Brief introduction of reunion, a French overseas province

Reunion island (l'Ile de la reunion) is code-named Re. The area is 25 12 square kilometers. Location map of French reunion island

The population is 709470 (1999). The residents are mainly Malagasy, African, European, Indian, China and Creole. The official language is French. 94% of the residents believe in Catholicism, and a few believe in Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. Saint-denis, the capital, has a population of 132338 (1999). Jean-Luc Poudroux, local president, chairman of the provincial assembly and chairman of the Council of Ministers, was elected in April 1994 and re-elected in March 2006. reunite

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15 13, Portuguese Mascarin came to an archipelago in the Indian Ocean, which was later named Mascarin Islands, and reunion island was one of them. 1642, France officially occupied the island and named it bourbon island in 1649. During the French Revolution, Bourbon Island was renamed Reunion Island (French means union), symbolizing the union and victory of revolutionary forces. 1663 French immigrants and their slaves brought from Madagascar settled in Bourbon Island. As a stop for French ships travelling to and from the Indian Ocean, the island is controlled by the French East India Company. 1767, the French king redeemed the island and established various administrative and judicial institutions. reunite

A large number of immigrants and slaves were transported to the island to grow coffee. During the French Revolution, immigrants on the island set up a parliament to support * * * and. After the collapse of the Napoleonic Empire, Reunion was once occupied by the British and returned to France in 18 15. 1848 reunion announced the abolition of slavery and set 60,000 slaves free. /kloc-In the late 20th century, sugarcane replaced coffee as the main cash crop on the island, and the sugar industry rose. During the First World War, Reunion became a sugar supplier in France, the economy further developed, and national capital began to appear. 1942110 In October, Charles de Gaulle's free French government sent a colonial administrator to replace the former Vichy government governor. From 65438 to 0946, the French government decided to change Reunion into an overseas province of France, which was under the jurisdiction of the governor appointed by France. A large number of French administrators and engineers came to Reunion, holding almost all administrative and economic departments, which deepened ethnic contradictions, class contradictions and various social problems. 1959, the reunion party was formally established. 1962 In February, the first mass riot broke out in reunion island. 1973, Reunion became a large area of France. In recent years, people in reunion island have been holding demonstrations and strikes, demanding equality, democracy and autonomy, and some political parties and organizations have further demanded independence.

Edit the natural climate of this paragraph.

Reunion island is a volcanic island in the Mascarin Islands in the southwest Indian Ocean, 650km west of Madagascar and 0/90km northeast of Mauritius. The coastline is 207 kilometers long. Coastal tropical rainforest climate, hot and humid all year round; Inland is a mountainous climate, mild and cool. The average temperature in the hottest month is 26 degrees Celsius, and that in Leng Yue is 20 degrees Celsius. It is cool and dry from May to165438+1October every year, and it is hot and rainy from165438+1October to April of the following year. 1On March 9th, 998, the PitondelaFournaise volcano on the island erupted. Summer has come, and the humid climate in the Indian Ocean keeps flowing. There is an active volcano on the island with an altitude of 3069 meters. The moist airflow meets the mountain. Overview of reunion

The upward movement of the airflow is extremely fierce, causing a rare rainstorm. Most of them are plateau mountains with narrow plains along the coast. The plateau passes through the central part obliquely from northeast and southwest, with volcanic mountains on both sides. The highest peak, Nifeng, is 3069 meters above sea level and is a flameout mountain. The plain climate is hot and humid; The mountainous area is mild and cool, with the annual precipitation of 2000 ~ 3000 mm on the east slope and below the west slope 1 000 mm. Rainy areas of the world. 1952 March1~19,8 days and nights rainstorm 4130 mm; 1on February 28th, 964, the rainstorm reached 1.087mm in 9 hours.

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In the French National Assembly election held on 1 June, 19971,the Reunion Production Party and the Socialist Alliance defeated the right-wing French Democratic Alliance and the Defence Alliance, making four of the five French National Assembly members in Reunion the left-wing party member. 1999 in the first quarter, craftsmen, vendors and freelancers frequently took to the streets to protest against the government's high tax policy. 2001March 1 1 and 18, reunion island and France held town elections. Among the 24 cities on the island, the right-wing parties centered on the Alliance for the Defence of * * * and the Alliance for Democracy won town elections in 20 cities, including saint-denis, the capital of the island, which was originally controlled by the left-wing party, and Saint Pierre, a major town in the south. The left-wing "Economic Development Alliance" led by the Socialist Party won in four cities. At present, staying in the island is in the situation of "* * * ruling" by political parties at the district, provincial and town levels. 1982 After the promulgation of the French decentralization law, the Regional Council Region Reunion became an independent local authority, responsible for determining and implementing the regional budget, formulating the regional economic development plan, and having autonomy in territorial improvement, education and training, and cultural promotion. Forty-five members are directly elected for a term of six years. The current parliament was established in March 1998. The left-wing "Union for Economic Development" headed by Liu * * won 3 1.94% of the votes, 19 seats, and the right-wing French Democratic Union () won 9 seats; 8 seats to defend * * * and alliance; The "Freedom Movement" won five seats; "Candidate list" 4 seats. President Paul Verges was elected as the chairman. The goal of this parliament is to promote the sustainable development of reunion island and fight against unemployment. The local authorities (general councils) of provincial councils enjoy autonomy in the fields of transportation, social security, health and junior high school education. 1982 after the decentralization of power in the law in March, the chairman of the provincial Council replaced the governor as the provincial chief executive. There are 48 members, with a term of six years and re-election every three years. The current parliament was established in April 1994. The allocation of seats is as follows: Reunion Production Party 12 seats, Socialist Party 12 seats, French Democratic Union1/KLOC-0 seats, National Defense * * and Alliance 5 seats, and other 7 seats. In March 2006, President Jean-Luc Bodru was re-elected.

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There are 1 1 political parties, some of which are branches of or associated with French political parties. The main political party is: (1) Lepatti Commune Reunion: founded in 1959, which is the most powerful and well-organized political party on the island. The French National Assembly has three members. Secretary-General Paul Vergis. Le ressable pour la republique: a French province that defends * * * and the Federation. 1986 cooperated with the French democratic union in the regional Council election and won the majority of votes, which changed the majority position of the reunion production party and the socialist party. In France, there are representatives from the national defense and the headquarters of the Union. At present, the French Senate has 1 members.

In cooperation with the French Democratic Union, the French House of Representatives has 1 members. Edmond Lauret, secretary of the provincial government (3) French League for Democracy: f. 1978. A provincial department of the French Democratic Union. In cooperation with national defense and alliance, the French House of Representatives has 1 members. Minister Gilbert Gerard. ④ France-Reunion Avenir: founded in 1986, a right-wing party. The French Senate has 1 members, and the secretary is Andre Tien Acon. (5) Le Parti Socialist Federation de la Reunion: It was originally a provincial department of the French Socialist Party, and was separated in 1972. The French National Assembly has 1 members. Secretary-General Jean-Claude Fruto.

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The judiciary has an appeal court, two main courts, a felony court, four trial courts, two children's courts and two detention centers. Henry Thiriot, President of the Court of Appeal. There are 1 1 political parties, some of which are branches of or associated with French political parties. There is an appeal court, two main courts, a felony court, four trial courts, two children's courts and two detention centers. Henry Thiriot, President of the Court of Appeal.

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It is divided into 4 districts (no real power) and 24 towns. The four special zones are Saint Denis, S? o Paulo, Saint Pierre and Saint benoit.

Editing this part of the economy

Sugarcane cultivation occupies two-thirds of arable land and most of the labor force, and also produces corn, herbs, onions, tobacco leaves and so on. Fishing can be done along the coast. Sugar production is the main industry, followed by vanilla processing and food. Sugar, molasses, sugar liquor account for more than 80% of the total export value, and the rest are flavors. Food, vegetables, meat and milk are not self-sufficient. Imports are mainly food, machinery, vehicles and petroleum products. The economy is dominated by agriculture, fisheries and tourism, among which sugarcane cultivation and sucrose production, as well as the cultivation of spices such as vanilla and geranium are the main pillars. Low degree of industrialization. Economic development mainly depends on French aid. 1989- 1993, the European union provided a loan of 450 million ecus (29 billion francs) to stay in Europe to meet the requirements of the European single market. In order to speed up the integration with the EU, the EU provided a loan of 660 million ecus (42 billion francs) to stay in China. From 2000 to 2006, China will receive loans totaling 654.38+06 billion francs from the European Union and France. The main problem is the high unemployment rate, which is three times that of France. 1995' s GDP per capita is only 40% of that of France. During the period of 1995, Liu formulated a new strategy and a five-year plan to develop tourism, invested 500 million francs in five years to alleviate the high unemployment rate, and successively built an airport and a 27 10 km expressway, which made the tourism industry develop greatly. Since 1996, the inflation rate has obviously dropped to 1998, which is basically close to the level of France. 1 99965438+1October1Euro was officially launched, but it did not affect the domestic economy. At the beginning of this year, the government of saint-denis implemented a "community transportation" plan with an investment of 350 million US dollars, and built the first pedestrian street on the island in. Subsequently, prices began to climb, and the prices of rent, telephone, food, air transportation, gasoline, gas and tobacco rose sharply. Gross domestic product (1998): US$ 3.4 billion. Per capita GDP of the island (1998): USD 4,800. GDP growth rate on the island (1998): 3.8%. Inflation rate (1998): 1.2% Currency name: French franc. Unemployment rate (1998): 41.1%[Resources] Rich in mineral resources. There are minerals such as cobalt, copper and manganese in the sea area. Forest covers an area of 87,730 hectares, accounting for 35% of the island's total area, cultivated land accounts for 17% of the island's total area, crop planting area accounts for 3%, grassland and pasture account for 5%, and others account for 4 1%.

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The total industrial output value accounts for about 26. 1% of the island's GDP. Mainly agricultural and sideline products processing industry (mainly sugar industry), in addition to machinery manufacturing, consumer goods manufacturing and so on. 1997, there were 34 enterprises with more than 5 employees1family, an increase of 10% over the previous year. Among them, there are 260 manufacturing enterprises, accounting for about three quarters. There are 8797 employees in the whole industry, with a total salary of 65.438+48.5 million francs. Among them, 3375 people are engaged in agricultural and sideline products processing industry, and 535/kloc-0 people are engaged in manufacturing industry. The total industrial marketing amounted to 8,565,438 million francs, an increase of 8% per capita over the previous year. Industrial added value was 2.29 billion francs, and direct investment was 366 million francs. The industrial situation is generally good. Several salad ice buckets in agricultural and sideline products processing enterprises

Less than a quarter, but concentrated on 40% of employees, achieved 53% of the marketing amount, 45% of the added value and 55% of the investment. Among them, the achievements of sugar industry are the most remarkable. From 65438 to 0998, the total output value of the construction industry was 5 billion francs, of which housing construction accounted for 72% and public works accounted for 28%. Due to the development of private housing market, housing construction has been accelerated in recent years.

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Almost all the food is imported. Agricultural products mainly include other cash crops such as sugarcane, geranium and vanilla, fruits and vegetables, livestock products and meat. There are 63,600 hectares of cultivated land, including 33,200 hectares of sugarcane, accounting for 52.2% of all cultivated land. From 65438 to 0997, the output value of various agricultural products accounted for 34.8% of the total agricultural output value, sugar cane 27. 1%, grain and seeds 2.7%, other cash crops 1.8%, beef 2.6% and pork1.2%. Sugarcane is the most important agricultural product in Reunion Island, and the export of sugarcane and sucrose accounts for 93% of the total export of agricultural products and 66% of the total export of the whole island. 1999, thanks to favorable climatic conditions, the yield of left-behind sugarcane reached the best level in recent years. 1300 tons of fruit exported in 1998, including pineapple 1 150 tons. In the past 20 years, the output of traditional cash crops such as vanilla, geranium and vanilla has declined, and the output of sugarcane has not exceeded 2 million tons, which is not as good as that in the 1960s and 1970s. However, the proportion of fruits, vegetables, flowers and grains in agricultural products has increased. With the rapid development of animal husbandry, residents on the island can achieve self-sufficiency in pork. 1998, there were 26,900 cows, 84,000 pigs and 38,000 goats, and beef 15 17 tons, pork1273 tons, rabbit meat 520 tons and poultry meat/kloc were produced. Rich in fishery resources, it is one of the important sources of income and the fourth largest export product after sucrose, rum and essence. From 65438 to 0998, the output of tuna was 600 tons and swordfish was 450 tons.

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More than half of the budget of Reunion Island is allocated by the French government. From 65438 to 0998, the island's fiscal revenue was 7.432 billion francs, an increase of 4.3% over the previous year. Among them, the national allocation accounts for 52.7%, and the tax revenue accounts for 20.2%. Expenditure was 65,438+0,545,438+0 billion francs, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year, mainly including public expenditure and productive expenditure. Among the productive expenditures, the French government allocated 79%.

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The overall foreign trade deficit is rising. During the period of 1998, due to the surge in imports of consumer goods, the import volume increased by 7.3% over the previous year; On the contrary, due to the decline in sucrose production, the export volume decreased by 2.9% compared with the previous year. The main imported products are machinery and equipment, consumer goods, agricultural products and food, intermediate products and petroleum products, accounting for 32.7%, 24.9%, 19.3%, 17.5% and 5.4% of the total import value respectively. The main export products are sucrose, rum and lobster, accounting for 59%, 2.5% and 1.7% of the total export respectively. France is the largest trading partner. Of the exports of 1998, 69.7% were exported to France, 9% to the European Union and 7% to neighboring island countries. 65.8% of the imported goods come from France, 14% from the EU and 1% from neighboring island countries.

Edit this part of the transport.

The roads are developed, and there are expressways connecting major cities. Railway: the total length is 6 14km. Highway: The total length is 2,784 kilometers, including 345.7 kilometers of national highway, 73 1.5 kilometers of provincial highway and 1602.9 kilometers of other highways. 234,578 vehicles of various types (1, 999, 1). Water transport: Cape Calais is the largest seaport on the island and the fifth largest port in France. More than half of the transportation on the island passes through this port. 1998 885 ships entered the port, with a unloading capacity of 2,597,300 tons and a loading capacity of 467,900 tons. Air transport: * * There are two airports, among which Saint-Denis Giraud International Airport has weekly flights to France, Kenya and neighboring island countries. The number of air passengers stranded in France ranks 12, and the freight volume ranks fifth. 1998 677487 passenger arrival, 67465 1 passenger departure,11411passenger transfer; Unloading 15060 tons, loading 7270 tons.

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The social welfare system on the island where people live is the same as that in France. There is a big gap between the rich and the poor. 199865438+in February, 95769 people were unemployed. From 65438 to 0999, medical and social assistance expenses accounted for about 40% of the province's expenditure, and 350,000 to 400,000 people in the whole island enjoyed medical assistance. 1998, hospitals and medical institutions owned 2,734 beds, with an average of 3.9 beds per 1000 residents. 1999 has 5,620 medical staff, including 1346 doctors and 337 dentists in Reunion Island.

There are 284 pharmacists, 2906 nurses and midwives 176. There are 190 doctors, 48 dentists and 40 pharmacists per 65438+ million residents. 1998, the average life expectancy is 70.2 years for men and 78.5 years for women. Since 1990, the average annual natural population growth rate has been 1.9%. 197 The birth rate was 20‰, the mortality rate was 5.3‰, and the infant mortality rate was 5.7‰. 15 accounted for 29.3% of the total population, 15-39 accounted for 42.4%, and 40-59 accounted for 65,438. 1997, the proportion of households with TV sets was 94. 1%, refrigerators were 96.7%, washing machines were 72.7%, telephones were 85.7%, cars were 54.6%, microcomputers were 6.7%, 99% households used electricity, and 97% households had running water.

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1993, France stationed 3,400 troops in Ré union (including troops stationed on Mayotte Island), including 2,200 troops in the army, 300 in the navy and 350 in the air force, under the command of the French Armed Forces Command in the South Indian Ocean. In addition, there are 600 gendarmes.

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France implements an education system, with five years in primary school and seven years in secondary school. Illiteracy accounts for about 10% of the total population. 1998 The total number of students in kindergartens, middle schools and primary schools was 2 17 147, and there were * * *12,663 students in universities, various higher technical schools and teachers' colleges. The teacher-student ratio of kindergarten and primary school is 5: 100, and that of middle school is 1.52: 100. There are 12539 people who graduated from middle school, and most of them continue to receive higher education. 1998/ 1999 The situation of schools, teachers and students is as follows: schools (institutes) teachers (people) students (people) kindergartens 176-43 137 primary schools 3535670 (kindergartens+primary schools) 7790.

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There are three daily newspapers: reunion island Daily, with a circulation of 26,000; Reunion Daily, with a circulation of 28,000 copies; Testimony newspaper, issued 5000 copies. There are also 1 1 weekly, monthly and bimonthly. There are three TV stations on the island, French Radio broadcasts four programs overseas every day, and there are four TV channels. Foreign relations and foreign affairs are under the unified jurisdiction of the French government. In recent years, the French government has allowed to stay in France and signed agreements with other provinces and cities for cultural, economic and friendly exchanges.

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Reunion Island is almost all Christians except Muslims and Hindus, and few people forget their original religious beliefs. Mu Anjin's song echoed in the church bells, and some descendants of slaves still held a "servicemalgache" ceremony to pay tribute to their ancestors. Hindu churches are colorful, festivals run through the year, and sometimes the calendars of ancestors are adopted, which is proof of religious piety. China New Year, fire ceremony (an activity of Tamil faith), dipavali or Hanukkah, sacred moments of Indian society, Christmas market and rich activities are numerous, which also witness the tradition that Reunion Island residents know how to share. Creole Villa is the local reunion island.

Architectural cultural heritage is the icing on the cake. These huts are usually made of Tamarix wood, and the roofs covered with iron sheets are painted with bright colors, like rainbow-like navigation marks on the green sea.

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In recent years, tourism has developed rapidly. The local area actively develops tourism and attaches importance to the cultivation of talents in the catering and hotel industries. There are 5,000 people in tourism professionals on the island. Since 1994, the room occupancy rate has increased by nearly 10% every year, 1998 has received 400,000 tourists, an increase of 7% over the previous year, and the tourism revenue1800 million francs, an increase of 6% over 1997. There are 797,000 rooms in various hotels on the island, accounting for 64% of the total number of rooms, which is the best level in 10 years. Tourists mainly come from France (about 80%), Mauritius, Madagascar and other countries in Europe.

Edit the travel features of this paragraph.

The most popular ones for tourists are MmeDesbassayns Villa in Villair and lamaisonFolio in Hell-Bourg, which have now become an ancient sugar processing factory, and together with StellaMatutina, they have recorded the development history of sugar industry from 1 1 century to today. Even the Museum of Natural History or Ceux Histoire Natureleou Delaraifraternet é. The residents of reunion island love flowers very much. They decorate every villa and every building with colorful flowers, and they are proud that their gardens are full of rare flowers and herbs. Eden, Nature Garden, National Botanical Garden, parcExotica, jardinbourbon, as well as Fragrant Garden and Spice Garden, the choices are endless. In addition, there is a turmeric or vanilla house where visitors can learn about the growth process of these spices, learn new cooking recipes, or buy souvenirs for relatives and friends. The famous scenic spot Silas ice bucket Sarazzi ice bucket Verne volcano

Edit this military section

1993, France stationed 3,400 troops in Ré union (including troops stationed on Mayotte Island), including 2,200 troops in the army, 300 in the navy and 350 in the air force, under the command of the French Armed Forces Command in the South Indian Ocean. In addition, there are 600 gendarmes.

Edit this international relationship

Relations with China 65438+1February 26 -28, 1992, Vice Foreign Minister Yang Fuchang passed through Reunion, called on Governor Dewart of Saint-Denis Province and Mayor arnett of Saint-Denis, and made contact with local Chinese communities. At the end of April, an overseas Chinese delegation from China and Inner Mongolia Art Troupe visited China. 1810.7, Mayor arnett and Vice Mayor Li Chuanhao of Saint-Denis visited China. 19965438+In February, Liu Weiming, Vice Chairman of Guangdong Provincial Political Consultative Conference, visited Reunion. 1999, the total import and export trade between China and reunion was $553 1 000, of which $5.528 million was exported to China. Relations with Indian Ocean Countries198611October, France joined the Indian Ocean Commission in the name of Reunion. 1991March, French Prime Minister Rocard represented reunion island, a French overseas province, at the first Indian Ocean Commission Summit held in Madagascar. 1992 In September, 1992 representatives attended the second meeting of the "Indian Ocean Southwest Islands Forum" held in Mauritius. 10, Comoros Foreign Minister Abdullah paid a short visit to Liu. 1999 12, French president Jacques Chirac hosted the second summit meeting of the Indian ocean commission in reunion. The meeting discussed regional economic integration, establishing regional tourism development associations, solving illegal fishing and Comoros problems. Earlier, the 6th Ministerial Meeting of the Indian Ocean Commission was held in reunion island.

Edit the adjacency relationship in this paragraph.

65438+1On February 26-28, 1992, Vice Foreign Minister Yang Fuchang passed through Reunion, met with Governor Dewart of Reunion and Mayor arnett of Saint-Denis, and made contact with local Chinese communities. At the end of April, an overseas Chinese delegation from China and Inner Mongolia Art Troupe visited China. 1810.7, Mayor arnett and Vice Mayor Li Chuanhao of Saint-Denis visited China. 19965438+In February, Liu Weiming, Vice Chairman of Guangdong Provincial Political Consultative Conference, visited Reunion. 1999, the total import and export trade between China and reunion was $553 1 000, of which $5.528 million was exported to China. 1986 65438+ 10, France joined the Indian Ocean Commission in the name of Reunion. 1991March, French Prime Minister Rocard represented reunion island, a French overseas province, at the first Indian Ocean Commission Summit held in Madagascar. 1992 In September, 1992 representatives attended the second meeting of the "Indian Ocean Southwest Islands Forum" held in Mauritius. 10, Comoros Foreign Minister Abdullah paid a short visit to Liu. 1999 12. French president Jacques Chirac hosted the second summit meeting of the Indian ocean commission in reunion. The meeting discussed regional economic integration, establishing regional tourism development associations, solving illegal fishing and Comoros problems. Earlier, the 6th Ministerial Meeting of the Indian Ocean Commission was held in reunion island. Lusi of Reunion Island,1952 March 15-16, where the daily rainfall is 1870 mm.