the earth has revived and everything has grown. The ancient people's feelings of worshipping the land should not be forgotten with the passage of time, because the land carries everything and breeds everything.