Annotations on classical Chinese texts in Wushan and Wuxia

1. Explanation in classical Chinese; Passing Wushan

Original text

On the 23rd, I passed Wushan Ningzhen Temple [1] and paid a visit to [16] Miaoyongzhen Temple [2]. The real person is the so-called Wushan goddess in the world[3].

The temple is facing Wushan Mountain, with the peaks reaching up to Xiaohan[4], and the foot of the mountain directly inserted into the river. The commentators call it Taihua, Heng, or Lu[5], but none of them are so strange. However[17] the twelve peaks cannot be seen[6]. Of the eighty-nine peaks that can be seen, Goddess Peak is the most delicate and steep[7], which is suitable for being entrusted by immortals[8]. Zhu Shiyun[9]: "Every August 15th night when the moon is bright, there is the sound of silk and bamboo[10]. Mountain apes are singing to and from the peak, and they gradually stop at dawn[11]." Behind the temple, there is a stone altar halfway up the mountain. Ping Kuang. It is said that "Xia Yu saw the goddess [12] and gave him a talisman written here." From the altar, the twelve peaks look like a barrier. On that day, the sky was clear[13], and there was no shadow in all directions[14]. However, there were a few white clouds on the Goddess Peak, like luan and crane dancing and lingering[15]. They lingered for a long time, which may be different. There were hundreds of people in the temple. Li Yi, the governor of Kuizhou in the Tang Dynasty, said in his poem about sending guests off to welcome guests, "It's lucky to have more than one group of birds." Near the first year of Qiandao, it suddenly failed to arrive, and now there is absolutely no crow. I don’t know why.

The Boqingshui Cave is extremely deep. The back door comes out from behind the mountain, but it is dark and water flows through it, so few people can enter it. Praying for rain during the year of drought is a good response. [

Translation

On the 23rd, I passed the Ningzhen Temple in Wushan and paid a visit to the ancestral hall of Miao Yongzhenren. The real person is what everyone calls the Wushan Goddess. The ancestral hall is facing Wushan Mountain. The peaks are so high that they reach into the sky, while the foot of the mountain plunges directly into the river. People who discussed it said that Mount Tai, Huashan, Hengshan and Lushan were not as unique as Wushan. However, not all of the twelve peaks can be seen. Among the eight or nine peaks that can be seen, only the Goddess Peak is slim, slender, steep and ever-changing, and is indeed suitable as the incarnation of the Goddess. The person who presided over the sacrifice in the temple said: "Every year on the night of August 15th, when the moon is bright, you can hear beautiful orchestral music. Walking back and forth on the top of the mountain, you can hear the cries of the apes on the mountain, which gradually fades away at dawn. Stop." Behind the temple, there is a stone altar halfway up the mountain, which is relatively flat. Legend has it that "Xia Yu met the goddess, and it was here that the goddess gave the talisman to Yu." Looking at the twelve peaks from the stone altar, they look like barriers. On this day, the sky was clear, and there was no cloud or smoke around. There were only a few white clouds on the Goddess Peak, like phoenixes and white cranes dancing and walking there, and they did not disperse for a long time. It was also a very strange phenomenon.

Word explanation

[1] Wushan: In today’s Wushan County, Chongqing City. The section of the Yangtze River from the mouth of Daning River in East Wushan County to Guandu in Badong, Hubei Province is called Wu Gorge. Because the Yangtze River crosses the limestone layer of Wushan's main vein, the canyon is particularly winding and deep, with the peaks all over 1,000 meters above sea level. The famous Twelve Peaks of Wushan are juxtaposed along this section of the river. Ningzhen Temple: The Temple of the Goddess, located under the Feifeng Peak of Wushan Mountain. According to "Yuan Yi Tong Zhi": "Yifeng of the Tang Dynasty (the reign name of Gaozong) first built the Temple of Goddess, and Xuanhe of the Song Dynasty (the reign name of Huizong) changed it to Ningzhen Temple."

[2] Miao Yong Zhenren : A title given to the Wushan Goddess by later generations.

[3] Wushan Goddess: According to the "Old Biography of Xiangyang Qi" written by Jin Dynasty Xi Chizhi: "The daughter of Chidi (one of the five emperors in ancient legends) is called Yao Ji. She is not married (unmarried). ) died and was buried in the sun of Wushan, so she was called the daughter of Wushan. King Huai of Chu traveled to Gaotang and slept during the day. He dreamed of meeting a god and claimed to be the daughter of Wushan. The king was lucky enough to see her in the south of Wushan. , the title is Chaoyun." (Quoted by Li Shan in "Selected Works: Gaotang Fu")

[4] Two sentences of "peaks and mountains": describe the dangerous and steep mountains and hills of Wushan Mountain. "Xiaohan", Yunxiao and Tianhe, refers to the sky.

[5] Discussor: The person who discusses. Taihua: Huashan Mountain in Xiyue, located in Huayin, Shaanxi Province. Heng: That is Nanyue Hengshan, located in Hengshan, Hunan. Lu: That is Lushan, Jiangxi.

[6] Twelve Peaks: The Twelve Peaks of Wushan. According to "Fangyu Shenglan", their names are: Wangxia, Cuiping, Chaoyun, Songluan, Jixian, Ju Crane, Jingtan, Rising, Rising Clouds, Flying Phoenix, Climbing Dragon, and Holy Spring are all on the north bank of the Yangtze River. Invisible: It means that if you look from a distance on the river, you cannot see all the twelve peaks. Su Che's "Wushan Fu" said: "There are twelve peaks in a row, nine of them are visible and three are unknown."

[7] Goddess Peak: That is Wangxia Peak. Slender and strangely steep: delicate and slender, steep and ever-changing.

[8] "Suitable for" sentence: It means that it is indeed suitable to be the incarnation of the goddess. Xianzhen refers to the goddess of Wushan. To turn around, to incarnate.

[9] Zhu Shi: The person who presides over sacrifices in the temple.

[10] The sound of silk and bamboo: refers to beautiful orchestral music.

[11] Dadan: Until dawn.

12] Two sentences of "Xia Yu": This is another legend about the goddess of Wushan. According to records in "Yixue Jiyi" and "Yongcheng Collection of Immortals", the goddess returned from visiting the East China Sea and passed by Wushan. At that time, Xia Yu was stationed at the foot of Wushan Mountain to control floods, so the goddess ordered her maid to give the "Jade Seal Book" (the "talisman book" mentioned in this article) to Xia Yu, and sent some of her subordinates to help Xia Yu.

[13] Tianyu Qingji: The sky is clear.

[14] Wu Xianyi (yì): There is no cloud or smoke at all.

[15] Luan: A bird like the phoenix in old legends.

[16] Ye: Please see you, see you.

[17] Ran: But, but.

I don’t know if this is what you want to ask 2. The translation of the classical Chinese text "Wu Gorge" by Li Daoyuan in "Shui Jing·Jiang Shui Zhu". Urgent.

From the Three Gorges, the total length is 700 meters From the inside, the mountains on both sides are connected without any interruption. The mountains are overlapping and continuous, blocking the sun and the sky. If it is not noon and night, you will never see the sun and the moon. In summer, the floods surge. When we were all over the mountains, we were blocked both up and down. Sometimes the emperor's edict was urgently needed to be conveyed. So, even though it was more than 1,200 miles from Baidi to Jiangling, we would start in the morning and arrive in the evening. Even if you ride a galloping horse, the driver is not so fast in the strong wind. In spring and winter, the white rapids and green deep pools swirl around the clear waves, reflecting the scenery on both sides. Many species of flowers grow on the high peaks. Strange cypress trees, waterfalls flowing down from cliffs, with flying flowers splashing among the peaks and woods. Clear water, luxuriant trees, high mountains and lush grass, it is a lot of fun. In the early autumn mornings when the sun sets and there is frost, the woods are desolate and calm. , the mountain stream is silent, the long cry of the ape cries lasts for a long time, the miserable sound is abnormal, echoing in the valley for a long time, so the fishermen say: "The Badong Three Gorges Wu Gorge is the longest. After hearing the sound of the ape, my tears were wet Clothes... 3. Translation of Wushan Goddess' classical Chinese text

Shui Jing Zhuan Volume 34 Rivers

Original text

The river flows eastward to the Wu Gorge ①. It was dug to connect the river. Guo Zhongchan ② said: According to "Geography", Wushan is in the southwest of the county, and now there is Wushan in the east of the county, so the river and the county are located in the east of the gorge. This mountain collapsed in the twelfth year of Emperor Yongyuan of the Han Dynasty, and again in the second year of Taiyuan of the Jin Dynasty. On the day of the collapse, the water flowed back for more than a hundred miles and surged up to tens of feet. , or just like a house, if there are many of them, they are all fallen from the cliff, causing angry turbulence, so it is called the new collapsed beach. Compared with the other ridges, there are more than ten mountains below. There is the Great Wushan Mountain, which is not only found in the Three Gorges, but also has the peaks of Min and E, the mountains of Heng and Yi, and its wings are surrounded by mountains and blue clouds. Tu's place. "The Book of Mountains and Seas" says: Meng Tu, a minister of Qi in the late Xia Dynasty, was in Ba. The people of Ba sued Meng Tu's place. Those who had blood on their clothes held it and asked for their lives. In the west of Danshan ⑩. Guo Jingchun said: Danshan is in Danyang and belongs to Ba. Danshanxi is also the place where the emperor’s daughter lives. Song Yu’s so-called third daughter of the emperor, named Yao Ji, died before she left. The sun in Wushan is the grass, and the so-called daughter of Gaotang is the cloud in the sky, and the rain is in the morning and evening, and it is as it is when viewed from the balcony. The name of the temple is Chaoyunyan. It is called Wu Gorge from the beginning to the end.

Notes

① Wu Gorge: one of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. . It starts from the mouth of Daning River in Wushan County, Chongqing City, and ends at Guandukou, Badong County, Hubei Province.

② Guo Zhongchan: Kubu Lang, Shangshu of the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote "The Story of Xiangyang" and "The Story of Nanyongzhou". 》etc.

③箪(dān): a round bamboo vessel used for serving rice in ancient times.

④Decayan: a fallen rock. Remainder: What's left.

⑤Feiwei: Not just.

⑥奕: Same, equal. Heng: That is Hengshan, the Nanyue among the Five Mountains. The main part is located in Nanyue District, Hengyang City, Hunan Province and Hengshan and Hengyang counties. Doubt: It is Jiuyi (yí) Mountain, located in the south of Ningyuan County in present-day Hunan Province.

⑦ Just: get close. Xiaohan: Sky.

⑧After the Xia Dynasty: Qi, the son of Dayu, the king of the Xia Dynasty, established the first slavery regime in the history of our country.

⑨ If there is blood on the clothes, hold it: Guo Puyun, if it is not straight, blood will be seen on the clothes.

⑩Danshan: Wushan.

Danyang: in the southeast of Zigui County, Hubei Province today.

OK: Get married.

The resistance of Gaotang: One work is "The Concubine of Gaotang".

Xingyu: wandering raindrops. Translation

The river continues to flow eastward, passing through the Wu Gorge, which was dug by Du Yu to dredge the river. Guo Zhongchan said: According to "Geography", Wushan is in the southwest of Wu County, but now there is Wushan in the east of the county. Perhaps this is because the address of the county seat is often moved and changed. The river flows eastward through the mountain gorge and passes through Xinbengtan. In the twelfth year of Emperor Yongyuan of the Han Dynasty (100), a landslide occurred here, and in the second year of the Jin Taiyuan year (367), there was another landslide. On the day of the landslide, the river flowed back for more than a hundred miles, and the water surged up to tens of feet. Now there are many huge rocks on the beach, as round as rice baskets and as square as houses. They have all collapsed from the cliff, causing the rapids to roar and roar, so it is called the New Collapse Beach. The stone peaks left after the collapse appear to be quite high compared with many other mountains. More than ten miles downstream is Dawu Mountain. This mountain is not only taller than the Three Gorges, it can compete with Minshan and Emeishan, and compare with Hengshan and Jiuyishan. The surrounding mountains are all high. Entering the blue clouds, only by climbing to the sky can you tell their height. Dawu Mountain is the residence of Mengtu, the god of justice. "The Book of Mountains and Seas" says: Meng Tu, a minister of Xia Qi, became the god of justice in Ba. People from Ba came to Meng Tu's residence to complain. He only caught people with blood stains on their clothes and never killed innocent people indiscriminately. Have the virtue of living well. He lives in the mountains, west of Dan Mountain. Guo Jingchun said: Danshan is in Danyang and belongs to Bajun. Danshanxi is Wushan.

In addition, the daughter of the Red Emperor also lives here. She is the youngest daughter of the Emperor of Heaven as mentioned by Song Yu, named Yao Ji. She died before she got married and was buried in the south of Wushan. Her spirit turned into grass and formed Ganoderma lucidum. This is the so-called Wushan goddess who lives in the dangerous place of Gaotang. She is the floating clouds in the morning and the wandering rain in the evening. She is under the balcony every morning and evening. Early the next morning, the King of Chu got up and saw that it was exactly what the goddess said, so he built a temple for her and called it Chaoyun. The gorge is one hundred and sixty miles long from the beginning to the end, and is called Wu Gorge, probably named after the mountain. 4. Notes on the Three Gorges in classical Chinese

Since: From, here it means "in". Three Gorges: refers to the Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge between Chongqing and Hubei provinces in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The actual full length of the Three Gorges Only more than four hundred miles. Jiwu: nothing. Que: "missing", empty. Zhang (zhàng): high mountain peaks like a barrier. Stop noon: one is "Ting Wu", noon. Night minutes: midnight. Dawn ( xī): Sunlight. This refers to the sun. Xia Shui Xiangling: In summer, the water rises above Gaoling. Or: Sometimes. King's order: An announcement from the imperial court. Xuan: Announce, convey. Zhaofa Baidi: Set off from Baidi City in the morning. Baidi: The name of the city, in Fengjie County, Chongqing City. Jiangling: Today's Jiangling County, Hubei Province. Ben: Running fast horse. Yufeng: driving the wind. With: here is regarded as "like". Suturun: white rapids. Green pool: green pool. Huiqing: swirling clear waves. Jueju (yǎn): extremely High mountain peaks. Gong, sunken tops. Feishu: flying currents rushing down. Xuanquan: spring water flowing down from the top of the mountain. Feixing: rushing rapids. Washing, spraying. Qingrong Junmao: clear water, trees Rong (luxuriant), the mountain is high, the grass is in bloom. Qingchu: the sky is just clear. Shuangdan: the morning of frost. Genus (zhǔ): verb. Introduction: prolongation. Desolate: desolate and strange. Sadness and sadness: sadness is gentle and will disappear after a long time. . Badong: the name of Han County, in the area of ??Yunyang and Fengjie in what is now Chongqing. Zhan: to get wet. Zi: from. Que: Tongqi, gap. Zi: always, never. Fei: not, less than. Tingwu: noon Xi: Sun Xiang: Surround (Historical Records. The Chronicles of the Five Emperors: Floods in the Yao Dynasty: "Tangtang floods are surging to the sky, and the vastness embraces the mountains and Xianglings") along: along (the same meaning as the current "along") Sui: against the current: cut off or : sometimes toward: run in the morning: fast horse Yu: ride (horse), ride (car), here is "ride the wind" to: think of speed: fast element: white turbulence: turbulence. whirlpool: whirling clear: clear wave : high and steep 嘘: cliff wash: flow Rong: prosperous (luxuriant trees) Mao: lush Liang: "many" means, a lot. Shuangdan: frosty morning austere: quiet high: high place citation: Absolutely sad: disappearing. The Three Gorges Li Daoyuan is seven hundred miles away from the Three Gorges. There are mountains on both sides of the Three Gorges, and there is no gap; the mountains are stacked on top of each other, hiding the sky and blocking out the sun. From Feiting at midnight, there is no light or moon. As for Xiashui Xiangling, along the trace Blocked. Or the king's order was urgently announced. Sometimes the White Emperor would go to the White Emperor in the morning and arrive at Jiangling in the evening. During the period of 1,200 miles, even if he rode against the wind, he would not be sick. In spring and winter, the green pool would be turbulent, and the reflection of the clear water would disappear. There grow many grotesque cypresses in the valley, with hanging springs and waterfalls flying between them. They are clear and luxuriant, and they are full of fun. Every sunny day to the first frost in the cold woods and quiet streams, there is often the sight of a tall ape screaming, which is very bleak and strange. For a long time, the fishermen sang: "The Badong Three Gorges Wu Gorge is long, and the apes cry three times and shed tears on their clothes!" Translation: In the 700-mile river flow of the Three Gorges, the mountains on both sides are continuous without any interruption; there are many Cliffs, layers of cliffs, obscure the sky. If it is not noon and midnight, the sun and moon cannot be seen. In summer, when the river rises to the hills, the downward and upward navigation routes are blocked and impassable. Sometimes encounters The emperor's orders must be conveyed quickly. He set out from Baidi City in the morning and arrived at Jiangling in the evening. The two places were more than 1,200 miles apart! Even riding a horse or riding the wind, it's not as fast as this. In spring and winter, the white rapids, deep green pools, and swirling clear waves reflect the shadows of all kinds of scenery. There were grotesquely grotesque cypress trees, with suspended springs and waterfalls crashing through them. The water was clear, the trees were in full bloom, the mountains were high, and the grass was abundant, it was full of fun. On sunny days or frosty mornings, the woods and mountain streams were cool and quiet, and there was always a sense of tranquility. The apes in the high places screamed loudly, and the sounds were continuous and desolate. The echoes of the apes' calls came from the empty valley. They were sad and gentle, and they disappeared after a long time. Therefore, the fisherman's song in the Three Gorges goes: "The Badong Three Gorges and the Wu Gorge are long, The ape cried three times and shed tears on his clothes!" 5. Classical Chinese translation of Wushan Goddess Li Daoyuan

Translation of "Wushan Goddess":

The river continues to flow eastward through the Wu Gorge, which was dug by Du Yu to dredge the river. . Guo Zhongchan said: According to "Geography", Wushan is in the southwest of Wu County, but now there is Wushan in the east of the county. Perhaps this is because the address of the county seat is often moved and changed.

The river flows eastward through the mountain gorge and passes through Xinbengtan. In the twelfth year of Emperor Yongyuan of the Han Dynasty (100), a landslide occurred here, and in the second year of the Jin Taiyuan year (367), there was another landslide. On the day of the landslide, the river flowed back for more than a hundred miles, and the water surged up to tens of feet. Now there are many huge rocks on the beach, as round as rice baskets and as square as houses. They have all collapsed from the cliff, causing the rapids to roar and roar, so it is called the New Collapse Beach.

Compared with many other mountains, the stone peaks left behind after the collapse are still quite high.

More than ten miles downstream is Dawu Mountain. This mountain is not only taller than the Three Gorges, it can compete with Minshan and Emeishan, and compare with Hengshan and Jiuyishan. The surrounding mountains are all high. Entering the blue clouds, only by climbing to the sky can you tell their height.

Dawu Mountain is the residence of Mengtu, the god of justice. "The Book of Mountains and Seas" says: Meng Tu, a minister of Xia Qi, became the god of justice in Ba. People from Ba came to Meng Tu's residence to complain. He only caught people with blood stains on their clothes and never killed innocent people indiscriminately. Have the virtue of living well. He lives in the mountains, west of Dan Mountain. Guo Jingchun said: Danshan is in Danyang and belongs to Bajun.

Danshanxi is Wushan. In addition, the daughter of the Red Emperor also lives here. She is the youngest daughter of the Emperor of Heaven as mentioned by Song Yu, named Yao Ji. She died before she got married and was buried in the south of Wushan. Her spirit turned into grass and formed Ganoderma lucidum. This is the so-called Wushan goddess who lives in the dangerous place of Gaotang. She is the floating clouds in the morning and the wandering rain in the evening. She is under the balcony every morning and evening.

Early the next morning, the King of Chu got up and saw that it was indeed what the goddess said, so he built a temple for her and called it Chaoyun. The gorge is one hundred and sixty miles long from the beginning to the end, and is called Wu Gorge, probably named after the mountain.

Original text of "The Goddess of Wushan":

The river flows eastward into Wu Gorge. Du Yu dug it to connect the river. Guo Zhongchan said: According to "Geographical Records", Wushan is in the southwest of the county, but now there is Wushan in the east of the county, so there is no permanent way to govern the county and the county. There is a newly collapsed beach in the east of the gorge of the river. This mountain collapsed in the twelfth year of Emperor Yongyuan of the Han Dynasty, and again in the second year of Taiyuan of the Jin Dynasty. On the day of the collapse, the water flowed back for more than a hundred miles and surged up to tens of feet.

There are stones on the beach today, which may be as round as a basket or as square as a house. If there are many of them, they have all fallen from the cliff and caused angry turbulence, so it is called the new beach. The rest of the ruined rocks are still comparable to those of other ridges. More than ten miles below it is the Great Wu Mountain, which is not only found in the Three Gorges, but also has the peaks of Min and E, and the mountains of Heng and Yi, with its wings attached to the mountains and the blue clouds, and even to the sky, you can distinguish its advantages and disadvantages.

The location of the god Mengtu. "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" says: Meng Tu, a minister of Qi in the Xia dynasty, was the chief minister in Ba. The people of Ba sued Meng Tu's place. If there was blood on his clothes, he would hold it and ask for his life. Living in the mountains, in the west of Danshan. Guo Jingchun said: Danshan is in Danyang and belongs to Ba.

The west of Danshan Mountain is Wushan Mountain. Also, the emperor's daughter lived in Yan. Song Yu called the third daughter of the emperor of heaven, named Yaoji. She died before leaving and was sealed in the sun of Wushan Mountain. Her soul was turned into grass and her body was made into ganoderma. The so-called daughter of Wushan, the resistance of Gaotang, is like clouds in the morning and rain in the evening, morning and evening, under the balcony. If you look at it early, it will be as it says. Therefore, a temple was built with the name Chaoyunyan. The one hundred and sixty miles from the beginning to the end is called Wu Gorge, named after the mountain.

This article comes from "Shui Jing Zhu·Jiang Shui" and "Wushan Goddess" written by Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Extended information

Writing background: < /p>

The description of the mountains and rivers in "Shui Jing Zhu" has also been highly praised by future generations as a literary work. There are also shortcomings in the book: because he was from the Northern Dynasties, his records of the southern water system are a bit simple, and there are some errors.

Of course, such a magnificent masterpiece was limited by the times and conditions at the time, and it was inevitable that there would be many mistakes. Du You of the Tang Dynasty clearly pointed out his "mistakes" on the source of the Yellow River in his "Tongdian".

In addition, since it was impossible for him to conduct field investigations in remote areas and the south, there were more mistakes in this area. The citations in some places are not trustworthy, etc., but these do not damage the value of the book.

About the author:

Li Daoyuan (466 or 472--527) was a geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The word is good and long. A native of Fanyang (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province). Born into a family of officials, he also served as a central official such as Lieutenant Yushi in Pingcheng (the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty, today's Datong City, Shanxi Province) and Luoyang, and he also served as a local official many times.

He has been studious since he was a child, is well-read, and loves to travel. He has traveled to Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia and other places. Everywhere he goes, he pays attention to the topography of water flows and traces their sources. Head, and read a lot of geographical works, accumulated a wealth of geographical knowledge.