Briefly describe the military history of the Han Dynasty

1, Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD) The Han Dynasty appeared after the brief Qin Dynasty in the history of China, and was divided into two historical periods: the Western Han Dynasty (202-8 BC) and the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD), which later historians also called the Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty was founded by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, with Chang 'an as its capital. The Eastern Han Dynasty was founded by Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital. In the meantime, there was a brief new dynasty (AD 8-23) in which Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty and stood on his own feet. In addition, some scholars listed Shu Han as a continuation of the Han Dynasty and classified it as a part of the Han Dynasty, so that the Han Dynasty died in 263, but most of them classified the Shu Han regime established by Liu Bei as the history of the Three Kingdoms. The Han Dynasty was a great historical period in the world at that time. During the period from Emperor Gaozu to Han Wenjing, the economic strength of the Han Dynasty soared, becoming the first empire in the East, and being called two empires together with western Rome. The powers in Central Asia and the Western Regions are also frightened. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Empire had become the most powerful empire in the world, and the Xiongnu Empire was defeated and fled to the north. Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions opened up the famous "Silk Road" for the first time, and opened the channel of East-West trade. From then on, China became the center of the world trade system until the Mongolian rebellion more than 1000 years later. It is precisely because the voice of the Han Dynasty spread far and wide that foreigners began to call China "Han", and Han people were happy to call themselves that. Since then, "Han" has become the eternal name of the great Chinese nation in China. At first, in the Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bangshi judged Zhengshuo as Shuide according to the five virtues, and it was revised as Tude when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It was not until Wang Mang established a new dynasty and adopted Liu Xiang and Liu Xin's father and son that he thought that the Han Dynasty belonged to Huode. After the restoration of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Guangwu officially acknowledged this statement, and from then on, it was established that the orthodox moon of the Han Dynasty was a fire virtue, which was adopted in the historical books of the Eastern Han Dynasty and later, such as Hanshu and the History of the Three Kingdoms. Therefore, the Han Dynasty was sometimes called "Han Yan", and it was also called "Yan Liu" because the emperor of the Han Dynasty was surnamed Liu. The second unified dynasty in China was founded by Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu. Chang 'an is the capital of its early period, also known as the Western Han Dynasty and the Pre-Han Dynasty. In the later period, Luoyang was the capital, also known as the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Later Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty was a prosperous dynasty in the early feudal society of China. It inherited and consolidated the unified country that began in the Qin Dynasty, with prosperous economy, strong national strength and happy people, showing a scene of peace and prosperity. During this period, China has been standing in the world as a world power. Therefore, the Western Han Dynasty is regarded as the first golden age in the history of China. In the Western Han Dynasty, * * * spread to the 14th Emperor, which lasted 2 10 years. The Western Han Dynasty is an important period in the development history of the Chinese nation, and the core Han nationality of all ethnic groups in China appeared in this period. Since the unification of China by Qin Shihuang, the cultures of various countries infiltrated and merged in the pre-Warring States period. In the Western Han Dynasty, China gradually unified in many aspects, such as laws and regulations, language, culture and education, customs and habits, thus forming the * * * China culture. Since then, a unified Han nationality has emerged among all ethnic groups in China. Both the Han nationality and the surrounding ethnic minorities were members of the multi-ethnic countries in China in the Han Dynasty. Because of its high degree of civilization, the Han nationality has always been in a dominant position among the fraternal nationalities in China, which is the result of historical development and natural formation. Since the Han Dynasty, although the name of the dynasty has changed, the status of the Han nationality as the main ethnic group in China has never changed. 2. After the demise of the Western Han Dynasty and the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang launched a four-year Chu-Han dispute. With the help of Xiao He, Han Xin, Sean and others, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu, the overlord of Xi Chu, and officially proclaimed himself emperor in 202 BC, establishing the Han Dynasty. Although Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor in 202 BC, in order to connect with the demise of the Qin Dynasty, historians counted the years of the Western Han Dynasty from 206 BC when Liu Bang claimed to be "Hanwang", and took October as the first month of the first year of Emperor Gaozu. After Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang acceded to the throne, he adopted the advice of his uncle Sun Tong, restored etiquette, set up three public offices and nine public offices, appointed Xiao He as the prime minister, and implemented the policy of sharing interest with the people and resting quietly. Encourage production and ignore taxes. Politically, the heroes Han Xin, Chen Yi, Ying Bu were first made king. When the regime was stable, in order to prevent rebellion and consolidate the stability of imperial power, their aristocratic status was cancelled, or they were demoted or executed, and Liu's clan was changed to be king, and the oath that "Liu is not king, the world will be * * *" was made. At this time, due to years of turmoil and weak national strength, when Liu Bang attacked Xiongnu, he was besieged by Xiongnu in Deng Bai, that is, the siege of Deng Bai. Since then, the Han dynasty adopted a pro-marriage policy and exchanged marriage and treasure for the peace of the empire. So there was no war in the early Han dynasty, and the people were able to recuperate. After Liu Bang's death, Liu Ying succeeded to the throne, but during this period, Lv Hou was actually the regent. Cao Can was elected as the prime minister in the will of Emperor Lu Zun and Liu Bang, and followed Liu Bang's political policy of Huang Lao, achieving the effect of "the government can't leave the house, and the world is natural", which was praised by historians. But at the same time, Lv Hou appointed consorts and suppressed heroes, resulting in the "Zhu Lu Rebellion". After Lv Hou's death, the chaos of various roads was eradicated by the ministers headed by Zhou Bo, and the ministers embraced Liu Heng, the emperor of China. During the reign of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, he and his son Huang Lao continued to take measures to govern by doing nothing, implemented a frivolous and generous policy, and shared interests with the people. Kindness and kindness have restored the great damage caused by years of war and reduced the burden on the people. The only turmoil in this period, the "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion", occurred during the reign of Emperor Jingdi (BC 154), but it was only a few months after it was pacified by Zhou Yafu, and it did not have a substantial impact on the Han Dynasty. During this period, although the Huns invaded the Central Plains several times, they were in a relatively peaceful state most of the time, just like South Vietnam. On the other hand, the Han Dynasty continued to accumulate national strength and actively prepared for war through measures such as Ma Fuli. This period, known as the rule of cultural scenes, is the first time that China has been praised by traditional historians since it became a unified era. After Jingdi's death, his son Liu Che ascended the throne as Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (14 1-87), he adopted a series of reform measures and made great progress, which made the politics, economy and military of the Han Dynasty stronger. Politically, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty strengthened the imperial power, adopted Zhu's suggestion, and carried out favor orders, which weakened the power of the princes. Since then, the power of the vassal king can no longer pose a threat to the central government. Later, more than 100 titles were cancelled on the grounds that the contributions made by the governors were impure, which was called "the loss of Hou" in the history books. After the second incident, centralization was greatly strengthened. Culturally, the idea of "Huang Lao talks about doing nothing" in the Han Dynasty was abolished and the country was actively governed; He adopted Dong Zhongshu's suggestion and began to reuse Confucianism. Although the talents of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, and vertical and horizontal talents were used at the same time during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the adoption of Confucianism during the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made Confucianism get attention and gradually became the mainstream thought in China after two thousand years. Militarily, actively respond to the biggest foreign enemy invasion in the Han Dynasty-Xiongnu. During this period, talented generals such as Wei Qing and Huo Qubing appeared in the Han Dynasty, and finally defeated Hun Khan, making "there is no Wang Ting in the desert south". It also annexed South Vietnam and conquered North Korea, making China the first overlord in Asia and the first empire in the world. Diplomatically, Zhang Qian made two missions to the Western Regions, opening up the Silk Road. Liu Xijun, Liu and the great powers in the western regions were ruled by Er Weng's family, in order to alienate the western regions and Xiongnu, and then control the western regions. However, the Han Dynasty experienced many years of war, and the exultation of Emperor Wudi had a great impact on the economy, which led to the weakness of the national strength of the Han Dynasty and the squandering of the savings of the previous dynasty. Therefore, in his later years, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty published the famous "Imperial Decree of Luntai", hoping that he would no longer be militaristic and that the Han Dynasty would not be defeated. In order to save the economy, Liang Wudi adopted a series of policies during his reign, such as bringing coins and salt and iron under the central management, strengthening agricultural production, implementing harmony and legality, digging the White Canal, establishing equal damage leveling policy, stabilizing prices, competing with the people and strengthening the role of the state in the economy. In the later years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a famous "witchcraft disaster" occurred, and Liu Yuxin was killed. After the death of Emperor Wu, Liu Fuling, who was only eight years old, acceded to the throne to show the emperor. At the beginning of Zhao Han's accession to the throne, Shangguan Jie, Jin Ridi and Huo Guang were all supporters of Fuzheng. However, in the first year of Yuanfeng (the first 80 years), a coup broke out in Yuanfeng, and the clever emperor Zhao Han soberly killed Shangguan Jie and other rebels, thus avoiding Huo Guang's vendetta. From then on, Huo Guang assisted Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in governing the country. During the reign of Emperor Zhao, he followed the policy of Emperor Wu in his later years and continued to recuperate at home, so that the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. After the death of Emperor Zhao, Emperor Chang-ik Son and Wang Liuhe succeeded to the throne. He indulged himself and plotted to get rid of Huo Guang, but Huo Guang abolished him. Later, Huo Guang welcomed Liu Sicheng to the throne of Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty. In the first year of Benshi (73 years ago), Huo Guang was still in charge of Xuan Di. In the second year of Di Jie, Huo Guang died. But the Huo family gradually became corrupt and dark. Xuan Di eliminated the corrupt Khodorkovsky clique. Xuan Di abandoned the unrealistic Confucianism in governing the country, and adopted the policy of combining Taoism with law, followed Zhao Gaozu's example to rectify the official management, persuade the people to cultivate agriculture and mulberry, curb mergers, and reduce the role of dignitaries as their agents in the country. After Zhao Xuan's recuperation, the national economy recovered obviously, and the Han Dynasty once again ushered in a prosperous period. This is the famous Zhao Xuan Zhongxing. After Xuan Di's death, Emperor Hanyuan ascended the throne, and the Western Han Dynasty began to decline. Yuan Di was soft-hearted and good at Confucianism, which led to the decline of imperial power and the rise of consorts and eunuchs. After his death, Emperor Liu Ao ascended the throne. Emperor Cheng was a lecherous, and fell in love with Empress Xu, Ban Jieyu and Zhao's younger sisters (Zhao and Zhao Hede) successively. Because Zhao's sister was infertile, the children of Emperor Cheng and other concubines were killed by Zhao's sister, which was called "Yan pecked the emperor's grandson" in history. Because "wine invades the bone", Cheng Di finally died in the gentle country. Emperor Cheng ignored the state affairs, which provided conditions for the rise of Wang Zhaofei Group, and the power of the Queen Mother expanded rapidly. After the death of Emperor Cheng, Liu Xin, the son of Ding Tao, succeeded to the throne, mourning for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Eddie has a "cuff fetish" and hangs out with his favorite object, Dong Xian, all day, regardless of state affairs. Wang Shufei's power has been further expanded. The country has shown the image of doomsday, and folk "re-ordering" arguments abound. In August of the second year of Yuanshou, Aidi died. The Queen Mother sent Wang Mang to succeed Dong Xian as Fu and welcomed Wang Zhongshan as Emperor Han Ping. However, Liu Kan has become a puppet of follwed. Five years later, Wang Mang poisoned Pingdi, who was only 14 years old, and ushered in Liu Yuxin's accession to the throne, becoming a "fake emperor" himself. In 8 AD, Wang Mang forced the obedient baby to abdicate, established a new dynasty, and the Western Han Dynasty perished.

3. In AD 23 of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the corrupt Wang Mang regime finally perished under the chaos of red eyebrows and green forests. The outlaw hero made Liu Xuan the imperial clan emperor of the Han Dynasty, and restored the title of the Han Dynasty, the title of a new beginning. In 25 years, the Red Eyebrow Army made Liu Penzi emperor, and later defeated the outlaw hero. Later, Liu Xiu, an imperial clan of the Han Dynasty who originally belonged to the original emperor, ascended the throne in the south of Yan County (now southeast of Gaoyi, Hebei Province), destroyed Liu Penzi, became Emperor Guangwu, and adopted the title of Han Dynasty. This year is the first year of Jianwu, with Luoyang as its capital, which is called the Eastern Han Dynasty in history. After he ascended the throne, in 37 years, he finally eliminated the separatist forces such as Chi Mei, Xiao Wei and Gongsun Shu, and achieved national reunification. When Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty abolished Wang Mang's malpractice, he maintained social stability, strengthened centralization and severely restricted consorts, which was known as "Emperor Guangwu's prosperity" in history. During the reign of Emperor Han Ming and Zhang Han, the Eastern Han Dynasty entered its heyday, nicknamed "the rule of Zhang Ming". In the second year of Zhanghe (AD 88), in October, General Dou Xian rode a chariot, led the crowd out of the fortress, broke the northern Xiongnu, climbed Yanran Mountain, wrote an inscription for Ban Gu, carved stones to praise the work, and basically swept away the threat of Xiongnu to the northern border of the Han Dynasty for hundreds of years. Buddhism was also introduced into China at this time. However, in Zhang's later period, his consorts became more and more domineering, which laid the groundwork for the decline of the Eastern Han Dynasty. 1988, Zhang Han died suddenly at the age of 3/kloc-0. Zhao, who was only ten years old, acceded to the throne as Han and Emperor. But in fact, it is Dou Taihou who manipulates state affairs, and national politics is increasingly corrupt. Dou's arrogance caused He Di's dissatisfaction. Soon, He Di, who was only 14 years old, arrested his consort Dou Xian, and her influence began to weaken. But then he entrusted the eunuch to the emperor, and the politics of the Eastern Han Dynasty became a struggle between consorts and eunuchs. However, He Di is politically diligent and a wise master. In the winter of the first year of Yuanxing, in February of 65438, He Di, who was only 27 years old, died of illness. Liu Long, the youngest son born only one hundred days ago, ascended the throne as Shang Emperor. The emperor of the Han Dynasty died after only eight months in office. He inherited the throne of Liu Hu, the son of Liu Qing, the king of Qinghe. At the beginning of his reign, the empress dowager Deng Sui ruled the country. Empress Deng kept the house diligently and appointed talented people, while limiting the family power, she also connived at the eunuch power. In the first year of Jianguang (12 1), Empress Dowager Deng died, Andi took power, and the Deng family was completely destroyed. Andi relied on consorts Song, Yan and eunuchs. Listen to the treacherous court official's words and be reckless. State affairs are fatuous. The Eastern Han Dynasty declined rapidly. In March of the fourth year of Yan Guang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty died in Yecheng. The consort Yan remained silent and supported the son of Jibei, the grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He was called the young emperor before the Han Dynasty, but he died after only 200 days in office. After the death of Shaodi, the Yan family plotted to build a puppet again, but it was broken by Sun Cheng, the servant, and the Yan family was killed. Sun Li Wang Liu Bao was Emperor Shun of Han Dynasty. In the early days of Shun Di's rule, the eunuch's power expanded, but it triggered a rebound from all walks of life. In the first year of Yangjia, Liang Na, a nobleman, was made queen. Since then, Liang's consorts began to rise, and Liang Nan's younger brother Liang Ji was appointed as a general. In August of the second year of Han 'an (143), Shun Di died, and Liu Yuxin ascended the throne at the behest of Emperor Chong. He was only 2 years old when he ascended the throne, and Queen Liang was in office. In the first year of Yongjia (145), Han Chongdi died at the age of three. On the 25th of the first month, Liang Ji made Liu Zuan emperor. The quality emperor was very clever and called Liang Ji a "overbearing general", so the quality emperor was soon killed. On the seventh day of June this year, the general made Herry Liu, the grandson of Emperor Zhang of Hanzhao, the Emperor of Han Dynasty. Emperor Heng was young, and Empress Liang continued to govern. At the beginning of Emperor Huan's reign, his power had almost no boundaries. He destroyed loyalty, enriched himself and committed various crimes. Emperor Heng was secretly dissatisfied with him. On August 10th, the second year of Yan Xi, Emperor Heng sent troops to surround Liang Zhai. And his wife both committed suicide, and Liang's consorts also fell down. Eunuchs became the new power center. Shan Chao, Huang Xu, Juyuan, Zuo Yi and Tang Heng are county magistrates; Shan Chao's food city has 20,000 households, and was later named as a general riding a car. The other four people each have ten thousand households, called Wuhou. The greed and indulgence of the five emperors eventually led to the occlusion of the first party in Yan Xi's ninth year. On December 28th, the first year of Yongkang, Emperor Huan of Han Dynasty died. Emperor Huan left no children, and Liu Hong, the great-grandson of Hejian man Liu Jinbiao, succeeded to the throne as Emperor Han Ling. At the beginning of Emperor Ling's accession to the throne, there was a fierce power struggle between consorts headed by Dou Taihou and Dou Wu and eunuchs headed by Cao Jie and Wang Fu. On the seventh day of September in the first year of Yongkang, eunuchs staged a coup and consorts were weakened. Eunuch caused the two-party occlusion in the second year of Yongkang (164). The spirit emperor himself is arrogant and extravagant. In order to make up for the public selling of officials and titles, the corruption of state affairs reached the extreme. Finally, the Yellow Scarf Uprising led by Zhang Jiao broke out in 184. Although the rebellion was quickly put down, the national strength of the Han government was greatly reduced after this battle. In addition, in order to successfully suppress the rebellion, the central government also delegated military and political power to local officials. From then on, local strongmen and clans began to stand on their own feet, which made their already strong economic strength worse. Finally, they evolved into a situation in which many strongmen and warlords, such as Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Cao Cao, Sun Jian and Dong Zhuo, were separated and competed with each other. After the death of Emperor Han Ling, Dong Zhuo came to power. After the abolition, Liu Bian, the less emperor of Han Dynasty, became the king of Hongnong and changed to Liu Xie, the emperor of Han Dynasty. After Dong Zhuo was killed by Lu Bu, the warlord regime was completely superficial, and Cao Cao, who controlled the central government, appeared. Yuan Shao, located in Hebei; Yuan Shu, Huainan; Sun Quan of Jiangdong; Liu Biao, located in Jingzhou; Liu Zhang and other troops were stationed in Yizhou. Among them, Cao Cao "held the emperor to make the princes" and crusaded against warlords in the name of the prime minister of the Han Dynasty. In the battle of Guandu, he destroyed the main force of Yuan, the biggest enemy, but at the same time he improved the power of the Han Dynasty and acted as the emperor's plenipotentiary agent in handling state affairs. At this time, the Han emperor was already in name only. Although Cao Cao tried to win over the emperor in the name of the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, it caused the resistance of various governors and thought that he was a traitor. Cao Cao had to force the Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to write a letter to punish various warlords. Although Cao Cao won Lien Chan in the early stage, Battle of Red Cliffs was defeated by Sun and Liu Lianjun and fled in a panic. Two-thirds of the potential is gradually forming. After Cao Cao's death, his son Cao Pi inherited Cao Cao's title. In 220, Cao Pi was forced to abdicate and changed his title to Wei, claiming to be himself. With the demise of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the end of the Han Dynasty, China entered the era of hegemony in three countries. 4. The territory and administrative areas of the Han Dynasty In the early days of the establishment of the Han Dynasty, there were constant rebellions in various places, and Gaozu had no time to take care of border defense. Henan was returned to the Huns. South Vietnam, Fujian and central Guizhou took the opportunity to break away from the Han Dynasty. Later, Emperor Wendi sent people to persuade the king of South Vietnam and other countries to submit, and the situation of reunification was restored. However, because Jingzhou and Hunan refused to trade, South Vietnam quickly launched an attack. At this time, it coincided with the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, when the martial arts of the Han Dynasty reached its peak, the regime of the King of South Vietnam was completely eliminated, and South Vietnam was directly managed by the central government for the first time. In 127 BC, Wei Qing attacked Xiongnu in the north, recovered northern Henan, Longxi, Beidi and Shang Jun, and set up Shuofang and Wuyuan counties. The northern boundaries of Yunzhong and Yanmen counties also expanded outward. The northern boundary of the Western Han Dynasty was pushed to the Hetao north of Yinshan Mountain. 12 1 years ago, the Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing out of Longxi to wipe out the Xiongnu tribes living in the Hexi Corridor and set up Jiuquan County on its land. Later, it was divided into Zhangye, Dunhuang and Wuwei counties. Together with Jincheng County, set up five counties of Hecheng and Hexi in Huangshui River Basin. 138 years ago, under the threat of the king of Fujian and Yue, the king of Dongou moved to the present Jianghuai Valley. 1 10 years ago, the Han Dynasty destroyed Fujian and Yue. 1 1 1 years ago, the Han Dynasty leveled South Vietnam, occupied Hainan Island and established ten counties. In the southwest, the Han Dynasty conquered other countries, and the border moved to Ailao Mountain and Gaokm Mountain in Yunnan. Northeast China perished, Wei Manchu Korea perished, and four counties in Northeast China were established. The territory of the Han empire has basically taken shape. The establishment of counties in the western regions also strengthened the control over the western regions. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, due to the decline of the empire, the royal family was in turmoil and its territory shrank. Fan Zhen and Lintun counties were abandoned in Northeast China. Southwest changed from seven counties to five counties, giving up Hainan Island and Xiang Jun. During Wang Mang's usurpation of the Han Dynasty, only the territory of the Qin Dynasty remained, and the countries in the western regions gradually lost control because of the decline of the Han Empire. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Central Plains was constantly at war. Then I gave up six counties: Dingxiang, Yunzhong, Wuyuan, Shuofang, Shang Jun and Beidi. Hetao, northern Shaanxi, northwestern Shanxi and northern Hebei successively gave up. Koguryo and Lin Yi occupied the land in northeast and south China of China. Only the southwest region extends to Dayingjiang region. Liu Bangfeng had seven different surnames in the early Han Dynasty. However, due to the constant rebellion in various places, Wang Daduo, who was recruited, was eliminated, leaving only the handle of Changsha Wang Wu. At the same time, the princes with the same surname were sealed. These kingdoms were "big or five or six counties, dozens of cities, closed to the White House and buried in the emperor". The powerful influence of local kingdoms has led to the shrinking of the areas actually controlled by the central government. During Lv Hou's time, the number of spouses increased. In the Wendi period, they were eradicated one after another, plus Liu's vassals. However, the expansion of local kingdom power poses a serious threat to the central government. Wendi accepted Jia Yi's suggestion and weakened the vassal's power by enfeoffment of land. After Emperor Jingdi ascended the throne, he adopted Chao Cuo's suggestion and directly reduced the fief of the kingdom, which triggered a strong rebound of the governors and led to the outbreak of the rebellion with the seven countries, but it soon failed. Jingdi used this to narrow the jurisdiction of various kingdoms. During the Liang Wudi period, Zhu's suggestion was adopted, and a promotion decree was implemented, stipulating that the eldest son would inherit the throne of the vassal, and all the other sons would be in a county or a township. So the kingdom has been shrinking, the Han county has been expanding, and the border county has been expanding, so the central government of the Han Dynasty has strengthened its control over local governments more and more. At the same time, the government has divided a large number of large counties. In the second year of Pingdiyuan, * * * had 103 counties and countries, and administered counties, prefectures, cities, highways and other county-level administrative regions 1587. As an administrative division, Zhou germinated and developed in the Western Han Dynasty and was announced in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Since the fifth year of Yuanfeng (BC 106), there have been thirteen lines above the county, each with a secretariat, and each line governs several counties (countries). But at this time, the administrative department is a supervision area, not a real administrative area. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were many local things. In the fifth year of Zhong Ping, the imperial court chose an important official to be the secretariat, called Zhou Mu, who was in charge of a state's army and people. The country has changed from a monitoring area to an administrative area. At this point, China's local administration has changed from the original county two-level system to the county three-level system. The thirteen states are: Li Si (Luoyang), Xuzhou (Jixian), Qingzhou (Linzi), Yuzhou (Qiaoxian), Jizhou (Gaoyi), Bingzhou (Jinyang), Youzhou (Jixian) and Yanzhou (Changyi). The first year of Xingping (194) was divided into Yongzhou. Then he died in Han, fourteen states in the country. The country has changed from a monitoring area to an administrative area.