French politician: a brief introduction to Pierre Laval's life

Pierre laval (French: pierre laval, June 28th 1883-1945, 65438+1October 15), a French politician and national activist, served as Prime Minister for three times in the Third Republic of France and Vichy. From 19 14 to 19 19 and 1924 to 1926, he served in the national assembly twice. In 1930s, he held several cabinet positions and served as French Prime Minister twice in 193 1-32 and 1935-36. During World War II, he supported philip petain's coming to power. After the fall of France, with the support of Hitler, he became prime minister in April 1942, and has been with Petain ever since. After the recovery of France, 1945 10 was sentenced to death by the Paris High Court for treason.

1883 was born on June 28th in chatterton, Dom Mountain. His father is the owner of a small coffee shop. Laval became a tutor in middle school by self-study, and then studied law courses and got a bachelor's degree. From 1907, Laval worked as a lawyer in Paris.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the French workers' movement was surging, and Laval was also involved in the wave of social movements. 1903 Join the French Socialist Party. Often working as a lawyer and legal adviser in a trade union organization, he gradually gained popularity. He once defended a worker who had no * * * ism and made him famous for his acquittal. He worked in1914-1919 in party member, the Socialist Party of Obo Virgem in Seine Province. 1923- 1940 was the mayor of this city.

He is an extreme pacifist. Against World War I, 1920 withdrew from the socialist party because of election failure. 1924 was re-elected as an independent socialist. 1927 became a senator.

Laval lives in officialdom. Although he is not good at rhetoric, he is good at playing politics, so he can make ends meet politically. He served as Minister of Engineering in Painleve Cabinet (1925), Minister of Justice in aristide briand Cabinet (1926) and Second Minister of Labor in Tardieu Cabinet (1930). When he was minister of labor, he presided over the implementation of the social insurance law, which was a great hope for some time. Laval became prime minister for the first time in 193 1 year 1 month. At that time, the world economy was in a panic, while the French economy was fine. 193 1 At the end of the year, when there were10.6 million unemployed people in the United States,10.9 million unemployed people in Germany and10.4 million unemployed people in Britain, the unemployed population in France was only10.2 million. At that time, 2.9 million foreign immigrants flooded into France in search of jobs. Because of this, he became the man of the year of Time magazine, but the next year, the French economy was finally overwhelmed and fell into a downward channel. 1932 After the defeat in February, he was appointed as the colonial minister.

1934, he served as foreign minister in the cabinets of Gaston Doumergue and Pierre Etienne Flandin. 1934 65438+In February, ribbentrop visited Paris and reached an agreement on the voting in Saarland and Laval. The latter promised that even if he voted for Germany, France would not ask for repeated voting. 1935 65438+1On October 7th, Laval visited Rome for the first time, during which he held four talks with Mussolini. The two sides signed the Franco-Italian Rome Agreement (also known as the Laval-Mussolini Rome Agreement), the main content of which is that France ceded 1 14 square kilometers of French territory Chad and 800 square kilometers of Somalia, including 22 kilometers of coastline and a small part of Tunisia, while Italy gave way to France on the nationality of Italian nationals in Tunisia. Judging from Mussolini's invasion plan, this coastline has important strategic significance. This agreement opened the door for Italian aggression in Africa. Laval also allowed Mussolini to move freely in Ethiopia, which actually encouraged Italy to invade Egypt.

From June 1935 to June 1936, Laval was re-elected as Prime Minister. 193565438+In February, Laval and British Foreign Secretary Samuel John Gurney Hoare also secretly concluded an agreement to betray Ethiopia, demanding that Ethiopia cede 6,543,805 square kilometers of land to Italy, while Italy only compensated 8,000 kilometers of land, which was rejected by Ethiopia. During the Italian-Egyptian War, Laval took a "neutral" stance and was essentially pro-Italian.

Laval was the initiator who led France into the wrong path of appeasement policy. However, at that time, he did not completely succumb to the fascist country. 1935 after Germany announced the establishment of the air force and the implementation of universal compulsory military service in August, he immediately proposed * * * and sued Germany for collective sanctions to the League of Nations. Just as in April 2006, he initiated the establishment of the "Stresa Front". In May, on behalf of France and the Soviet Union, he formally signed the long-awaited Franco-Soviet mutual assistance treaty and personally visited Moscow.

At that time, due to the economic crisis, French fascist parties rose. At that time, right-wing organizations such as the Fire Cross Society, the French Solidarity Society and the French Action League were established. Laval supported these right-wing organizations and even subsidized them, which led to the left-wing counterattack. 1936, shortly before the popular front won, Laval's cabinet collapsed. In the next four years, Laval didn't work in * * *.

Major achievements

1939, Germany attacked Poland and France declared war on Germany, which he resolutely opposed. 1940 After the French rout, Laval supported Henry philip petain to come to power. 1940 In June, he became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State of Petain, which facilitated his relocation to Vichy and induced the Parliament to grant him full powers. In the same year, in June, 5438+10 was summoned by Hitler and accompanied Paten to Montova to meet Hitler. Then he became Vichy's foreign minister. In June165438+1October of the same year, he met Goering and expressed his willingness to carry out military cooperation with Germany. During his tenure, he pursued a pro-German policy and won the favor of the German occupation authorities. Later, in 65438+February, he was arrested for the conflict with Petain and was immediately released under the protection of Germany. 1in April, 942, due to German intervention, Petain was forced to recall Laval as prime minister and eventually became a "puppet head of state".

Laval monopolized the power and concurrently served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Interior and Minister of Intelligence, further conniving at the Nazi German authorities' * * * against the French people and using French economic power to support the German fascist war of aggression. It agreed that the Gestapo would enter the non-occupied area, search for Jews on a large scale, and hand over Tunisia to German occupation. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, the Germans occupied the non-occupied area and became the official heir of petain. 1943, he also served as the police chief of Vichy, and promulgated the Compulsory Labor Law, which led a large number of migrant workers to serve hard labor in Germany. After the allied forces landed in Normandy, Laval tried to establish a temporary transition acceptable to Britain and the United States, but this attempt failed. On the eve of the liberation of France, he was taken to Sigmaringen, Germany by the Germans. 1945 In May, Laval fled to Spain, and Spain * * * handed Laval over to the Allies. 1945 In August, Laval was extradited to France. In the same year, 10 10 9, the Paris High Court sentenced Laval to death for treason. He was executed by the wall of Freyne prison in June 5438+00 and June 5438+05.