Guangdong Guangfu immigrants

The genealogy of Guangfu surnames mostly records that their ancestors came from Nanxiong Zhuji Lane, which is an important foothold for northern Han people to come to Guangdong. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, some Han people crossed Yuling and entered northern Guangdong. During the Tang and Five Dynasties, people went to Yuling and settled in Nanxiong Basin. After Zhang Jiuling was ordered to dig Dayuling, Dayuling replaced Gui Xiang Corridor and Qitianling and became an important post road to enter Lingnan. There were two great migrations in the Song Dynasty, one at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty; At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, they all moved from Nanxiong to the Pearl River Basin.

Zuzu former residence Zhuji lane

Many Cantonese people, as long as they talk about their ancestors, say they are from Nanxiong Zhujixiang. Zhuji Lane, a street in Nanxiong County, is about 40 miles north of Meiguan. The whole Zhuji Lane is about 1 Li Long. There are Zhang, Lei and Zhou surnames in Zhuji. Zhang has lived here the longest. According to legend, in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang's ancestor once settled here, which was called Xiang at that time. Zhang Zhe's sons, Zhang Hang and Tang Jingzong, lived with Zhang Jia VII, but after Tang Jingzong's death, Zhang Ren was called Zhuji Lane, because the name of the lane was the same as that of the temple. In order to avoid taboo, it should be called Zhuji Lane.

Another way of saying it: At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, a large number of people moved south, especially at the end of the Song Dynasty, passing through Jiangxi and Yuemeiling, reaching Nanxing and living in the countryside. Many people come from the detailed place of Kaifeng, namely Zhuji Lane. They don't forget their homeland, so the village where they temporarily live in Nanxiang is also called Zhuji Lane. As a result, Zhujixiang became the ancestral home of many ethnic surnames in Guangdong.

Guangfu people were mainly assimilated by early immigrants and Guyue people. The cultural characteristics of Guangfu ethnic group are the most prominent in the Pearl River Delta, which is not only inherited from ancient South Vietnam, but also influenced by Chinese culture in the Central Plains. Influenced by western culture and colonial economic factors, Guangfu ethnic group has multiple levels and components. The Xijiang River, Beijiang River Basin and Pearl River Delta, where Guangfu people live, are the earliest areas where feudal culture developed in Guangdong. After the Song Dynasty, the development of the Pearl River Delta has begun to take shape. By the Ming Dynasty, it was a famous production base of grain and various cash crops in Lingnan at that time, and the Jitang agriculture in Shunde, Nanhai, Zhongshan and Panyu was world-famous. Multi-level agricultural economic structure, supported by Guangzhou, a world trade port, has a broad market for agricultural and sideline products and handicrafts, with active production and marketing. In the late Ming Dynasty, the commercialization tendency of agricultural production in the Pearl River Delta became increasingly obvious, and it became the most active, commodity-conscious and anti-traditional area in Lingnan. The emerging industries in Guangdong's modern industry mainly rose from the Pearl River Delta at the end of 19. Economic development has promoted the prosperity of culture. Since the Song Dynasty, the Pearl River Delta region has been in a dominant position of talents in the province. Guangzhou, the central city of Guangfu culture, has been the political, economic and cultural center of Guangdong and even Lingnan since ancient times. Architecture, art, religion, drama,

Due to the constant contact and communication with overseas cultures since at least the Han Dynasty, Guangfu ethnic group is the most open among the three ethnic groups. They are more likely to accept new things from outside, dare to absorb, imitate and learn from western material civilization and spiritual civilization, and integrate traditional culture with them. Guangfu people also have the spirit of struggle to explore and try. They have a broader vision, broader thinking, strong commodity awareness and values, and are smart and good at calculation. They created a diversified agricultural commodity economy in the Pearl River Delta, and the "Guangbang merchants" with Guangfu as the backbone began to enjoy a good reputation throughout the country since the middle of the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, it also brings the negative effects of speculation and philistinism, as well as a strong sense of fatalism. For example, businessmen in Guangfu generally worship Guan Gong as the God of Wealth, while people in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao are superstitious about fate and worship ghosts and gods. Commodity consciousness not only pervades people's daily life, but also often restricts people's value orientation and behavior goals. People pay more attention to economic interests, and the internal cohesion of clans is relatively weak. ?

Influenced by overseas advanced cultural ideas, especially modern western countries, Guangfu people are the first to enter the times and have a strong civic character, adventurous and innovative temperament, so their resistance and struggle are particularly strong. In the modern history of China, there are many elites, who have the most precious personality trait of "being the first in the world" in overthrowing the feudal monarchy, establishing a new China, reforming and opening up, and developing the economy. (End)

Hakka culture: Hakka is a family in the world.

History clearly shows that the migration of Hakkas is mostly from the densely populated Central Plains area with relatively developed culture and economy to the remote and wild areas with sparse population and backward economy. These Hakka ancestors from the Han nationality in the Central Plains, in the process of creating new homes through hard work, constantly merged with the southern Baiyue ethnic groups (mainly She, Li, Yao and other ethnic groups), which not only formed a stable social group, but also created a unique Hakka culture. On the one hand, they maintained the mainstream characteristics of the Central Plains culture, always advocated orthodox Chinese culture, advocated the inheritance of poetry and rites, attached great importance to the complete preservation of tradition, culture, language and customs, and closely United with the same lifestyle, customs, beliefs and concepts; On the other hand, he is good at absorbing nutrients from local ethnic minorities and accommodating the cultural essence of local ethnic groups. The most striking features of Hakka culture are:

Advocating China orthodox culture. If you have the opportunity to open the genealogy of Hakka, or look at the couplets of Hakka houses, you will find that every household has a county view of the Central Plains. Such as Chen from Yingchuan, Li from Longxi, Lang Xie from Taiyuan, Xie He from Chenjun, He from Lujiang, Huang from Jiangxia and Yang from Hongnong. Although some records of this genealogy can't stand scrutiny, it shows that Hakka people are proud to come from the Central Plains from the bottom of their hearts. In the process of migration and development, generations of Hakkas have overcome all kinds of difficulties and built their own new homes with the spirit of "respecting the truth". Take the new Hakka immigrants in Taiwan Province Province as an example. On the one hand, they rely on and carry forward Hakka local culture such as "selling ancestral fields instead of ancestral words" and stubbornly follow the dialect accent; And according to the form of family and clan in hometown, the family and clan were reorganized, and the residential buildings also followed the form of hometown. On the other hand, it abides by the etiquette and music education of Chinese culture and carries forward the fine tradition of patriotism and love for the nation. When the Netherlands, France and Japan invaded Taiwan Province Province, they adhered to the national justice, held high the banner of patriotism and species protection, and waged a life-and-death struggle with the invaders. A large number of people with lofty ideals such as Liu Yongfu, Qiu, Wu Tangxing, Xu Xiang and Jiang Shaozu emerged, adding luster to the Hakka people and the Chinese nation! Nowadays, many overseas Chinese who have succeeded in starting a business feel that they have benefited from the spirit of worshipping truth in Hakka when summing up their success. In order to make future generations accept and carry forward the spirit of worshipping the truth of Hakka forever, they took their descendants back to their ancestral home in Chinese mainland and even the birthplace of the Central Plains again and again, and launched the second public sacrifice to the Hakka Mother River.

Chongwen attaches importance to education and studies family heirlooms. Hakka people attach great importance to scholars, and there is a saying that wool is the best scholar. In the eyes of Hakkas, the only way to change the situation is to study hard in the rain, be the number one scholar and take the road of official career. Only by studying can we realize the dream of "being a Tian Shelang and an emperor at dusk", join the ranks of officials, and realize their ideals of self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. Therefore, no matter how difficult the family is, even if it is begging, it is necessary for children to study. As a Hakka, Zhu De wrote in Memory of Mother: "My family is a tenant farmer and my ancestral home is Shaozhou, Guangdong. Hakkas ... originally had no money to study ... The tuition fee was borrowed from the east and borrowed from the west, and it cost more than 200 yuan. It was not until I became the commander of the National Defence Force that I paid it off. " In order to make their children flourish and shine brilliantly, Hakkas often concentrate the strength of the whole family and clan to train their children to study. People who have been to Hakka areas will surely find that there are many stone flagpoles in front of family ancestral temple, which proves that Hakka people respect and respect education. Those stone flagpoles are the symbol of raising people and scholars among the children of the clan. How many flagpoles there are shows how many people in the clan have won the fame of being a juren and a scholar.

Help each other and advocate thrift. Hakka people pay attention to the word "righteousness", that is, sharing weal and woe. They believe that if they want to gain a foothold in the new guest house, they must face many difficulties, and unity and mutual assistance are particularly important. Therefore, they advocate "the Hakka family in the world" and demand the sincere unity of the same clan living in different places. And believe in "one hero and three gangs, one person is worth ten people" and "helping others, turning stones into fermented beans". Because Hakkas advocate unity, the ancient style of using the word "bang" is still preserved in Hakkas wedding and funeral red and white posts until today. Hakkas can bear hardships, and "carrying a pole around the world" is a true portrayal of their tenacious spirit. Hakka people also advocate the virtue of thrift. There is a proverb: "The corner of the mountain is covered with new clothes", which means that Hakka people put old clothes on new clothes and protect them with old clothes. This shows how frugal the life of Hakka people is.

Chaoshan Culture: Jews in China

The roots of overseas hipsters are in Chaoshan area of Guangdong (with Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang in Guangdong as the center). Chaozhou people, who lives in this area, is a branch of the Han nationality and has a unique cultural outlook. We call the culture created by chaozhou people "Chaoshan culture" and define it as follows:

First of all, Chaoshan culture is a regional subculture of Chinese culture, which was gradually formed in the long historical development process under the influence of natural environmental conditions in Chaoshan area.

Chaoshan is located in the southeast corner of Chinese mainland, the easternmost part of Guangdong Province and adjacent to Fujian Province, with a total area of 65,438+00,346 square kilometers. Generally speaking, the terrain is high in the northwest, low in the southeast, mountainous and hilly in the northeast and northwest, and vast in the southeast, forming a small area with relatively closed inland and long coastline. This landform has played a considerable role in the formation of Chaoshan culture.

Secondly, Chaoshan culture contains many cultural characteristics, which constitutes a system different from the She culture, Hakka culture and other surrounding regional cultures in the same region. Among these cultural characteristics, language is the most distinctive. Therefore, we understand Chaoshan culture as a cultural identity created by people who speak Chaoshan dialect.

Thirdly, Chaoshan culture is a dynamic and open system. Its formation process is a process in which local indigenous culture and immigrant culture have influenced each other, absorbed each other and gradually merged. Since its establishment, Chaoshan culture has spread overseas due to the migration of Chaoshan people, while absorbing other cultural factors and developing continuously.

Chaoshan area is small and densely populated, and there are great contradictions among population, resources and environment. The fierce competitive environment has cultivated the creative, pioneering and adventurous spirit of Chaoshan people. Many people go abroad to make a living, forming a social atmosphere, intensive farming, elaborate handicrafts, and even careful planning in business. They are well-known at home and abroad and are known as "Jews in China". In the mid-Qing Dynasty, the famous Guangbang merchants were mainly composed of Guangzhou Gang and Chaozhou Gang. Chaozhou merchants have done a lot of business in the southeast coast of China and Jiangxi, and they are also influential in Thailand and Singapore. A strong sense of commodity is an advantageous cultural potential of Chaoshan people, which enables them to travel all over urban and rural areas and penetrate all walks of life, especially during the period of reform and opening up. ? After Qin and Han Dynasties, China culture expanded to Lingdong. During the Jin and Tang Dynasties, the influence of the mainstream culture in the Central Plains gradually expanded. Chen Yuanguang pacified the spring tide and created chaos, and Han Yu became the secretariat of Chaozhou Prefecture, which was an important event in this period. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of immigrants poured in and Fujian culture moved northward, which fully developed the Chaoshan area and was an important link in the formation of Chaoshan culture. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chaoshan folk culture with distinctive features was finally formed. Due to the rapid economic development in Chaoshan area since the Song Dynasty, cultural and educational undertakings have also developed accordingly, and a large number of talents have emerged.