The contents of American old-age insurance system are about his insurance object, payment, payment conditions, payment standards, management system and so on.

Since the promulgation of the American Social Security Law, 70 years' practice has proved that the American social endowment insurance model is a relatively successful, suitable and safe model. Compared with the "extreme left" welfare state model, the American model is more relaxed and efficient; Compared with the "extreme right" complete accumulation model, the American model is more stable and safe.

China and the United States are two important countries in the world, with roughly the same land area. The United States is the most populous country among developed countries, while China is the most populous country among underdeveloped countries. In terms of social endowment insurance system, both countries are traditional social insurance models, and both countries agree with the reform orientation of "partial" fund system. However, the market economy in the United States is very developed and mature, while the market economy in China is still in its primary stage. Therefore, by comparing the social endowment insurance systems between China and the United States, it will be of great significance for China to analyze the uniqueness and individuality of the social endowment insurance system framework, coverage, financing model, retirement age, payment standard, income detection, tax treatment, family welfare in old-age care, investment and management of social security funds, and financial budget model.

First, the basic framework of the old-age security system

The old-age security system in the United States is figuratively compared to a "three-legged bench". The first leg is the social insurance and social assistance that the government is responsible for, which is the "spiritual pillar" of American old-age security; The second leg is the employer's private pension and employee group insurance under the employer's responsibility, which is the "load subject" of American pension insurance; The third leg is personal retirement savings (such as IRA, etc. ) and personal life insurance under family responsibility, which is the self-protection part of American pension. This diversified and multi-pillar old-age insurance system greatly disperses the risk that the state (government) bears the burden of the old-age society.

In contrast, the current urban old-age security system in China is basically supported by social insurance and social assistance that the government is responsible for, while the carrying capacity from employers and family individuals is still weak. There are three main reasons: First, the market economy "age" of China enterprises is too small, and their overall profitability (especially international competitiveness) is weak, and their ability to provide benefits for employees is not strong; Secondly, the construction of enterprise annuity system in China is relatively slow. At present, only a few enterprises have established enterprise annuity plans for employees. Third, China's per capita GDP is only US$ 2,000 (US$ 40,000), and households' savings for retirement purposes or individuals' ability to buy commercial life insurance is also very weak, which directly leads to the low level of national self-protection. Therefore, China citizens (mainly urban residents) can basically only rely on the state's social endowment insurance. From the perspective of institutional structure, it is obviously necessary to disperse the risk of excessive pressure on the social endowment insurance of our government as soon as possible.

Second, the coverage of social endowment insurance.

The old-age insurance plan in the United States is a bundled compound old-age insurance plan called OASDI (Old Age, Survivor and Disability Insurance). It includes not only endowment insurance, but also survivor insurance and disability insurance based on endowment insurance. In other words, the social endowment insurance in the United States includes not only the insured's own endowment insurance, but also the joint endowment insurance of the insured's spouse (even if divorced), minor children (including adult disabled children), parents (supported by the insured), survivors (family members left behind after the insured's death) and others. (See Section VIII below for details)

In addition, OASDI is a compulsory social insurance plan with a high level of overall planning, which is directly coordinated by the federal government throughout the United States. Anyone who can earn salary must participate in OASDI plan and pay salary tax according to law. Specifically, the people covered by OASDI include employees of private enterprises, federal civil servants, employees of non-profit religious, charitable and educational organizations, employees of state and local governments, self-employed people (that is, freelancers or self-employed people), farmers, farm workers, family workers, employees who receive tips, priests, active servicemen, railway workers and foreign employees.

In China, the social endowment insurance plan is also a compulsory plan, but its coverage is far less than that of the American OASDI. China's basic old-age insurance initially only covered state-owned enterprises and urban collective enterprises and their employees. From 65438 to 0999, China extended the coverage of basic old-age insurance to foreign-invested enterprises, urban private enterprises and other urban enterprises and their employees. Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government may, according to local actual conditions, stipulate that urban individual industrial and commercial households should be included in the basic old-age insurance. In 2002, China extended the coverage of basic old-age insurance to urban flexible employees. At present, this plan is mainly implemented in various enterprises in cities and towns, but it cannot cover other people and farmers in rural areas.

Obviously, in the coverage of old-age insurance, both China and the United States have adopted the "selective principle" rather than the "universal principle", and both countries have given priority to the "working class". This will also form the institutional basis for the mutual reference of the two countries' pension insurance models.

At the same time, American investment immigrants should also consider investment immigration conditions, new investment immigration policies, investment immigration costs, investment immigration risks and so on.