History of Fuzhou in the Late Qing Dynasty (1840- 19 12)

The late Qing Dynasty was another golden period in Fuzhou's history. 1842, after the defeat of the Opium War, the Qing Dynasty signed the treaty of nanking with Britain and opened five trading ports. Among the five ports, Fuzhou became one of the earliest cities in China and began the process of modernization. 1844, Fuzhou officially opened, and the first British consul in Fuzhou, G.T. Lay, set up a British consulate in Lequn Road, Cangshan in the following year because of the opposition of Fuzhou people. Since then, 17 countries have set up consulates in Fuzhou. . After the opening of Fuzhou, Taijiang area along the Yangtze River, Shanghai and Hangzhou became the distribution centers of Fujian's bulk import and export goods, and merchants gathered, and tea exports became bulk, accounting for 35% of China's tea exports. 1844 10, British businessman Ji Lian opened the first British-funded foreign firm in Hengshan, Taijiang. Private food, matches, textiles and other enterprises and government-run arms, shipbuilding and other enterprises have started.

Christianity also began to spread again in Fuzhou and started running schools and newspapers. 1847, Protestant missionaries began to move and set up churches in Fuzhou, and Catholicism officially resumed its activities in Fuzhou. 1853, the congregational church opened the first missionary middle school and the first girls' school in Fuzhou. 1874, the American-Israeli-American Association founded the first Chinese newspaper "Messenger of Huangshan Mountain" in Fuzhou, with Huang Naisong as the main pen. In the same year, Children's Daily, the first children's publication in China, was founded in Fuzhou. Despite the rapid spread of Christianity in Fuzhou, the church and local non-believers still clashed from time to time, and the Wu Shishan religious case broke out in 1878.

After the rise of the Westernization Movement, in 1866 (the fifth year of Tongzhi), the Qing government set up the Fujian Shipping Bureau in Mawei (later changed to Fuzhou Shipping Bureau), with Premier Shen Baozhen as the Minister of Shipping, presiding over the Fujian Shipping Administration, and in the same year opened the Fujian Shipping Administration School in Mawei. Fuzhou became the cradle of China's modern navy. From then on, until the early years of the Republic of China, China's navy was almost dominated by Fuzhou officers. From 65438 to 0875, Ding Richang presided over the Fuzhou Shipping Administration and began to send students from the Shipping Administration School to Britain and France to study machinery and manufacturing. 1884 during the sino-French war, the Majiang naval battle took place in Mawei port, Fuzhou, and the Fujian navy was completely annihilated. In order to guard against the enemy, the Qing Dynasty had to mine the Fuzhou River. 1 29th, 1888, China's first armored warship "Wei Ying" was built and launched in Mawei. In the late Qing Dynasty, the modernization of Fuzhou was ahead of other cities in China. The first telegraph line in Fuzhou was laid in 1876, and the earliest tap water system appeared in 1879 Cangshan District. 1900, Fuzhou introduced electricity for the first time, which was used in missionary hospitals and middle schools in Minqing county. The first private electric light company in Fuzhou was established in 1909.

1906 In February, Fujian Branch of China League was established in Meiwuding Qiaonan Public Welfare Society, with Zheng Zuyin as the president and Lin as the main supervisor, responsible for directing the Fujian revolutionary movement. After the constitutional movement in Qing Dynasty, Fujian Provincial Consultative Bureau 1909 opened, and the League was also stepping up its movement. 19 1 1 year 1 1 month 5, the new army Sun Daoren joined the Allied Forces. 1 1 On September 9th, Fujian League announced the Guangfu Uprising in Fuzhou, the revolutionary army captured Yushan and the Governor's Office, and the Qing soldiers surrendered. Song Shou, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, committed suicide in Fuzhou, and the League occupied Fuzhou and established the Fujian military government.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Fuzhou people began a new wave of emigration to Southeast Asia, mainly concentrated in Minqing, Gutian, Fuqing and other counties and cities. The main immigrant places include Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and Brunei, among which Huang Naixiang led the immigrants to Shiwu in Sarawak, which later became Fuzhou, a larger city in Southeast Asia. Shi Zhaoyuan immigrants in Malay Peninsula also have obvious Christian background.