The origin of the surname Gu

■Origin of the surname

The surname Gu (Gù Gu) has three origins:

1. The surname comes from his own name. It is the name of the country after the Kunwu family in the Xia Dynasty. For the family. According to the "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames" and "Tangshu: Genealogy List of Prime Ministers", it is said that Emperor Zhuanxu had a grandson named Wu Hui who was the younger brother of Zhu Rongli and also named Zhu Rong. Wu Hui's son Lu Zhong married the daughter of the Gui Fang family and gave birth to six sons. The eldest son was named Fan and was given his own surname. He was granted the title of Kunwu Kingdom (now Xuchangdong, Henan Province), and his descendants were the Kunwu family. . During the Xia Dynasty, a descendant of the Kunwu family was granted the title of Gu State (southeast of today's Fan County, Henan Province), known as Gu Bo in the world, and was one of the important allies of the Xia Dynasty. At the end of summer, Gu State was attacked and destroyed by Shang Tang. The descendants of Uncle Gu scattered all over the country took the name of the country and called them Gu family.

2. It comes from the surname Si, and is a descendant of Gu Yuhou, a descendant of King Goujian of Yue. He is named after his ancestor. According to "Manuscripts of the Words and Deeds of Mingxian Clan" and "Gu Clan Genealogy", it is said that Dayu was buried in Kuaiji after his death, and his son Qi built an ancestral temple on the mountain to worship him. Emperor Shaokang of the Xia Dynasty later granted his concubine Wuyu a place in Kuaiji to preside over Yu's sacrifices, established the Yue State, and established Duji (today's Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). Later generations named their surname after the country and called it Yue. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Yue often fought with the State of Wu, and was defeated by the State of Wu in 494 BC. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, worked hard and tried his best to become stronger. Finally, in 473 BC, he conquered the state of Wu and expanded northward, becoming the overlord. During the Warring States Period, it was destroyed by Chu in 306 BC. The 7th generation Sun Yao, who passed through the Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty and passed to Goujian, once served as the leader of the Minyue people in the northern part of Fujian Province and the southern part of Zhejiang Province. Because he helped Liu Bang destroy Xiang Yu, he was named the King of the East China Sea, because his capital was in Dong Ou, commonly known as Dong Ou King. Later, he named his son Gu Yuhou, and his descendants lived in Kuaiji. His descendants took the first character of the title as their surname and were called the Gu family. The surname Gu is known as Zhengzong in history.

3. People from minority ethnic groups have the surname Gu or other people change their surname to Gu:

① The Manchu surname Irgenjueluo started from the eighth generation of Gu, the Minister of Rites, and his descendants took Gu as their surname.

② The Gu Ling family of the Yugu tribe has a Han surname of Gu.

③ The Guoerjia clan (also known as Guerjia clan) of the Xibe nationality has a Han surname of Gu.

④ Today, Mongolian, Zhuang, Hui and other ethnic groups all have the surname Gu.

The ancestor who got the surname: Gu Yao. He is the seventh generation grandson of King Goujian of Yue. In ancient times, after the death of Yu the Great, he was buried in Kuaiji (today's Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). Emperor Shaokang of the Xia Dynasty later granted his concubine Wuyu a title to Yu in Kuaiji to preside over Yu's sacrifices, and established the Yue Kingdom there. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Yue often had wars with the State of Wu. In 494 BC, King Wu Fucha destroyed the State of Yue. King Gou Jian of Yue worked hard to become stronger, and finally defeated the State of Wu and became the overlord. From the Qin Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, it was passed down to Sun Yao, the seventh generation of Goujian. Yao once served as the leader of the Minyue people located in the northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang areas. Because of his contribution to helping the Han Dynasty destroy Xiang Yu, he was named the King of East China Sea in the third year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty. Later, he granted the title of Gu Yuhou to his son, and his descendants stayed in Kuaiji. His descendants took the title as their surname and called them Gu. They respected Gu Yao as the ancestor of the surname Gu.

■Migration Distribution

To sum up, the Gu surname is divided into two branches, one is Northern Gu (referring to the descendants of Uncle Gu who originated in Fan County, Henan Province), and the other is Southern Gu. Gu (referring to the descendants of Gu Yao who originated in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), after receiving the surname Gu, the development of Northern Gu was not as good as that of Southern Gu. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the two groups of Gu surnames developed slowly. Some data show that Nan Gu became a common surname in Kuaiji area soon after he got the surname. During the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, together with Lu, Zhu and Zhang, they were called the four surnames in Kuaiji. During the Han Dynasty, Gu Ao, a filial son from Kuaiji, moved to the shores of Taihu Lake because his mother liked to eat water chestnuts. During the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty, Gu Huan from Kuaiji was a famous warrior. His descendants later moved to Jinhua, and then moved to Tiantai from Jinhua, developing into a powerful surname. Some local landscape and place names, such as Guruling, Huanxi, etc., all come from him. Since the surname Gu mainly originated and developed in Kuaiji, Kuaiji was also regarded as one of the famous county officials with the surname Gu in history. In addition, some of the people with the Gu surname later moved west to Wuling (today's Changde, Hunan Province) and developed rapidly there. Therefore, Wuling was respected as another major commandery with the Gu surname. From the Three Kingdoms to the Tang Dynasty, the surname Gu has always been one of the four major surnames in Jiangdong. After the Tang Dynasty, due to the transfer of official positions and the avoidance of war and chaos, the surname Gu continued to spread to various places in the north and south.

During the Hongwu period of the early Ming Dynasty, the Gu surname was one of the surnames of the people who migrated to Hongdong Dahuai tree in the Ming Dynasty. They were relocated to Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places. Some data show that in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, people with the surname Gu were not only distributed in Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan and other places, but also in Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and other places in the north. From the late Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, some people surnamed Gu from Fujian and Guangdong crossed the sea to Taiwan and then moved overseas. In 1949, when Chiang Kai-shek was defeated and fled to Taiwan, many people with the surname Gu from Jiangsu and Zhejiang went with him. However, a comprehensive review of the family history of the Gu family shows that from ancient times to the present, the center of development and reproduction of the Gu family has been in today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Today, the surname Gu is widely distributed across the country, especially in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces. The Gu surname in the above two provinces accounts for about 60% of the Han population with the Gu surname in the country. The surname Gu is currently the 81st ranked surname in China, but it is not among the top 100 surnames in Taiwan. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.25% of the country's Han population.

■Historical Celebrities

Gu Yong: A native of Wu County, Wu County (now part of Jiangsu Province) in the Three Kingdoms period. He was a member of the Jiangnan gentry and served as prime minister. He ruled for a long time in the state of Wu. In nineteen years, he knows people well and appoints them well, and the officials and the people obey him.

Gu Kuang: courtesy name Bu Weng, a native of Suzhou, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. In the second year of Zhide, he became a Jinshi. Lang, the official secretary of Emperor Dezong, was good at painting landscapes, and his poems sympathized with the people and criticized the current ills. When Li Mi was the prime minister, he moved to be a doctor and died. He wrote a poem "Ode to the Seagull" to ridicule the powerful, and was demoted to the position of Sihu of Raozhou to join the army. Later, he lived in seclusion in Maoshan and was named "Huayang Zhenyi". Gu Kuang and Yuan Jie were born at the same time but slightly later. He is also a New Yuefu author who cares about the suffering of the people. When writing poetry, you can pay attention to "vocal education" instead of just pursuing "beauty of literary talent" ("Preface to Elegy"). Based on the allegorical spirit of the Book of Songs, he wrote "The Thirteen Chapters of the Ancient Shibu Xun Biography", which are all satirical and admonishing works, and some of them directly reflect reality, such as "囝".

Gu An: A native of Kunshan (now part of Jiangsu Province), he was a painter of the Yuan Dynasty and served as a judge of the Privy Council in Luxing, Quanzhou. He is good at bamboo ink, uses the brush vigorously, and uses ink to moisten it, making him a master of his own.

Gu Lin: An official and writer in the Ming Dynasty, he reached the rank of Minister of the Ministry of Punishment. He has a rare reputation for talent, but he excels with his poetic style. Together with Chen Yi and Wang Wei of Tongli, he is known as the "Three Talents of Jinling". After Baoying and Zhu Ying ascended the throne, they were called the "Four Great Masters" at that time. He is the author of "Fuxiang Collection", "Shanzhong Collection", "Xiyuan Poetry Manuscript", etc.

Gu Cheng: A native of Beijing, he is a representative poet of contemporary hazy poetry. At the age of 12, he dropped out of school to herd pigs. Started writing during the "Cultural Revolution". He began to study painting in 1973 and returned to Beijing the following year to work in Changqiao Street. Began writing again in 1977. And became the main representative of the Misty Poetry School. In early 1980, his work unit was disbanded, he lost his job, and he lived a wandering life ever since. Joined the Chinese Writers Association in 1985. In 1987, he was invited to visit Europe and the United States for cultural exchanges and lectures. In 1988, he went to New Zealand to teach Chinese classical literature and was hired as a researcher in the Asian Languages ??Department of the University of Auckland. He later resigned and lived in seclusion on Waiheke Island. In 1992, he received the German DAAD creative pension and wrote in Germany. Died in his New Zealand residence on October 8, 1993. He left behind a large number of poems, essays, calligraphy, paintings and other works.

Gu Wen: Born in 1952, majored in Chinese at Guangxi University for Nationalities in 1982. He has been engaged in teaching and editing, served as deputy editor-in-chief and editor-in-chief of the magazines "Mermaid" and "Coral", and founded the "Beihai Political Consultation Monthly". In 1998, he served as chairman of the Beihai Civil Revolution Committee until now. He is a member of the Chinese Writers Association, director of the Guangxi Branch of the Chinese Fable Society, vice chairman of the Guangxi Branch of the Chinese Prose and Poetry Society, visiting researcher of the Economic Research Center of the Beihai Municipal People's Government, member of the Beihai Municipal Standing Committee of the CPPCC, member of the Guangxi District CPPCC, and chairman of Beihai Municipality. He has published 8 personal works, including collections of prose poems, fables, children's literature, interviews, etc., and has won many national, provincial, and municipal awards.

Gu Yewang: courtesy name Xifeng, a native of Wu County during the Liang and Chen Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty, an exegete and historian. He was born in an aristocratic family, he was eager to learn at a young age, he was very intelligent and read a lot of books, he read all over the classics and history, and he also memorized tacit knowledge. He knew everything from astronomy and geography, tortoise horoscopes, to insects and seal characters. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, he served as a doctor of Taixue and other positions. He entered the Chen Dynasty and became a doctor of national history. He was in charge of national history and majored in Liang history. Later, he moved to Huangmen Shilang. He specializes in poetry and prose, is good at painting, and is good at figures, especially grass and insects.

He is the author of "Yupian", an important work on Chinese character exegesis, which contains 6,000 more characters than "Shuowen Jiezi". It is also the earliest existing regular script dictionary in my country, laying the foundation for the compilation of regular script dictionaries for future generations. He is the author of thirty volumes of "Yupian". There are also "Yu Ge Zhi", "General History Synopsis", etc., which are all lost.

Gu Kaizhi: A native of Wuxi, Jinling (now part of Jiangsu Province), he was a painter of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He has many talents, including poetry, calligraphy, and painting. He mostly makes portraits of people, gods, Buddhas, animals, landscapes, etc. When drawing people, pay attention to the key points. The handwriting is meticulous and continuous, like a spring silkworm spinning silk. He and Lu Tanwei, who followed his example, were called "Gu Lu" and "Misti" to distinguish them from the "Shu Ti" of Liang Zhang Sengyao in the Southern Dynasties and Wu Daozi in the Tang Dynasty. He had a great influence on the development of Chinese painting.

According to the name: A native of Songjiang in the Ming Dynasty, he was a Jinshi in the 38th year of Jiajing. He was worshiped by Shang Baocheng, retired and returned to his hometown. His eunuch's purse was very rich. There was a lot of open space to the east of Dunwanzhushan residence, so it was expanded. I came to open a pond, but I didn't know that this place was originally a pond. There is a stone tablet dug out as proof.

The three characters "Lu Xiangchi" are engraved on the stele, and they were written by Zhao Ziang. Therefore, Gu Mingshi changed the name of Wanzhushan Residence to "Luxiang Garden"; the pond is of course the same as before and is still called "Luxiang Pond". There were many concubines in the world, and one of them was named Miao. She learned embroidery when she was in the capital, and the know-how was passed down from the palace. Aunt Miao was talented in this area, and she improved and became more sophisticated. The five-color silk threads are tightly knitted with fine needles, and the colors range from light to dark, seamlessly, not to mention the beauty of the color matching. The most distinctive feature of Gu embroidery is that Gu embroidery uses needles as the pen, silk threads as paintings, and famous traces as blueprints. The landscapes, figures, flowers and birds are all vivid and exquisite, and it is called "painting embroidery" at that time. Aunt Miao once imitated Zhao Ziang's "Eight Horses Picture". Dong Qichang believed that even Zhao Ziang's own pen was not necessarily better than hers. She also embroidered a "Standing Needle Picture", which was really poor and indistinguishable. It was a painting or an embroidery; later, a salt merchant from Yangzhou exchanged it for a Han jade scroll and a painting of a beautiful woman painted by Zhou Gui, a famous artist of the Southern Tang Dynasty.

Gu Xiancheng: A native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in the Ming Dynasty, he was known as Mr. Donglin. He once gave lectures at Donglin Academy with his younger brothers Yuncheng and Gao Panlong. Together with Zhao Nanxing and Zou Yuan, they were labeled as the Three Lords. They discussed political figures and received support from some scholar-bureaucrats to form a group. It can be said that "the sound of wind, rain, and reading can be heard in the ears; family affairs, national affairs, and world affairs are all concerned about everything." This is the Donglin Party in history.

Gu Zhenguan: courtesy name Huafeng (1637-1714), nicknamed Liangfen, was a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province in the Qing Dynasty. In the eleventh year of Kangxi (1672), he was appointed secretary of the cabinet. He likes to write lyrics and has a close friendship with Nalan Xingde. His lyrics are lyrical, sincere and euphemistic, and he is known as one of the "three best poets" along with Chen Weisong and Zhu Yizun. He is the author of "Bandzhi Ci".

Gu Yanwu: a great thinker and scholar in the Qing Dynasty. He is very knowledgeable and has studied national documents, county anecdotes, astronomical phenomena, rivers and canals, soldiers and farmers, as well as hundreds of classics and history, phonological exegesis, etc. In his later years, he focused on textual research when studying classics, and established the trend of simple learning in the Qing Dynasty, which had an influence on the Wu School and the Wan School of textual research in later years. He is one of the most respected scholars in the history of our country. He is the author of "Rizhilu", "Book of Benefits and Diseases of the Counties and Countries of the World", "Zhi of Zhaoyu", "Five Books of Music", etc.

Gu Zuyu: a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, a historical geographer of the Qing Dynasty. His book "Minutes of Reading History Fangyu" narrates the evolution of territory and political regions in the past dynasties. It is an important masterpiece in the study of historical geography.

Gu Guangxu: courtesy name Huayang (1731-1797), also known as Qingsha and Xiangquan, a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, an official and scholar in the Qing Dynasty. Official: Ganliang Road, Gansu Province. He is good at craftsmanship and poetry. He is the author of "Liangxi Poetry Notes", "Xiangquan Collection", etc.

Gu Pinzhen: A native of Kunming, Yunnan Province, graduated from the Japanese Army Sergeant School. In 1921, he served as commander-in-chief of the Yunnan Army and expelled Tang Jiyao. He was later appointed commander-in-chief of the Yunnan Northern Expeditionary Army by Sun Yat-sen and was killed the following year.

Gu Zhenghong: A native of Binhai, Jiangsu Province, a leader of the labor movement. In 1925, he led workers' representatives from cotton yarn mills inside and outside Shanghai to enter the factory for negotiations, but was shot dead by Japanese capitalists, which became the trigger of the "May 30th Movement".

Gu Zhutong: courtesy name Mo San (1892-1987), a native of Lianshui, Jiangsu Province. Graduated from the sixth class of Baoding Military Academy.

He once served as staff officer of the Guangdong Army, teaching officer and director of the management department of Whampoa Military Academy, and was a high-level backbone of the Whampoa Department. He successively served as battalion commander of the teaching regiment, deputy division commander and army commander, director of Luoyang camp, chairman of Jiangsu Province, director of Chongqing camp and chairman of Guizhou Province, and director of Xi'an camp. He successively participated in the Eastern Expedition, Northern Expedition, warlord melee, and "encirclement and suppression" of the Red Army. During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as commander-in-chief of the Third War Zone and chairman of Jiangsu Province. Following Chiang Kai-shek's secret order, he created the "Southern Anhui Incident" that shocked China and foreign countries. Later he served as director of the Xuzhou Appeasement Office, commander-in-chief of the army, and chief of staff. After going to Taiwan, he also served as the "Minister of Defense". In 1950, he was appointed as the deputy chairman of the "Strategic Advisory Committee". In 1959, he was transferred to the Secretary-General of the "National Defense Conference". He returned to the "Strategic Advisory Committee" in 1967 and returned to the "Strategic Advisor of the Presidential Palace" in 1977.

Gu Weijun: a native of Jiading, Shanghai, a diplomat during the Beiyang Government and the Kuomintang Government. He has served as minister to various European and American countries. In 1919, he participated in the Paris Peace Conference and fought hard to have Japan return China's sovereignty over the Shandong Peninsula. Later, he successively served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Finance and the Acting Prime Minister of the Beiyang Government. After 1932, he successively served as foreign minister of the Kuomintang government and representative to the League of Nations and the United Nations. In 1956, he transferred to the International Court of Justice in The Hague. While he was living in the United States, he still missed Jiading. It is said that everyone he met who had passed through Shanghai would ask about Jiading. One time when his aunt and nephew were talking about Jiading, he excitedly drew a map of Jiading, which included Jiading's famous ancient pagodas and Confucius Temple. Home is at Ximen. In Gu Weijun's paintings, he often writes "Gu's family in Tinglin" as the signature, which shows that he never forgets his hometown.

■Juwangtang No.

1. Junwang

Kuiji County: In the 25th year of Qin Shihuang (222 BC), it was located in the original Wu and Yue territories. A county was established and its governance was located in Wuxian County (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). Comparable to the south of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu, east of Maoshan, most of Zhejiang Province and the entire province of Fujian. During the Shunzhi period, it was moved to Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province).

Wuling County: Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty established the county. The administrative seat was Yiling (now Xupu South, Hunan Province). Compared with present-day Changyang, Wufeng, Hefeng, Laifeng and other counties in Hubei Province, west of the Yuanjiang River Basin in Hunan Province, eastern Guizhou Province and Sanjiang, Longsheng and other places in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

2. Hall name

Sanjue Hall: Gu Kaizhi of the Tang Dynasty was extremely talented, painterly and crazy (crazy is someone who concentrates on painting, like an idiot). People at that time said he had three qualities: Absolutely.

In addition, the surname Gu is also known as: "Kuijitang", "Dunxutang", "Huaiyuantang", "Yukuntang", "Yongsitang", "Gesitang", "Ningsitang" "Weitang", "Zhongkaotang", "Wulingtang", etc. are their hall names.

■Clan Characteristics

1. Most of the historical celebrities named Gu came from the south, especially Jiangsu. Because throughout the history of the surname Gu, its development and reproduction center has always been in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The surname Gu is a typical southern surname.

2. There are many scholars and writers surnamed Gu, but one characteristic is that most of them are related to politics and are not pure scholars.

3. The lines of the surname Gu are arranged in order by seniority. According to the "Gu Family Genealogy" compiled by Gu Tingrui and others in the 24th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1898), the Jiangsu surname Gu has a line of saying: "The Ming Dynasty has brought great benefits, and the Anguo has been virtuous."

■Universal couplets for the ancestral hall with the surname Gu

〖Universal couplets with four characters for the ancestral hall with the surname Gu〗

Wuling Shize;

The voice of documentarians.

——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Gu written by an anonymous person

The surname Gu is derived from the surname Si in the first couplet, and the surname is Wuling. The lower couplet states that Gu Dayou collected anecdotes about the country, chronicled current affairs, and wrote thousands of volumes.

Donglin gave lectures;

Yu Bu revised essays.

——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Gu

The first couplet indicates that Gu Xiancheng, a native of Wuxi in the dynasty, was given the courtesy name Shushi, the alias Jingyang, and was known as Mr. Donglin in the world. During the Wanli period, he was a Jinshi and the head of the Government Household Department. He offended the ruling ministers by recruiting strangers and was demoted as a judge in Guiyang Prefecture. He was later promoted to a doctor in the Ministry of Official Affairs and was dismissed from his post for disobeying Shenzong. He returned to his hometown with his younger brothers Gu Yuncheng, Gao Panlong and others in Donglin. Academy lectures. Together with Zhao Nanxing and Zou Yuanbiao, they were known as the "Three Monarchs". They discussed political figures and gained support from some scholar-bureaucrats. Later, they were named the "Donglin Party" by the powerful minister Wei Zhongxian.

He is the author of "Xiao Zhai Notes", "Jinggao Collection", "Gu Duanwen's Posthumous Letters", etc. Xialiandian refers to Gu Yun, a native of Chizhou in the Tang Dynasty, with the courtesy name Chuixiang and a literary name. He was friendly with Du Xunhe and Yin Wengui. During the Xiantong period, he was a Jinshi and served as the governor of Huainan, Gao Pian. He retreated to Feichuan and wrote books behind closed doors. During the Dashun period, he participated in the compilation of "Records of the Three Dynasties of Xuan Yixi", which was completed, and he was promoted to Yubu Yuanwailang. He is also the author of "Fengce Lianhua Edition" and "Zhaoting Miscellaneous Biography".

Li Chongwenwei;

Sound Wei Yuzhang.

——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Gu written by an anonymous person

The upper couplet refers to Gu Zong, a native of Wu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the courtesy name Wenwei and an official title of Shangshu Ling. Emperor Ming once performed the rituals of the Three Dynasties (referring to Xia, Shang and Zhou) and introduced Gu Zong as the three elders (in ancient times, it represented the respect for the elderly. There were three elders and five elders each. They were all old and experienced retired officials. The emperor They serve as father and brother). The Xialiandian refers to Gu Shao, a native of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period. His courtesy name was Xiaoze. He was well-read and had the same name as his uncle Lu Ji. Sun Quan married his brother's daughter to him. Official Yuzhang, the prefect, taught by kindness. After five years in office, the social atmosphere changed.

He is famous for his three talents;

He is good at studying the Five Classics.

——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall of the surname Gu

The upper couplet refers to the Eastern Jin Dynasty painter Gu Kaizhi, named Changkang, who was born in Wuxi, Jinling. He served as an army officer for Huan Wen and Yin Zhongkan. In the early years of Yixi, he was an official and a regular servant. He is versatile, skilled in poetry, poetry, calligraphy, and is especially good at painting. He was once known as "unparalleled in talent, painting, and infatuation." He painted many portraits of people, gods, Buddhas, animals, landscapes, etc. He paid great attention to the finishing touches. He painted the mural "Vimalakīrti" in the Kangwa Coffin Temple, which was dazzling and sensational. Later generations commented on his painting, "the intention comes first, and the intention is all in the painting". His handwriting is meticulous and tight, like a spring silkworm spinning silk. He is the author of "On Painting", "Praise to the Shengliu Paintings of the Wei and Jin Dynasties", and "Painting the Yuntai Mountains", in which the points of "wonderful results from moving the imagination" and "describing the spirit with form" have a great influence on the development of Chinese painting. Gu Yewang, a literary exegesis expert in Liang and Chen Dynasty, whose courtesy name is Xifeng, was born in Wu County, Wu County. He began to read the Five Classics at the age of seven and was able to write articles at the age of nine. Originally an official in Liang Dynasty, he joined Chen Dynasty and reached the rank of Guanglu Qing. He once collected and researched the forms and exegesis of ancient and modern characters, and wrote thirty volumes of "Yupian" (Book of Characters). He also wrote "Yu Di Zhi", "Fu Rui Tu", "Fen Ye Shu Yao", etc.

The three skills of posture and push;

One wave of the fan.

——The general couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname Gu written by an anonymous person

The first couplet refers to Gu Kaizhi of Jin Dynasty. Xialiandian refers to Jin Gu Rong as the internal history of Danyang who commanded the army with a white feather fan and defeated the enemy. Yang Xiuyun: "The wind blows away the grass with the waving of the feather fan, and Gu Danyang borrows many of his talents."

It is shameful to act in one's own way;

Educated in literature.

——General couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Gu written by Gu Yanwu of the Qing Dynasty

This couplet was self-titled by Gu Yanwu (1613-1682), a thinker and scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Gu Yanwu, whose first name was Jiang and whose courtesy name was Ningren. A native of Kunshan, Jiangsu. Known to the world as Mr. Tinglin. The Book of Benefits and Diseases of the Counties and Countries of the World, which records the customs, customs, geography, etc. of various places in detail, is an important work for the study of ancient economy and historical geography. There are also "Rizhilu", "Tinglin Poetry Collection" and so on.

Published by Qishuo;

Gong painted horizontal waves.

——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Gu written by an anonymous person

The first couplet refers to the Gu Donggao Shidian of the Qing Dynasty. The second couplet refers to the Qing Dynasty Gu Hengbo Shidian.

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〖Five-Character Universal Couplet of Gu Ancestral Hall〗

Chang Geng has three unique features;

There are four families in Huayu.

——An anonymous couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Gu

The first couplet refers to the Eastern Jin Dynasty painter Gu Kaizhi (approximately 345-406), whose courtesy name is Chang Geng and who was born in Wuxi. He has many talents, including poetry, calligraphy, and painting. Make more portraits of people, paying attention to the details. The arguments in his "On Painting" and other books had a great influence on the development of Chinese painting. He is known as "unparalleled in talent, painting, and infatuation." The second couplet refers to Gu Kuan (1476-1545), a contemporary writer and minister of the Ministry of Justice, named Yuhua, and a native of Wuxian County. He has a rare reputation for talent, but he excels with his poetic style. Together with Chen Yi and Wang Wei of Tongli, he is known as the "Three Talents of Jinling".

After Baoying and Zhu Ying ascended the throne, they were called the "Four Great Masters" at that time. There are "Fuxiang Collection", "Zhongshan Collection", "Xiyuan Poetry Manuscript" and so on.

The crane dances from the pearl tree;

The phoenix flies to the jade steps.

——Universal couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Gu written by Gu Yanwu of the Qing Dynasty

This couplet was written by Gu Yanwu, a thinker and scholar in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

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〖Six-character universal couplet of the ancestral hall with the surname Gu〗

The name has its origins. times;

At the beginning of the founding of the country, he made great achievements.

——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Gu written by an anonymous person

The first couplet indicates the affairs of the named celebrity Gu Tianjun. The second couplet refers to the affairs of Tongzhi Gu Shi, the great governor of the dynasty. Gu Shi, the word Shi Ju, Hao Ren. He crossed the river from Taizu, defeated Zhang Shicheng, secured Shandong and Henan, captured the capital of Yuan Dynasty, moved to Shanxi and Shaanxi, and was granted the title of Marquis of Jining for his meritorious service.

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〖Seven-character Universal Couplet of Gu Ancestral Hall〗

Siyuan Longevity Two Wheels A;

The first arithmetic school in Binyang.

——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Gu written by an anonymous person

The first couplet refers to Gu Siyuan, the minister of Sanqi in the Liang Dynasty, who was born in Zhongli. He is one hundred and twelve years old, his family is poor and he has no support, and he is serving in the army. Xiao Ying, the governor of Northern Xuzhou, saw it differently. Call and give food, and food is given to people. Return to the capital. Calling for the right person and talking about past events are all different. He was promoted to a minister of Sanqi and was given a stipend and a house. He came to see him day and night. He died at the age of one hundred and twenty. Xia Lian Dian refers to Gu Chenqu, a member of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, whose courtesy name was Yuting and whose name was Binyang. He was a foreigner from Zhenyang. The officials and the people are the people. He is outspoken by nature, follows the example of Cheng and Zhu, and is perseverant. Actuarial Science, Rhythm and Medicine. During the Kangxi period, he ranked first in arithmetic examinations and was known as the "number one scholar in arithmetic". There are "Zhonglu Chenshu" and so on.

Only the hundreds of feet of pine trees remain;

What a pity for the three spring peaches and plum blossoms.

——Common couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Gu written by Gu Han of the Qing Dynasty

This couplet was inscribed by Gu Han, the governor of Henan in the Qing Dynasty. Gu Han, courtesy name Yi Zai, was born in Wuxian County. No. Zhiyan. Kangxi Jinshi. Tired of being an official and governor, let's just sit down and do our work. Later, he became the Prime Minister of Li Zong Renfu. There is "Fengchi Garden Collection".

The sleeping lion fiercely saves the world from dawn;

The crouching dragon wakes up in the rain in spring.

——Gu Jun of the Qing Dynasty copied the universal couplet for the ancestral hall of the Gu family

This couplet was self-inscribed by Gu Junfu, a person named Gu in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

There is nothing better than doing good deeds;

A hundred flowers are more fragrant than reading.

——A general couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Gu written by Gu Yanwu of the Qing Dynasty

This couplet is self-inscribed by Gu Guangxu, a Jinshi of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty. Gu Guangxu, courtesy name Huayang, was born in Wuxi. Official Gansu Ganliang Road. Gongshu, good at poetry and prose. There are "Liangxi Poetry Notes" and "Xiangquan Collection".

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〖A general couplet of seven characters or above in the ancestral hall with the surname Gu〗

High character , the history is divided into golden arrows;

The sky is beautiful, and the family name is Qilin.

——The general couplet of the ancestral hall of the surname Gu written by an anonymous person

The upper couplet refers to the official couplet of the Jin Dynasty where servants shot Gu Zhong. Gu Zhong, whose courtesy name is Changshi, was born in Wu. Xia Lian Dian refers to the official document issued by Shangshu Ling Gu He in the Jin Dynasty. Gu He, courtesy name Junxiao, was born in Wu. You have a clear mind when you are young. In Xiankang, he paid homage to Zhongcheng, the imperial censor. Zeng Jin reported that Zuocheng had embezzled millions of dollars and had to pay the law to discuss the crime. All officials were afraid of him.

The sound of wind, rain, and reading are all heard;

Everything is concerned about family affairs, national affairs, and world affairs.

——Ming Dynasty Gu Xiancheng wrote a universal couplet for the ancestral hall with the surname Gu

This couplet is a couplet of Donglin Academy written by Gu Xiancheng (1550-1612), a member of the Ministry of Civil Affairs in the Ming Dynasty. Gu Xiancheng, Wanli Jinshi.

■Appendix: Allusions and interesting stories about the surname Gu

〖Gu Yong teaches his son〗

Gu Yong teaches his son in a reasonable and methodical way.

One time, Sun Quan got married to his niece (who was the granddaughter of the Gu family), and the wedding banquet invited Gu Yong, his father and his son, and his grandson Gu Tan (who was in high position at the time, Cao Shangshu). At that time, the monarchs and ministers were very happy. Gu Tan drank too much and got drunk. He danced endlessly and could not stop it. Gu Yong was so angry that he had to wait until tomorrow.

On the second day, he summoned Tan to face him and severely reprimanded him, saying: "It is a virtue for the king to endure humiliation and bear heavy burdens, and for ministers to be respectful and prudent. Back then, Xiao He, Wu and Han all made great achievements, but when they saw Emperor Gaozu, they were not as good as before. As if you can talk. Do you have any great achievements in the country? You are just relying on the qualifications of our Gu family! Why are you so complacent? Although it is because of drunkenness, it is still relying on it. The bad thoughts of gratitude and lack of humility are causing trouble. It seems that you are the one who ruined my family!" After saying that, he turned around and lay down against the wall, paying no attention to Tan anymore. Gu Tan stood aside with regret. Hours (two hours) before he was sent away by his grandfather.

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〖Gradually getting better〗

Source: From "Book of Jin·The Biography of Gu Kai" ": "Every time Kaizhi eats sugar cane, he always eats it from the tail to the root, and people may be surprised by it. He says: 'Gradually getting better.'"

Interpretation: It originally means that the lower end of the sugar cane is sweeter than the upper end, from the top to the top. Next, the more you eat, the sweeter it becomes. Later, it is a metaphor for the situation gradually improving or the interest gradually getting stronger.

Allusion: "Book of Jin" records that Gu Kaizhi (about 346-407), a native of Wuxi in Jinling in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, had the courtesy name Changkang and the small character Hutou. Gu Kaizhi was knowledgeable and talented. He once served as military officers for Huan Wen, Yin Zhongkan and others. He was especially good at painting, and famous artists at the time such as Xie An and others held him in high esteem. Gu Kaizhi has a weird personality and is different from ordinary people. People say that he has three talents, namely talent, painting and obsession, which express the boldness and uninhibitedness of a romantic talent.

It is said that he likes to eat sugar cane, but unlike ordinary people, when chewing sugar cane, he eats the trunk first and then the tail. He always eats from the bottom to the trunk and then down to the root. Some people were curious about his method of eating sugar cane, and he replied: "It's getting better gradually."

Example: "Journey to the West Chapter 82" by Wu Cheng'en of the Ming Dynasty: "The journey has passed There are many pavilions and it is really a beautiful place."

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〖Gu Kaizhi uses paintings to raise donations〗

Gu Kaizhi has a quirk in his paintings. After the paintings are completed, the characters in them often have no eyes. This look can be preserved for many years. When people asked why, he replied: "Human limbs are intact and missing, but the eyes are where the true expression of the spirit lies."

One year, a temple was to be built in the capital city of Jiankang (now Nanjing). The presiding monk cannot raise funds through alms. Gu Kaizhi proposed to paint a portrait of the famous Buddhist layman Vimalakirti on a painted wall in order to collect donations from those who came to watch the painting. When the news spread, the temple was packed with people. Finally, when Gu Kaizhi added eyeballs to the portrait of Vimalakīrti, the characters in the painting suddenly seemed to come alive, and the audience was full of praise. The funds needed to build the temple will come naturally.

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〖Gu Xiu〗

Gu Xiu is also known as "Lu Xiangyuan Gu Xiu" ", created by the Gu Mingshi family of the Gu family in the Ming Dynasty, is a well-known embroidery art technique and product.

Gu Mingshi, a native of Songjiang in the Ming Dynasty, was a Jinshi in the thirty-eighth year of Jiajing (1559), and reached the rank of Shangbao Shicheng. The eldest son of Gu Mingshi, Gu Jianghai, had a concubine named Miao who was good at silk embroidery. She brought her superb skills to the Gu family, which was passed down from generation to generation and became a family law. Later, the descendants of the Gu family passed down the skills from generation to generation, hence the name; and because In his later years, Gu Mingshi built the garden "Luxiang Garden" to take care of himself, so Gu Embroidery is also called "Luxiang Garden Gu Embroidery".

It is said that Gu's embroidery method was obtained from the inner court of the imperial palace. The characteristics of Gu embroidery are: there is no room for hair between needles, the silk is as thin as a hair, and the color matching is exquisite, which has high artistic value. The themes of Gu embroidery are mainly landscapes, figures, flowers and birds. Among them, the famous Gu embroidery craftsmen include Miao Shi, Han Ximeng and Gu Lanyu.

Miao is the concubine of Gu Mingshi’s eldest son, Gu Jianghai, and the founder of Gu Embroidery. Her embroidery skills are very high, and "the characters, landscapes, and flowers she embroiders are full of life and charm."

Han Ximeng, the wife of Gu Shouqian, the grandson of Gu Ming Dynasty, was good at calligraphy and painting, and was good at female embroidery. She pushed Gu embroidery skills to the extreme. Later generations called her embroidery "Hanxiu" or "Hanyuan embroidery". .

In the Qing Dynasty, Gu Mingshi’s great-granddaughter Gu Lanyu opened an embroidery workshop, recruited many apprentices, and taught Gu embroidery techniques. From then on, folk women in Wudi rushed to imitate it. Businessmen opened embroidery shops and purchased embroidery products. The name of Gu embroidery became famous at home and abroad. However, because Gu embroidery pays attention to artistic conception and requires a certain foundation in art, it has not been truly popular among the people. After that, Gu embroidery gradually declined and was almost lost.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the emphasis on traditional art, Gu embroidery finally recovered after several efforts.

Gu Xiu's traditional representative works include "Horse Washing Picture", "Luo Wei Mingqiu", "Lentil Dragonfly" and "Quail Bird".

■The Migration History of the Gu Surname

The Gu family is a typical Jiangnan surname. It mainly originated from Kuaiji in Zhejiang Province (today's Xing City, Shao Province, Zhejiang Province). Since more than 4,000 years ago, the Gu people have mainly multiplied and migrated to the Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River today. Their ancestor was King Goujian of Yue. Since the rise of the Gu surname in the Three Kingdoms until the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Gu surname has been one of the four major surnames in Jiangdong, my country. After the Tang Dynasty, the Gu family name was still a prestigious surname in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, especially in Jiangsu. Therefore, most celebrities with the surname Gu in the past generations came from the south, and they spread over generations and gradually spread all over the country.

Genealogy of the Gu family in Jingli, Wuxi Volume 2: Genealogy of origins of the surnames and origins: A study of differences in the genealogy of the Eighteen Heroes Praising the Eighteen Heroes A brief account of the Thirty-two Heroes Praising the Wuling Short History Shi Hanpu records Suzhou Prefecture Zhi Xifeng Cemetery Stele Xifeng Cemetery Chronicles Jin Changxi Feng Gong’s Temple Jie Wenxi Feng Gong’s Temple Stele Reconstruction Jin Changxi Feng Gong’s Ancestral Stele Inscriptions Tie and Restore the Sacrifice Plaque for Tieye Prince’s House Tomb Examination in Hengchuan Inscriptions on stele at Zhilueye Prince's Temple, biography of Shaolian Gong by the Five Marquises, biography of Gong Buweng, jade biography and epitaph title. Please go to the Confucian Temple to offer a posthumous memorial. Please give a posthumous memorial to Zhaji. Please reply to the official title and give a posthumous title to Shuhuishan. Ancestral blessings to Wenduan Wen Gong’s tomb record, Jingyang Cemetery record, Xishantan East and West Agreement

Wuxi Jingli Gu family’s Datong genealogy volume, three portraits and imperial edicts

Wuxi Jingli Gu’s Datong family Genealogy Volume 4 Lanling Gu family re-edited branch genealogy and revised branch genealogy. Li Zhi

Wuxi Jingli Gu family's Datong genealogy volume 5 Danyang Jiegou (front and back) Nandian

Wuxi Jingli Gu family's Datong genealogy volume 6 Cheng Tairuren biography Mufentong Branch (Xihenglin, Liujiacun, Jiangyin, Chengjiang Bridge, Gujiadai, Xiagang, Hangu Village) Mufenda Branch (Lizhuanghou Village, Xiagang, Hangu Village, Ximenwai, Jiangyin)

Gu Family in Jingli, Wuxi Datong Genealogy Volume 7 □Shudun Corrected Text Kui Sect □Shudun Baijiewan Youyu Cemetery Epitaph Inscription Dezhao Gongzhuan Wenguang Gongzhuan Deshenggongzhuan Baituan Chief Disciple Taoist Sect Chengjiang □Shanwan Youjiadai

Wuxi Jingli Gu Family Genealogy Volume 8 Shimao Shihui Pai Chang Jingnan Xinzhuang Longjing Shang Majiawan Shi Hui Shi still on the creek branch Majiawan is Zhubei Wubao Caodang □ Shi Yu Pai Dongfangqiao Master Sect Zhutang North Bridge Shouxing Sha Nianfeng Street

Wuxi Jingli Gu Family Datong Genealogy Volume Jiudazhang Sect (Downstairs of Xizhuang, Zhengzhuanggang Back Lane, Beitou Village, Feijia Village Nancun Lugang)

Top Ten Hao Schools of Genealogy of the Gu Family in Jingli, Wuxi (Jiangjiazhuang, Fengguozhuang, Xijia Village, Dahetan, Qingyang, North Gujiaqiao, Wujiazhuang Jigaojia Lane, Hexiangqiao Oil Truck Zhang Xiangyaoche Jing Yanjia □ Huangqiaozhuang)

Wuxi Jingli Gu family's Datong genealogy volume 11 Dazhaopai (South Li Shu, North Li Shu, Henan residence base, Du Shu, Zhutang, Nanqiao Niu Yao□ Zhujia Village in Huangtian