Among the top ten cities in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, eight were in the south and only two were in the north?

The top 10 cities in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period are Bianzhou (Kaifeng), Luoyang, Jinling (Nanjing), Hangzhou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Changsha, Jingzhou, Yangzhou 1, Bianzhou (Kaifeng) during the Five Dynasties period Later Liang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou successively established their capitals in Kaifeng, called "Eastern Capital" or "Tokyo". During this period, Kaifeng officially replaced Luoyang and became the country's political, economic, cultural, and transportation center. The capital of the Later Liang Dynasty was Kaifeng for seventeen years. Although the time was short, the country's rents were relatively light and the people could recuperate and recuperate. At the same time, the capital of the Later Liang Dynasty was Kaifeng, which shifted China's political, economic, cultural and military center from Luoyang in the Heluo region to Henan. The Kaifeng area in the East Plain has important epoch-making significance for the transfer of capital and political center in ancient China. In 923, the Later Liang Dynasty was destroyed, and the successor Tang Dynasty established its capital in Luoyang and Bianzhou in Kaifeng. In 936, Shi Jingtang destroyed the Tang Dynasty, established the Later Jin Dynasty, and moved the capital from Luoyang to Kaifeng. On January 10, 947, the Khitan army captured Kaifeng, the capital of the Later Jin Dynasty, and the Later Jin Dynasty was destroyed. 2. Luoyang In the fourth year of Tang Tianyou's reign (907), Luoyang was the capital of the Later Liang, Later Tang, and Later Jin Dynasties. Luoyang was the capital of the Later Han Dynasty and Later Zhou Dynasty. 3. Jinling (Nanjing) After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, the Southern Tang Dynasty made Jinling its capital and expanded the city. There have been constant wars in the north, but since the beginning of Yang and Wu, no major war has occurred in the territory for more than 70 years. Markets gathered on both sides of the Qinhuai River. The economic prosperity was accompanied by the development of culture, and poetry, calligraphy and painting were all popular. 4. Hangzhou During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the Wuyue Kingdom was located in the southeast and established its capital in Hangzhou. At that time, Hangzhou was governed in Qiantang and governed ten counties: Qiantang, Qianjiang, Yanguan, Yuhang, Fuchun, Tonglu, Yuqian, Xindeng, Hengshan and Wukang. . Under the 85-year rule of the three generations of Wu and Yue and the Five Emperors, and through the hard work of the working people, Hangzhou developed into a place of national economic prosperity and cultural gathering. Ouyang Xiu has this description in "The Story of Youmeitang": "Since the Five Dynasties, Qiantang has not bothered to fight, and its people are happy, prosperous and peaceful. There are more than 100,000 families, surrounded by lakes and mountains, reflecting the left and right, and the merchants of Fujian Hai are sailing in the waves. It is a prosperous place to go in and out among the mist and waves. "Qian Liu, the king of Wuyue, built a "Zi Cheng" on Fenghuang Mountain in Hangzhou, built a palace inside as a national governance, and built a "Luo City" on the outside, surrounded by 70 , as a defense. According to the "History of Wuyue", the capital city started from Qinwang Mountain in the west, along the Qiantang River to Jianggan, near Qiantang Lake (West Lake) to Baoshi Mountain, and to Genshan Gate in the northeast. Because it looks like a waist drum, it is also known as the "Waist Drum City". King Wu Yue attached great importance to the construction of water conservancy, diverting water from the West Lake into the city's canals; along the Qiantang River, he used the "stone pile method" to build more than a hundred miles of revetment seawalls; he also built Longshan and Zhejiang sluices along the Qiantang River to prevent the backflow of salt water. , reduce tide hazards and expand flat land. Migrant workers were used to level the rocky beaches in the river, making the waterway smooth and promoting water transportation with coastal areas. 5. In the first year of Jingfu in Fuzhou (893), Wang Chao, Wang Shenzhi's Guang and Shouzhou troops occupied Fuzhou and unified Fujian with Fuzhou as a stronghold, creating the Fujian Kingdom and bringing a wave of immigrants from the Central Plains, which is called " Eighteen surnames follow the king." In the third year of Kaiping (909), Wang Shenzhi established the Kingdom of Fujian and made Fuzhou its capital. In the third year of Baoda (945), the Min Kingdom was destroyed by the Southern Tang Dynasty. In the fourth year of Kaiyun (947), Wu Yue defeated the warlord Li Hongyi and took control of Fuzhou. It was not until the third year of Taiping and Xingguo (978) that the Northern Song Dynasty annexed Wu Yue and occupied Fuzhou. Fuzhou City was very prosperous during the Five Dynasties. The expansion of the city included Wushan, Yushan and Pingshan within the city. From then on, Fuzhou was also named "Three Mountains". At this time, Buddhism was also developing rapidly in Fuzhou. The earliest existing wooden building in southern China, the Hualin Temple Main Hall, was built during this period. The Fuzhou ethnic group also gradually formed during the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties. 6. Guangzhou At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Yan proclaimed himself emperor in Guangzhou, known as the Southern Han Kingdom, and Guangzhou was the palace of Prince Xing. He also established Xianning and Changkang counties in the Guangzhou area to imitate the imperial capital Chang'an. The Southern Han Dynasty was the more powerful among the ten countries. When it was most powerful, it controlled the Guangdong and Guangxi regions and called itself "Xiao Nan Qiang". 7. Chengdu In the first year of Kaiping in the Later Liang Dynasty (907), Zhu Wen destroyed the Tang Dynasty, and Chinese history entered the Five Dynasties period. Wang Jian and Meng Zhixiang successively separated Sichuan and Shu, proclaimed themselves emperors in Chengdu, and named their country Shu. It was also known as "Former Shu" and "Latter Shu" in history. 8. On June 17, the second year of Tiancheng's reign in the Later Tang Dynasty (July 18, 927) in Changsha, Ma Yin "made Tanzhou the capital of Changsha" and Changsha was the capital of Chu State. In the second year of Guangshun, Taizu of Zhou Dynasty (952), the Southern Tang Dynasty Hao fell into Changsha, and Hunan's political center moved to Langzhou (Changde). 9. On June 17, the second year of Tiancheng's reign in the Later Tang Dynasty (July 18, 927) in Jingzhou, Ma Yin "made Tanzhou the capital of Changsha" and Changsha was the capital of the Chu Kingdom. In the second year of Guangshun, Taizu of Zhou Dynasty (952), the Southern Tang Dynasty Hao fell into Changsha, and Hunan's political center moved to Langzhou (Changde). 10. Yangzhou At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Jianghuai River was in chaos. In the second year of Emperor Zhaozong's reign (902), Huainan Jiedu envoy Yang Xingmi was granted the title of King of Wu in Yangzhou. In the 16th year of Tianyou (919), Yang Wei (Long Yan, the second son of Yang Xingmi) formally established the Kingdom of Wu, with Jiangdu as the capital, Yangzhou as Jiangdu Prefecture, and Yuan Wuyi. In the third year of Wu Tianzuo's reign (937), the Southern Tang Dynasty destroyed Wu and made Jinling (now Nanjing City) the capital and Yangzhou the eastern capital. In the fifteenth year of Baoda in the Southern Tang Dynasty (957), Jiangdu Prefecture was changed to Yangzhou in the later Zhou Dynasty.

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