How will humans live on Mars?

Moving to Mars has been a dream of mankind for many years. Sent to Mars since the 1960s? Sailor? By 20181165438, was it the space probe-1 that landed on Mars for the eighth time in human history? Insight? Chang 'e-9, the national aeronautics and space administration (NASA) of the United States, has detected and collected a great deal of information about the atmospheric climate, hydrogeology and geographical environment of Mars, laying the foundation for a new round of Mars exploration and manned landing program.

To this end, President Trump signed a special bill in March 20 17, allocating huge funds for NASA's Mars program in the next few fiscal years, which will increase to more than 10 billion dollars by 10, and put forward the goal of human landing on Mars in 2033.

Mars, like the earth, is located in the livable zone of the solar system, and its surface is basically a desolate desert with no life. There is no stable liquid water body above, and the atmosphere dominated by carbon dioxide is thin, dry and cold, and sandstorms often occur. Due to the lack of atmospheric protection, it seems to be bathed in deadly ultraviolet radiation.

Mars is far away from the earth and its natural conditions are harsh, so the journey of emigrating to Mars is much more difficult than Apollo's landing on the moon.

First of all, we need to pay attention to natural conditions. The surface of Mars is very terrible for the familiar life on earth with liquid water as its source. Although there is a lot of water ice at the poles, the temperature there is too low to melt. Even if it melts, liquid water will evaporate quickly, because the atmospheric density there is less than 1% of the earth's atmosphere.

The good news is that more detailed data from Mars in recent years have revealed some landforms that look like plains and the bottom of dry lakes washed by floods, and even the remains of ancient oceans. In 20 15, NASA announced that there was a small amount of groundwater on Mars. Agence France-Presse reported on 20 18 that the European Space Agency (ESA) discovered the first liquid groundwater lake on Mars. Scientists point out that modern scientific and technological means can be fully developed and utilized, and as a part of life support system, the fresh water resources needed by immigrants can be definitely solved.

Secondly, NASA is tracking the medical and health problems related to long-term low-temperature weightlessness. As a terrestrial planet, the mass of Mars is less than that of the Earth, and its surface gravity is 0.38G, which is about 2/5 of that of the Earth. In addition, Mars is a little far from the sun, with the average surface temperature of -55 degrees Celsius in winter,-133 degrees Celsius, 27 degrees Celsius in summer during the day, and the temperature difference between winter and summer is 160 degrees Celsius.

Scientists believe that the degree of weightlessness should be acceptable and overcome by human beings. With the help of modern technology, the influence of low temperature is also tolerable. The comprehensive technology needed for the artificial atmosphere system on which life on Mars depends is also being further tested.

Third, the fuel and energy needed for returning immigrants from Mars exploration. Scientists are not worried about the energy supply of Mars. They believe that at the current level of science and technology, Mars has water that can combine with carbon dioxide to produce methane on a large scale. It is a good propellant for launch vehicles and a high-quality energy source for immigrants to survive.

Of course, it takes astronauts months to travel between planets and back, and they will encounter many disasters. But once the base is established, life will not be too dangerous, because the surface of Mars is the second safest place in the solar system.

In addition, whether the life rhythm inherited in the human body adapts to the Martian environment. As we know, the rotation period of Mars is about 24.6 hours, which is 25. 19 degrees different from the axis inclination. The daily variation is similar to that of the Earth, but its period of revolution (1 Mars year) is 687 Earth days, which is about twice that of the period of revolution of the Earth.

For a long time, the life rhythm of human existence is consistent with the orderly repetition of the rhythm of the earth's time unit of spring, summer, autumn and winter, which has a vital impact on the life continuation of Martian immigrants. It is still a severe medical test whether the instinctive life rhythm of human beings can naturally adjust to the sudden change of the Martian environment.

Obviously, if human beings want to live on Mars for a long time, there should be new breakthroughs and developments in the technology needed to establish a large-scale life support system on Mars. For example, the team of American industrialist Elon Musk, in cooperation with NASA, announced his bold Mars immigration plan, and claimed that a series of technologies developed by Space Exploration Technology Company would be used to establish a Mars immigration base by 2033.

In the long run, Mars may be the planet where human beings will migrate in the future, and then we humans may usher in a moderns with a binary star of earth and fire.