The Chinese race in the genetic map of the world race

The primitive Dongyi people belong to Miao Yao, Baiyue and Tunguska. The only Y chromosome haplogroup are O2, O 1 and C 1, which are distributed in the eastern part of North China Plain and Liaodong Peninsula of Shandong Peninsula. Tungusic lineage of Dongyi people in the north is more, while Miao Yao and Baiyue of Dongyi people in the south are more, but Miao Yao and Baiyue are the main ones in general. Since the leader of the Dongyi people came into contact with the primitive Huaxia people in the Central Plains, the Dongyi people have mixed more and more primitive Huaxia factors, especially the Dongyi people in the North China Plain have been greatly Chinese (not only in language but also in blood).

The Dongyi people took the phoenix as their ancestral totem and multiplied into many tribes with various birds as their sub-totems. Primitive Dongyi created advanced Haidai culture: invented feathered bows and arrows, created Dongyi characters (which inspired the birth of Chinese characters), made bronzes and smelting iron, made boats and cars, developed agriculture and controlled water. It has played a key and decisive role in the development and promotion of Chinese national culture. The Huaxia civilization in the Central Plains is a relatively backward culture in the west. The Chinese people absorbed the advanced Dongyi culture and entered the civilized society, and then surpassed Dongyi culture in the Zhou Dynasty. From Fuxi, Shennong, Yanhuang to Xia and Shang Dynasties, Dongyi culture played a leading role in the interactive development of Huaxia-Dongyi culture (mainly referring to science and technology, excluding language), but it was the Chinese nation that played a leading role politically (Shang and Dongyi destroyed the summer together and were greatly influenced by Dongyi).

Tai Hao (a descendant of Fu), surnamed Feng, was a colonial representative sent by Fu, the former leader of China, to Dongyi, and Dongyi became the hereditary leader of Dongyi. Ren (Jining City), Su Xuju (Dongping County) and Zhu Luo (northwest of Feixian County) in the Spring and Autumn Period were all square countries established after Tai Hao's descendants returned to Fuxi's matriarchal hometown. Like Tai Hao tribe (divided into two branches, the original branch developed into Huaxia tribe in Huaiyang and the eastern branch developed into Dongyi in Qufu), Shennong tribe is also divided into Huaiyang and Shandong systems. Huaiyang is given priority to with Chinese language, while eastern Shandong is given priority to with Dongyi language, but all the departments of Shennong were later merged by the Yan Di Department (a branch of Yuesi Mountain) which moved eastward. One of the four mountain ranges in Yan Di moved eastward to the junction of western Shandong and eastern Henan, with Huaiyang as its capital, completely replacing the original Shennong territory and intersecting with Tai Hao Group; April, who lived in Shandong, was originally from China, but was later westernized (linguistically). Taihao Group has the dragon worship of the Chinese nation, but at the same time it also worships birds as totems like Dongyi.

Chiyou is a descendant of Dongyi, but whether it is Tai Hao or Shennong can't be tested.

Shao Hao is another ruling group of Dongyi after Tai Hao, and takes it as its surname. Shao Hao is not a person, but a group. Di Ku's son, Shao Hao Zhi, is just one of many Shao Hao leaders in Dongyi, and has no paternal blood relationship with the Shao Hao leaders before and after, but matrilineal is possible. Zhi was the colonial representative of Huaxia nationality stationed in Dongyi, and later Dongyi became the representative of Dongyi (renamed Dongyi surname Yan).

Yanshi is a descendant of Xu, Jiang, Ge, Huang, Fei, Tan and other countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. Xu, now Sixian, Anhui, Sihong, Jiangsu; Jiang, now southwest of Zhengyang County, Henan Province; Huang, now northwest of Huangchuan County, Henan Province; Ge, now Ningling County, Henan Province; Fee, now Feixian County, Shandong Province; Tan, now Tancheng County, Shandong Province; Tan, now Zhangqiu County, Shandong Province; Li Zhong, now Fengyang County, Anhui Province. Some won surnames moved to the west, established countries in Shaanxi and became the ancestors of Qin and Zhao. The ancestor of Emperor Yan is different from the same surname, which is caused by tribal division. Yan had an election in the Spring and Autumn Period of the Western Zhou Dynasty (Qufu County), which was then the capital of Shao Hao. Britain, now Jinzhai County, Anhui Province; Sixth, six counties in Anhui today; Shu Jiu, now Shucheng County, Anhui Province; Dongyi is surnamed Yan. Juguo (now Juxian County, Shandong Province) is a Shao Hao tribe that joined the Huangdi Group.

At the beginning of the summer, Boyi fought for the dominance of * * *, which lasted for half a century after being replaced by Hou Yi and Han Biao. It was a struggle among tribes of the group that formed a tribal alliance with Yanhuang Group during the transition period from tribal alliance to the country. These tribes separated from Dongyi and joined the embryonic form of China, which became an important source of the oriental system during the origin of China. They are distributed between ancient rivers and economy, that is, today's Lu Yu and Hebei provinces border areas. In the Xia Dynasty, another one differentiated from Dongyi and joined the embryonic form of China, that is, the Shang clan (the paternal line is Huaxia and the maternal line is Dongyi). They descended from the south of Yanshan region, rose between rivers and economy, and finally laid the foundation for the establishment of the second dynasty in China. In Taishan Mountain and Gujishui River Basin, various countries centered on Yan (now Qufu) and Bo Gu (now Boxing County, Shandong Province) have formed. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Yi people in Dongyi were still big countries, and the level of social development was the closest to that in Xia and Shang Dynasties. The Taishan tribe and kingdom, which bordered the sea in the east and Huai in the south, was called Jiuyi or in Xia and Shang Dynasties.

At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Xuan and Bo Gu were destroyed, and Lu and Qi were sealed in their hometown. With Qilu as the center, only Lion in Shandong Province had not been completely sinicized in the Spring and Autumn Period. The barbarians in Huaishui area were the strong rivals of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and also the main body of the oriental barbarians in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty. There are obvious differences between the policies of Qi and Lu towards the surrounding Dongyi tribes: governing Qi is "due to its customs", while governing Lu is "changing customs". Qi's policies promoted the integration of China culture and Dongyi culture, which not only occupied a dominant position in the Spring and Autumn Period, but also influenced the whole China culture. The Dongyi tribes around Qi quickly merged with it. 567 years ago, Lai was destroyed by Qi, so all the small countries in Dongyi of Shandong Peninsula were annexed by Qi. Although Lu is famous for carrying out Zhou etiquette, the customs of local aborigines are still stubborn. In the center of the occurrence and development of Dongyi culture, Lu, led by the Zhou culture of the Chinese nation, developed Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius, which had great influence on later generations. Confucius was originally from the Song Dynasty, and he was a Miao descendant of the Shang nationality.

In northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui, there are descendants of the school, such as Xu, Jiang, Ge, Huang, Ying, Liu and so on. They are Dongyi tribes who migrated from Shandong after the defeat of Chiyou, but they have more Baiyue lineage after moving south. In the Spring and Autumn Period, they married Zhu Xia and joined the alliance. In the historical process of the Great Merger in the Warring States Period, it was successively annexed by Chu, Lu and wuyue. Their cultural orientation is influenced by Lu, Chu and wuyue. In the process of political unification, culture and nationality merged, and the differences between Yi and Xia gradually disappeared, becoming a part of the Chinese nation.

It should be said that it was not until the Han Dynasty that the sinicization of Dongyi was completely completed. After fully contributing their scientific and technological intelligence to the Chinese nation, Dongyi was internalized in the blood and language by the Chinese nation and eventually became a member of the Han nationality. Therefore, the Han people in Shandong, northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui all contain Tungusic and Baiyue lineages, not pure Chinese lineages, but they are no different from Chinese in race and belong to the Northern Far East.

When the primitive Han people created the pre-Yangshao culture, Dongyi people created Beixin (tengxian, Shandong Province)-Qingliangang (Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province) culture, distributed in Huaibei and Lunan, with about 5,400-4,400 people.

When the primitive Han people created Yangshao culture, Dongyi people created Dawenkou culture (the continuation of Beixin-Qingliangang culture), which was mainly distributed in Shandong and north of Huaihe River in Jiangsu, but also scattered in northern Anhui, eastern Henan and Liaodong Peninsula, 4300 ~ 2500 years ago. The early Dawenkou culture was influenced by Yangshao culture. Later, it also went deep into central Henan, such as Pingdingshan Temple and Yanshi Sliding City. The lower layer of Lushun guo jia cun in Liaodong Peninsula is the evidence of Dawenkou culture spreading northward.

Huaxia people created Longshan culture in the Central Plains, while Dongyi people created Longshan culture in Shandong (typical Longshan culture is the continuation of Dawenkou culture). The distribution of Longshan culture in Shandong is mainly in Shandong, including Jiangsu, Hebei and parts of Liaodong Peninsula, from 2500 to 2000.

When Huaxia people created Xia, Shang and Zhou cultures, Dongyi people created Yueshi (east of Pingdu County, Shandong Province) culture (pre 1900- pre 1500). Yueshi culture fills the gap between Longshan culture and Shang culture in Shandong.

After Dongyi was defeated by the Huaxia nationality, the northern branch of Dongyi fled to the Liaohe River basin, which profoundly affected the genetic composition of residents in Siberia and North Asia. O 1-M 1 19 became the ubiquitous gene in Altai nationality, and O2 became the first gene in Manchu, Korean and Yamato nationality. Dongyi Nanzhi fled to the south, returned to Baiyue's hometown, and brought part of C 1/D to the south. From then on, Dongyi nationality disappeared from the Yellow River valley physically and culturally, and was replaced by the Huaxia nationality O3-M 122.

The haplogroup of Y chromosome of Han nationality and Tibetan nationality is O3-M 122. The regions with the highest frequency of O3 are the Tibetan and Burmese people in Yunnan Province of China and Naga State in the northeast of India. The frequency of O3 occurrence of many ethnic groups is 100%, such as Dulong. In Southeast Asia near China, the amount of O3 is relatively large, exceeding 50% in Myanmar, Laos and Viet Nam.

A branch of the Han-Tibetan ethnic group formed the Tibetan-Burmese ethnic group, which created Majiayao culture, with Longxi as the center, Hexi Corridor and northern Qinghai Province in the west, southern Ningxia in the north and northern Sichuan Province in the south. Majiayao culture is a local variety of Yangshao culture in Shaanxi, dating from 3300 to 2050. Qijia culture originated from Longshan culture in the Central Plains of Shaanxi Province. With the continuous development to the west, its distribution coincides with Majiayao culture, and it begins to inherit some factors of Majiayao culture, and its regionality is more prominent. It is a variant of Longshan culture in Shaanxi Province. The early stage of Qijia culture was 2000 years ago, and bronzes had appeared widely, which could reach the Shang Dynasty in the later stage. As for the Huoshaogou culture in western Gansu, it entered a relatively developed bronze age, ranging from 1900 to 1700.

The Tibetans and Burmese have been going south continuously, occupying many sites belonging to the Bulang nationality and the brother nationality Baipu, and marrying them, merging into Tibetans, Qiang, Yi, Burmese, Shu and Ba (Tujia).

Among them, the Tibetans were formed by two Tang Fang Faqiang (fairies) of the Tibetan-Burmese nationality in Qin and Han Dynasties who entered the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau southward and mixed with the local brown indigenous Yalong River (macaques). A large number of D-Y chromosomes can also be seen in the genetic structure of Tibetans (of course, O3 chromosomes account for more than 50%). Observing the characteristics of Tibetans, even in the same village, we can see two completely different styles. Some people are tall and straight Qiang people, while others are round and brown people with great differences in skin color.

The Di nationality only exists in the border area of Sichuan and Gansu, and has an amazing Y chromosome genetic structure-all of them are D-type, which shows that they are descendants of the indigenous brown people. In Chinese and Tibetan, "Di" means "bottom". When the Qiang people came to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, they called the brown indigenous people who were already here "Miao people" because their "initial arrival" was there. Qiang people also contain some D types, but O3 is still the main form. In addition, the whole Tibeto-Burman language family contains more than 10% of C lineage because of its strong integration with the upper Yellow River or the influence of Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jinshan Turkic, Qidan and Mongolia.

O3 exists in South Asian language family and Miao and Yao language family. Only O3e 1 is unique to the Han nationality. This type was born in the Loess Plateau (northern Shaanxi, southern Gansu, Ningxia), the hometown of the primitive Han nationality, and probably the ancestor of the Zhou family, Hou Ji, Di Ku (obsolete). Today, O accounts for 73%, K accounts for 13%, C and Q each account for 4%, and R 1A, J and so on each account for 2%. Today, O accounts for 7 1%, K for 14.4%, C for 8%, D for 4%, F for 1%, R 1A for 0.8% and N for 0.8%.