Visual field

The gossip of history sometimes makes people tremble, sometimes makes people laugh, but it is not easy to forget. 　1、? Hundred years' war between Britain and France? It actually lasted for 116 years, and finally the French Joan of Arc led the army to victory.

2. Arabic numerals did not originate in Arab countries. In fact, they were first invented by Indian mathematicians, and then spread to North Africa after revision, and then to Europe in the Middle Ages.

3. In 1938, Adolf was selected by Time magazine. What did Hitler do? Person of the year? . In the same year, he completely controlled the German military, invaded Czechoslovakia, completely controlled Austria through coercion and invasion, and expelled 12, Jews from Germany.

4. In 1685, New France (the territory of France in North America) used playing cards as currency, which was due to the shortage of coins at that time.

5. In 1892, Italy stipulated that the minimum age of marriage for women was 12 years old.

6. The earliest contraceptives originated in ancient Egypt. Egyptian women used some acidic substances as vaginal suppositories and honey or oil as lubricants.

7. The shortest war recorded in history was the war between Zanzibar and Britain in 1896, and Zanzibar surrendered in just 45 minutes.

8. During World War II, the first bomb of the Allies fell in Berlin, Germany. At that time, the only casualty report came from Berlin Zoo-an elephant was killed in the air raid.

9. Carl? Marx was a correspondent of new york Daily Herald.

1. In 74 AD, the Roman emperor Vespasian ran out of money from the national treasury due to the civil war. In order to raise funds, he built the world's first public toilet. When his son titus criticized the move, Wesbasian said that although the money was earned from toilets, it didn't stink. After that,? Money doesn't stink? Spread as a common saying.

11. Bank of America was originally called Bank of Italy, which was founded by an Italian immigrant in 194. In the 192s, the bank and? Bank of Los Angeles? Merger, officially called? Bank of America? .

12. In the first Liberian war in the 199s, warlord Brech led his army to conduct a war? Naked war? They only wear shoes and have guns in their hands. Brech claimed that he had been instructed by Satan, who told him to do so when he was 11 years old. He believes that this will prevent bullets from hitting the body. In fact, the naked Brescie did survive the war.

13. For many years, Europe has thought that tomatoes are poisonous, and they are only cultivated as ornamental plants. In fact, the leaves and branches of tomatoes are poisonous, but they can be used as food seasoning properly.

14. John? Adams and Thomas? Jefferson was the second president and the third president of the United States. They both died on the same day, which happened to be the 5th anniversary of American Independence Day.

15. King Charles II of Spain often wiped the dust from the mummies of Egyptian pharaohs. He thought it would absorb the great men of ancient times? Essence? .

in 16 and 1173, shortly after the construction of the leaning tower of Pisa, it was found that the foundation was uneven, and the subsequent construction process was stopped, and it was not until 1 years later that the construction was resumed. Therefore, the leaning tower of Pisa has never stood upright.

17. Stalin once wanted to be a priest.

18. Ancient Egyptians used slates as pillows.

19. A man in New Orleans once paid a pirate to go to St Helena prison to rescue Napoleon.

2. The ancient Egyptians mastered at least six kinds of beer brewing methods.

In fact, Darwin, the founder of the theory of evolution, did not consider the consequences of consanguineous marriage. He married his cousin.

22. Gay marriage was first recognized in ancient Rome. Nero, the tyrant of ancient Rome, had at least two same-sex couples. But he is far from being compared with Emperor China. There are five Toy Boy whose history books are clearly recorded by Emperor Wu of China.

23. King Richard II of England invented the handkerchief.

in 24, 1952, Albert, a scientist? Einstein was proposed to be the second president of Israel, but was rejected.

25. People have been wearing glasses for 7 years.

26. At the beginning of World War I, the US Air Force had only 18 pilots and 5-12 planes.

selected from British New History Weekly

Toxin threat of Japanese World War II shipwrecks

In the Pacific Ocean, scientists found that more than 5 World War II warships sank in a 56-kilometer-wide Truck lagoon. There are corals and rich marine life everywhere, and it is also a favorite place for deep-sea diving enthusiasts. These oil tankers, destroyers and other ships contain a lot of harmful substances, such as thousands of barrels of oil and chemicals and unexploded mines. Therefore, the sunken ship in Truck is also called the ghost fleet, including dozens of Japanese warships, many of which were sunk in the three-day attack launched by the allied forces in February 1944. For decades, scientists and governments have said that it is best to leave these sunken ships alone. Because the work of cleaning up the sunken ship is expensive, time-consuming and laborious, if it is not handled properly, it will also leak oil or other pollutants into the sea water.

However, in recent years, with the rising seawater temperature, the corrosion problem has become increasingly serious, prompting scientists to investigate Truck's aging ghost fleet and about 3,7 World War II warships around the world as soon as possible. These sunken ships are mainly located in the waters around Papua New Guinea and Palau, extending from Micronesia to the west of Truck. At the same time, during the Guadalcanal Conor War in 1942-1943, many allied and Japanese warships sank around Solomon Islands.

Some environmentalists worry that these sunken ships are easy to become places of illegal berthing, fishing and storms, which will cause potential dangers to marine life, beaches, mangroves protecting the coastline and local economy. Researchers say that these sunken ships, made of steel, have been submerged in water for more than 6 years, and may be near the collapse point, that is, they will gradually disintegrate and leak all kinds of toxic substances.

in 26, American conservationist Michael? Beret found a thin layer of oil on the lagoon of Truck. After tracking the pollution, he found that it came from a large Japanese oil tanker, which was sunk by an American bomb in 1944 and is still at the bottom of the sea.

Now these intractable shipwrecks have become a depressing thing for the local government, focusing on how to solve the technical problems of underwater salvage and who will pay for it? Allies or defeated countries?

selected from? Netease science?

What is the Ig Nobel Prize?

Wang Dong

The annual American Ig Nobel Prize was finally announced, and the awarding ceremony in 28 was held in Sanders Theater of Harvard University. Under the stage light, a dean of Harvard Medical School pulled a sword from a guy's throat, and then the guy announced loudly: Welcome to the Igor Nobel Prize awarding ceremony! ? He is not an acrobat. He is Dan from Tennessee, USA. Meyer, last year, together with another British scientist, won the Igor Nobel Prize in Medicine. What was the winning research? Swords swallowing and its side effects? .

　? Iger? This name, at first glance, looks like the English word ignoble (meaning despicable). To trace the origin of this name, you need to learn a little Swedish. Ig is the abbreviation of ICKE GODNT in Swedish, which means? Fail? . So? A failed Nobel Prize? What exactly is it like?

In fact, Mark, a nerd who graduated from Harvard University majoring in applied mathematics? Abraham founded the prize in 1991. What do you reward? An achievement that makes people laugh and makes people think after laughing? So it is often called in the Chinese world? Ig Nobel Prize? . There are many awards under the Igor Nobel Prize, including not only six authentic Nobel prizes, but also aviation, with 1 awards. Like the Nobel Prize, all prizes are nominated by the world first, and then screened by the jury. At the beginning of October each year, just a few days before the Nobel Prize is announced, the Igor Nobel Prize awarding ceremony is held in Abraham's alma mater, Harvard University. There is no bonus for the Ignobel Prize. Not only that, the winners also have to pay for the round-trip travel expenses out of their own pockets.

Awards Ceremony and Prizes

Let's talk about the awards ceremony. Unlike the red tape Nobel Prize Ceremony, Ignacio's award ceremony is more like the carnival at the beginning of Hugo's Notre Dame de Paris. Of course, the people who attended the ceremony were all gifted scholars who read poetry books, not beggars' gangs. If your thoughts can keep up with them, you will find the deep meaning under the playful surface.

As usual, there will be cultural performances to pave the way. For example, what is the theme of 27? Chicken? , this year's ceremony? Chicken vs egg? If you are familiar with scientific figures, you will find one? Eggs? The actor is actually a Nobel Prize winner in a certain year. After the warm-up performance is completed, it will be a lottery awarding session, and the awarding guest will be a genuine Nobel Prize winner.

next is the acceptance speech, which lasts only one minute. For more than a minute, the famous little master of ceremonies? Poop sweetheart? -an 8-year-old girl will rush to the stage and shout in a high-frequency children's voice: Stop it! It's annoying! ? .

At this time, if the people on the stage are still bored, Ignacio's tradition is to throw paper planes folded in advance and boo. Of course, it definitely needs some scientific knowledge to make paper planes fly far and straight. In addition, the award ceremony is also equipped with a? Sweeping monk? -Roy? Klauber. He has been a site cleaner since 1994, but he disappeared from the award ceremony in 25. It turned out that he was busy going to Stockholm to attend the orthodox Nobel Prize award ceremony ―― not sweeping the floor, of course, when he was arrested. Quantum theory of light homology? Won the nobel prize in physics. In 26, the organizer took? Security reasons? Cancel the traditional program of throwing planes for reasons. Sweeping monk? But the legend will go down in history forever.

Of course, the winners will never go home empty-handed. The organizer has purchased prizes for each winner. Don't expect to be a golden statuette, Abraham bought cheap goods to save money, in his own words? For four weeks? . However, these gifts are also very memorable: for example, in 22, four British scientists won the Ignorant Prize in Biology for their article "The Courtship Behavior of British Captured Ostriches to Humans", and their prize was a large car sticker, which read? North American Bird Love Association? A few big characters, it's better than? Bear infested attention? It's still cool.

Is Igor Nobel Prize just a farce?

Speaking of which, you must think that this Ignobel Prize is a bit of a farce ―― that's wrong. Ignobel Prize can make people think for a long time after laughing. For example, Robert, then the chief scientific adviser of the British government? In 1995, Baron May shouted loudly and asked the Igor Nobel Prize Committee not to let British scientists be selected again, which he thought tarnished the reputation of British scientific research. However, the scientists themselves are firmly opposed to Baron Mei's proposal, and the genuine periodical Chemistry and Industry has also published a special article to refute it.

baron may's? Crazy? It makes sense. In the history of Igor Nobel Prize, Britain and Japan are the most favored countries for this prize in terms of head count, as Abraham said in an interview with a magazine. These countries are a paradise for freaks and minorities. There, it may not be a bad thing to get involved with such people. To some extent, they may be proud of it. ?

No one in Chinese mainland has won this award, but Taiwan Province compatriots won it three times:

In 1995, Taiwan Province? Legislative yuan? Won the peace prize of the year because of the group fight;

In 27, xie guozhen won the economics prize for inventing the bank thief net;

In 28, Hong Chuanyue, Xie Chasang, Wu□ fen and Jiang Bining won the chemistry prize for an article published in 1987 that proved that drinking cola did not harm sperm.

interestingly, Deborah of Harvard Medical School shared the chemistry prize with these four people this year. Anderson and his colleagues, in an article published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1985, pointed out that cola can significantly reduce sperm activity.

The winner of the Igor Nobel Prize in 28

has said so much. Let's review these award-winning studies, so that you can have a more intuitive understanding of the Igor Nobel Prize. This year's awards include:

Biology Award: Marie from Toulouse Veterinary College, France. Cartier Gus and others won the prize together ―― they found that fleas on dogs jumped higher than those on cats.

Nutrition Prize: Zampini from the University of Tarento and Spencer from Oxford University in England won it at the same time-they found that the click of potato chips can also make people feel that the food in their mouth is fresher and crisper than it actually is. They didn't just come to the conclusion by swallowing potato chips. In their research, they used an electronic sound effect analysis device.

Economics Prize: Miller, a psychologist at the University of New Mexico, and others found that strippers during ovulation earn more tips than usual, which proves that men can definitely perceive women's ovulation cycle in some unknown way. It is said that some strippers have changed their performance plans according to this research.

medical prize: American Duke University economist Ariely won the prize-they found that expensive fake drugs are much more effective than cheap fake drugs. Considering that the placebo made of starch is equally effective, the result should be reasonable. In fact, Freud has long said? Expensive bills are good news for both doctors and patients. ?

Peace Prize: awarded to the Swiss Federal Ethics Committee for Non-human Biotechnology-they believe that plants also have dignity and should not be trampled on at will.

Archaeological Award: awarded to araujo of the University of S? o Paulo, Brazil, etc.-They found that armadillos often sneak into archaeological excavations, messing up the strata, thus rewriting history. Fortunately, pangolins similar to armadillos are almost eaten up in China. We only need to deal with grave robbers.

Cognitive Science Award: won by Japanese and Hungarian scientists headed by Toshiyuki Nakagaki-they found that amoebas have a superior maze-walking ability, and they always take the shortest route.

Physics Prize: won by Remo and Smith of the University of California, San Diego, USA ―― It proves that a string of string, hair or any other thread-packed thing tends to be cuddled in groups of three or five.

literature prize: awarded to Davis of cass school of economics in London, England? Simms-His award-winning topic is "You Son of a bitch: A Narrative Study of Anger Experience in Groups".

selected from new knowledge.