Can you immigrate to Mars after the Millennium?

Besides Venus, Mars is the closest planet to the Earth. Due to the change of its orbit, it is between 55.7 million and1200,000 kilometers away from the earth, and it is also the planet closest to the earth's environment explored by scientists at present.

So far, humans have only sent probes to Mars. Now NASA's Mars landing plan has been gradually implemented. According to the plan, Americans will land on Mars in 2030. Russia even proposed to send astronauts to Mars in 20 15.

In the scientific exploration of emigrating to Mars, the most enthusiastic is the American Mars Association. Headquartered in Colorado, USA, it is a non-profit scientific research institution with 5,000 paid members from 29 countries around the world, including the world's top scientists and "lovers" of Mars exploration. Their goal is only one-to realize human migration to Mars. These "Martians" even designed the flags of future Mars and China, which are similar to the French flag, but the colors are red, green and blue.

Moving to Mars, the most important thing is to produce oxygen on Mars. For this goal, many scientists think it will take 20,000 to 65,438+million years. But Robert Zuberlin, the founder and scientist of the Mars Society, believes that this process will take about 1000 years to complete.

Zuberlin made a detailed plan to transform Mars and led the Mars Association to gradually implement it. This transformation plan is divided into five steps.

Step 1: Reach the critical point of "environmental globalization"

To completely melt the frozen material of Mars, the outer atmosphere of Mars must reach at least 40℃. Therefore, Zuberlin said that he would create a "huge greenhouse effect" on Mars, and the planned completion time was about 2 150. Zuberlin put forward three plans to make Mars warm, and the third plan was approved by many scientists.

The first plan: space mirror

It is to use a mirror with a diameter greater than 120 km to orbit above 2 1 km on the surface of Mars. This kind of mirror will reflect sunlight to the designated area of Mars to release the atmosphere and water below the frozen surface. But this mirror is too big for the current scientific level of human beings to make.

Option 2: Asteroid Impact

Let an asteroid with a diameter of about 2.5 kilometers hit Mars, and the huge energy generated by the impact will melt 65.438+0 trillion tons of ice on Mars into water, and the ammonia gas released after the asteroid impact can also greatly heat Mars. He estimated that 40 such impacts would make Mars habitable. However, this is also difficult to achieve.

The third scheme: making greenhouse gases.

Zuberlin plans to build several chemical plants on Mars to continuously produce the most effective greenhouse gas-carbon tetrafluoride. If/kloc-0.000 tons of this gas is discharged every hour, the average temperature of Mars will rise by 27.8℃ within 30 years. This process is expected to consume 5,000 MW, and five nuclear power plants can meet these energy needs.

Step 2: Release the atmosphere in the Martian soil.

Three billion years ago, the surface of Mars was surrounded by a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide. As Mars gets cold, most of the carbon dioxide is absorbed by the soil and frozen. When man completes the first step of transforming Mars, the warm climate will release these carbon dioxide. These gases can raise the temperature of Mars by 5.6℃ within 20 years, when the ice begins to melt into water and the water begins to evaporate, thus forming weather phenomena such as rain and snow. It is calculated that by 2200, there will be 0. 1 atm of carbon dioxide on the surface of Mars.

Step 3: Plant plants.

With the release of carbon dioxide from the soil, by 2250, the atmospheric content on Mars will reach 0.2 1 atm, which is equivalent to one fifth of the earth, and most of it is carbon dioxide. At this time, Martian residents can go outdoors without wearing spacesuits, and of course they need oxygen bags; Ordinary planes can take off and land on Mars; People will also build a closed city with a dome.

Once the temperature near the equator of Mars remains above 0℃ for many years, there will be a stable supply of liquid water on Mars. By 2250, plants can grow on Mars, but the first thing to consider is fungi and mosses that can promote photosynthesis.

Step 4: Get oxygen.

In order to speed up the production of oxygen, Martian residents will plant various plants on a large scale and treat garbage carefully, because garbage corruption will produce carbon dioxide. By then, scientists will cultivate "super plants" that can release more oxygen.

Step 5: Wait 1000.

It is planned that you can create the atmosphere in 50 years, and then you can walk on Mars in 50 years, but it will be a long process, because it will take about 65,438+0,000 years for Martian plants to release enough oxygen for human beings to breathe freely. In 1000 years, Martian residents will keep sowing and harvesting, and strive to "produce" more oxygen.