On reservoir resettlement

The contradiction between population and land in the reservoir area is prominent, and the problem of food shortage is very serious. According to the survey, there are still quite a few immigrants from old reservoirs whose per capita arable land is below 0.03hm2, with poor land, poor water conservancy facilities and low grain output, and the problem of food shortage for immigrants is very serious.

2 poor infrastructure and poor living conditions. Most of the resettlement sites are located in the reservoir area and mountainous areas, with poor natural conditions and limited capital investment and problem solving. There are still quite a few basic conditions for immigrants to survive, such as drinking water, transportation, electricity, schooling for their children, medical care and housing.

There are frequent natural disasters in the resettlement area, and the ability to resist them is fragile. Because most resettlement areas are located in reservoir areas with poor natural conditions, sloping fields or gully low-lying areas, natural disasters are very frequent.

The economic development in immigrant areas is slow, and the income gap between immigrants and non-immigrants is gradually widening. From 1992 to 1999, the per capita income of immigrants from old reservoirs directly under the central government increased at an average annual rate of 1 1.8%. In the same period, the average annual income of farmers in China increased by 16.0%. The gap between reservoir immigrants and non-immigrants has not narrowed, but has further increased.

5 Soil and water conservation and ecosystem protection in resettlement areas are poor. For a long time, due to the tendency of "attaching importance to economic construction and neglecting environmental construction" in resettlement areas, there are over-exploitation or improper mining methods, the quantity and quality of resources are declining, and the conditions for development and utilization are getting worse and worse. Serious ecosystem problems, such as soil hardening, declining forest coverage and surface vegetation coverage, soil erosion, adverse microclimate and soil desertification, have seriously affected the economic sustainable development and long-term interests of the areas where immigrants live.

Planning objectives and overall thinking of dealing with the remaining problems of reservoir resettlement

1 Overall goal of dealing with problems left over by reservoir resettlement

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the overall goal of dealing with the problems left by reservoir immigrants is to solve the problem of food and clothing for poor immigrants, create basic conditions for the sustainable economic development of resettlement areas, and make progress in soil and water conservation and ecosystem construction in resettlement areas.

2. The general idea of dealing with the problems left by reservoir resettlement.

(1) In terms of increasing the economic income of immigrants, the problems of insufficient rations and low income of immigrants are mainly solved through resettlement, land adjustment, transfer of surplus labor force, development of small town economy of immigrants and development of courtyard economy of immigrants.

(2) In terms of creating the basic conditions for the sustainable development of immigrant economy, first, we should continue to strengthen the infrastructure construction in immigrant settlement areas, and at the same time focus on enhancing the ability of immigrants to resist natural disasters, improving their production skills, especially special production skills, and adjusting the industrial structure and product structure of immigrant settlement areas.

(3) In terms of raising the funds needed to deal with the problems left over by immigrants, it is necessary to increase the investment of the central government in dealing with the problems left over by immigrants, and strive for the local government to increase the investment in dealing with the problems left over by immigrants, so as to stimulate the spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle of immigrants. At the same time, we should also try to raise funds from the capital market and other ways to expand the sources of funds.

(4) Establish a socialized service system for immigrants and vigorously promote practical agricultural technology. The existing industrial structure of immigrants is mainly resource-based aquaculture, with single breed, few high-quality products, weak market competitiveness, product prices easily affected by market factors and unstable income of immigrants. Therefore, vigorously improving and popularizing excellent varieties and adopting new technologies are the main ways to adjust the product structure and enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products in the reservoir area. At the same time, due to the lack of information and marketing network of products, the transaction cost of immigrants participating in the market economy is high and the development of immigrant economy is slow. Therefore, building a socialized service system for immigrants focusing on technology promotion, marketing and intermediary can help immigrants reduce product costs and reduce the impact of market and technology risks on immigrant economy.

(5) The development of immigrant production should focus on transforming low-yield fields, adjusting industrial and product structure, developing animal husbandry and aquaculture, increasing the technical content of products, improving the quality of agricultural products and improving immigrant production skills; The development of resources (especially water and soil resources) should be based on the protection and construction of ecosystems; For resettlement areas that do not have environmental capacity, land resources should be appropriately adjusted. If there are no conditions for land and resources adjustment, consider moving out appropriately in the province to coordinate the development of population, resources and environment. It is necessary to actively develop the industrialized management of farmers with the products of the breeding industry as raw materials, promote the transformation and appreciation of agricultural products, and promote the adjustment of industrial structure.

(6) Encourage and support the development of immigrant small towns and immigrants to move into small towns, transfer the surplus labor force of immigrants, broaden the employment space of immigrants, and enhance the role of small towns in promoting and radiating the immigrant economy.

(7) Taking system innovation and management innovation as the breakthrough, actively and steadily explore new ways to increase the income of immigrants. Support immigrants to develop joint-stock cooperative enterprises, private enterprises and private enterprises with capital as the link and in line with China's industrial priority development fields.

Safeguard measures to deal with the remaining problems of reservoir resettlement

1 Establish a lean and stable entry-exit administration.

Most of the existing institutions dealing with the problems left over by reservoir immigrants are temporary, with no formal staffing, no normal management funding channels, insufficient management authority, unstable thinking of immigrant cadres, and the professional quality of cadres needs to be improved. This situation is difficult to meet the needs of heavy immigration work and needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, in order to ensure the implementation of the plan to deal with the problems left over by reservoir resettlement during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the resettlement agencies should be included in the series of government agencies at all levels, equipped with formal staff, and try to select cadres with high political level, good professional quality, understanding technology, management, strong sense of responsibility and pioneering spirit to participate in the management; Give the immigration agencies administrative functions and necessary authority, and ensure adequate management funds.

2. The economic development planning of resettlement areas should be incorporated into the local economic development planning.

The poor people among immigrants are part of the local poor population and part of the national poverty alleviation plan in 1987. Therefore, all policies and measures for local economic development should be equally applicable to the development of immigrants, and all policies and measures for poverty alleviation should be equally enjoyed by poor immigrants without any discrimination.

3. Implement various preferential immigration policies.

The state has listed the reservoir area and ethnic minority areas, deep mountain areas and alpine mountain areas as the focus of poverty alleviation work. The state should give full consideration to reservoir resettlement when arranging funds for supporting agriculture and helping the poor and funds for transportation, culture, education and health. Old reservoir immigrants who belong to the scope of dealing with the problems left over by reservoir immigrants should also enjoy the preferential policies on immigrants in the Regulations on Land Acquisition Compensation and Resettlement for Large and Medium-sized Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects issued by the State Council. Local governments at all levels should give certain policy encouragement and support in the construction of immigrant small towns, technology popularization and demonstration, information service and economic industrialization in the reservoir area.

4. Increase investment to ensure the fund demand for solving the problems left by reservoir resettlement.

In solving the problems left by reservoir immigrants, we should adhere to the combination of central support, local support and self-reliance of immigrants, and raise funds through multiple channels and ways. In addition to solving the immigration problem from the existing extra funds from the power income of hydropower stations and the water supply and water charges of reservoirs, resettlement subsidy funds should also be extracted from the taxes paid by departments and units that benefit from flood control in the lower reaches of reservoirs. The funds needed to implement the Tenth Five-Year Plan are the most fundamental guarantee to realize the goal of dealing with the problems left over by reservoir immigrants in the Tenth Five-Year Plan.

5. Strengthen the guidance on handling the problems left by reservoir resettlement.

In the economic development and structural adjustment of immigrants, it is necessary to adapt to the market, adjust measures to local conditions, highlight characteristics, give play to advantages, and strengthen information services and technical demonstration means; It is necessary to act in accordance with the laws of market economy and strengthen the guidance on dealing with the problems left over by reservoir immigrants.

Reform the fund management system and improve the efficiency of the use of funds supported by the central government.

At present, the problems left by reservoir immigrants involve all aspects of resettlement, such as society, economy, culture, education, science and technology, health and so on. Moreover, the nature of the use of the resettlement funds supported by the central government is complicated, and a large number of funds supported by the central government are used free of charge, so there are a lot of rent-seeking behaviors in the use of resettlement funds, which leads to low efficiency in the use of resettlement funds. The main reason is that the ownership of immigrant funds is not clearly given in the use of immigrant funds. Many immigration agencies often exaggerate the benefits of the use of funds when they strive for funds. When the funds are in place, due to the free and prudent use of funds, the efficiency of the use of funds is far lower than the prior commitment. At the same time, there are many agency links between the central government and immigrants, and their agency efficiency also affects the efficiency of the use of the central government's immigration support funds. Therefore, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, it is necessary to reform the current fund management and use system, take the reform of property rights system as a breakthrough, explore a new fund management system model, and improve the efficiency of the use of funds supported by the central government for immigrants.

Establish and improve the legal system of immigration work and strengthen the supervision and audit of immigration work.

Dealing with the problems left over by reservoir immigrants involves the vital interests of immigrants and the social and economic stability of the region, which is a work with strong policy. The settlement of the problems left by immigrants must be carried out in accordance with laws and policies, so it is very important to establish and improve the laws and regulations on the settlement of the problems left by immigrants for the implementation of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. At the same time, strengthening the supervision and audit of resettlement work is a necessary measure to ensure the funds needed for the implementation of the Tenth Five-Year Plan and prevent the loss of resettlement funds.